将小麦近缘属植物黑麦中的优良基因导入小麦可以拓宽小麦的遗传基础,丰富小麦的遗传变异。本研究调查并分析了390份小麦-黑麦种质材料。在这390份种质材料中,6个主要农艺性状值均有较大的极差,说明其遗传多样性丰富。与10份小麦主栽品种相比,90%以上的材料具有穗长和分蘖数的显著优势,60%以上的材料具有小穗数优势,约30%的材料穗粒数和千粒重显著高于主栽品种。利用基因组原位杂交(genomic in situ hybridization,GISH)和多色荧光原位杂交(multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization,mc-FISH)技术,对8份农艺性状优良的代表性材料进行染色体组成分析,发现3份为六倍体小黑麦(AABBRR),2份为八倍体小黑麦(AABBDDRR),1份为1RS?1BL易位系,其余2份不具有可见的黑麦染色体或染色体片段。值得指出的是,3份六倍体小黑麦与2份八倍体小黑麦所含的黑麦染色体不完全相同。八倍体小黑麦中有1对来源于黑麦的小染色体,而六倍体小黑麦中没有类似小染色体;并且,不同材料中黑麦4R染色体端部的GISH杂交带有明显差异。本研究结果为这些小麦-黑麦种质材料进一步应用于小麦育种提供了依据。

Transferring desirable genes of rye (Secale cereale L.) into common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) can widen the ge-netic basis and enrich genetic variation of wheat. We analyzed 390 wheat-rye derivatives in this study. Large ranges of variation were found according to six main agronomic traits, indicating an abundant genetic diversity in these germplasms. Compared to ten major wheat cultivars, more than 90%of the wheat-rye derivatives were superior in spike length and tiller number, more than 60%were superior in spikelet number, and about 30%had higher kernel number per spike and thousand-grain weight. Eight represen-tative materials with desirable agronomic traits were tested with genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (mc-FISH). The result showed that among eight outstanding materials three were hexaploid triticales (AABBRR) and two were octoploid triticales (AABBDDRR);another one was the 1RS·1BL translocation line;and the rema

以本实验室自行创制的云烟87八倍体(2n=8x=96)为母本,L-8四倍体为父本进行杂交,成功获得烟草六倍体(2n=6x=72)植株。经观察统计其花器官特征,花粉特征,并通过体外萌发及杂交试验对其育性进行初步研究。结果显示:烟草六倍体花蕾和花药明显大于云烟87四倍体×L-8四倍体杂交组合四倍体(简称四倍体杂种)后代的花蕾和花药,但花粉量较少;其花粉体外萌发率仅9.78%,明显低于四倍体杂种;六倍体花粉在六倍体及云烟87四倍体柱头上只极少量萌发并穿过花柱;以六倍体为父本,与云烟87四倍体烟草品种杂交以及六倍体自交,不能坐果;而以六倍体为母本、云烟87四倍体为父本可得到一定量种子,其单果种子数与杂种四倍体作母本、云烟87四倍体为父本时差异不大,但发芽率只有21.2%。这表明本研究中的六倍体植株作父本不育,而作母本具有一定的育性,后续研究利用中可将其用作母本。

Tobacco hexaploid plants were obtained successfully by crossingYunyan87 octoploids (2n=8x=96) with L-8 tetraploids, with octoploids as maternal parent. Fertility was studied with traits of flower and pollen, pollen germination in vitro and cross experiment. Results showed that:flower buds and anthers of hexaploid tobaccos were bigger than those of tetraploid tobaccos, with less amount of pollen. Under in vitro conditions, pollen germination rate of hexaploids was only 9.78%, significantly lower than that of tetraploid. Only a very small amount of hexaploid pollen could germinate on Yunyan87 stigma. There was no fruit when hexaploid as male parent while only some mature seeds were harvested when hexaploid as maternal parent. Germination rate of these seeds was only 21.2%. Our data suggested that hexaploid tobacco plants was male sterile and could be used as female parent in future breeding and genetic study.