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双语推荐：同源词

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本文旨在为王力著的《同源字典》拾遗补阙。有些字王力的著作虽已收录、考释,但这些字还有别的意义,尚可与另一些字构成另一对(或一组)同源字(即"同源词")。本文依照"音近义通"的原则考释同源字。
This paper is a supplement for The Dictionary of Paronyms by Wang Li .Though some words were collected and annotated by Wang Li in his dictionary ,they have other meanings and can form another pair of paronyms with other words .This paper will annotate Chinese paronyms ac‐cording to the principle of “close sound with similar meanings” .

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同源词演变至今,往往会在各地的方言中留下它们的踪影。本文旨在把传统训诂学与现代汉语方言研究结合起来考察同源词,既以古籍证明其"声近义通",又举其在四川方言中的使用情况为例证。
The cognate words has evolved, often leaving them anywhere around the dialect. The purpose of this paper is to put the traditional exegetics and modern Chinese dialect research investigation by combining the cognate words, not only to prove the"ancient sound near righteousness", but also give its use in Sichuan dialect for example.

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《同源字典》收录一组上古声纽为唇音帮滂並、韵部为鱼铎阳的词，对其进行补充性的系联，通过初度和再度系联，以期从词族的角度理解语义的系统性。
The Dictionary of Paronyms includes a group of cognate words of the ancient labial Bang Pang Bing nd rhyme Yu Duo Yang. This paper carries on the complementary linking of the words through the first connection and re association of cognate words, by which to understand the system of semantic from the word family perspective.

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动宾结构中常有动词虚化现象,但是从句法学角度检测却没有发现"V+a look(at)"中动词的语法性虚化,而是与同源动词结构"look(at)"在词汇序列方面填入词槽时的方式不同,属于"look(at)"短语的词汇化过程,与同源结构"look(at)"构成霍恩等级关系,并成为强势的表达式,内蕴了"look(at)"。在认知语用方面,引发"V+a loot(at)"结构中V虚化的最大动因是"体验——认知——语言"。
The author of the paper found no grammaticalization in the structure “V+ a look ( at)” from the angle of syntax, while from the point of cognitive pragmatics, the V is grammaticalized in sense which forms a Horn-scale and entails“look at”. And the author, from the most powerful motivation---experi-ence-cognition-language, interprets the formation of the grammaticalization of the V in the structure.

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郝懿行的《尔雅义疏》中使用了两种训释方法:一是同义词同训法;二是同源词同训法。两者都不仅仅是对某一个词的训释,而是注意到了一组词的词义同步运动的过程,这对于研究词义的系统性和词义演变的途径具有重要意义。
There are two methods in the annotation of ErYa Yi Shu written by Hao Yi-xing.One is the synonyms with Tongxun methods;the other is the paronyms with Tongxun methods.Both of them are not only used to annotate words,but also to notice the synchronized process of the meaning of words.It is sig-nificant for the research on the systematicness and evolution paths of the word meaning.

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本文分析了《汉语大词典》《汉语大字典》编纂过程中处理异形词、同源词时存在的问题,指出二辞书随文释义之弊病。在大型语文辞书编纂过程中克服这些问题,对于辞书避免重复释义、节省篇幅以及准确释义、义项分列等方面都具有重要的价值。
This text analyzes the problems of dealing with abnormity words and paronyms during the process of compiling Great Chinese Dictionary and The Big Chinese Dictionary points out the disadvantage of how these dictionaries are interpreted with the text .Solving all these problems during the process of compiling large -scale dictionaries ,will provide significant values for dictionaries such as avoiding having repeated explanation , saving spaces ,explaining words properly and parsing different explanations etc .

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日语和汉语虽然分属于不同的语系,但两国语言中的汉字词可谓是同宗同源.本文通过考察常用的单音节汉字词的古义,先从历时的角度探讨它们的演变情况,再从共时的角度将日语中的这些汉字词与汉语进行对比分析,找出它们与古代汉语的词义关联.
@@@@Although Chinese and the Japanese belong to different language system ,they are of the same origin .Through the study of ancient meaning of the frequently -used monosyllabic Kanji ,this paper tries to discuss their evolution from a dia‐chronic perspective ,and then make a comparative analysis between Kanji and Chinese from the synchronic angle ,so as to find out the semantic correlation with ancient Chinese .Hope Chinese Japanese learners have a deeper understanding of Kan‐ji .

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理据是确定词的音义关系的依据。明清俗语辞书中关于词的理据研究的内容较多，值得学界重视。明清俗语辞书中的理据研究的特点是关注词的社会性、注重分析复合词的理据、批评流俗词源；其研究分别是从字义、语音、同源词与事物属性等不同角度进行的；其不足是存在一些缺失与存疑的情况。
The semantic motivation explains the connection between the linguistic symbol and its mean-ing.There were many studies on the semantic motivation in the slang dictionary in Ming and Qing Dynas-ties,concerning about the sociality of words,analyzing the motivation of compound words and criticizing the folk etymologies.These studies are from different angels such as meanings of characters,speech sounds,cognates and attributes,and their deficiencies lie in incompleteness and doubts.

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我国传统词学批评中尊体论的承衍,主要体现在三个维面:一是从创作实践之难角度对词体的推尊,二是从诗词同源或同旨角度对词体的推尊,三是从有补于诗歌情感表现角度对词体的推尊。上述几条线索,从主体层面上展开了对词之体制的推尚,将传统词学批评中尊体论的基本面目清晰地呈现了出来。
The connecting link and spreading out of the theory of respecting Ci-poetry’s style in Chi-nese Classical Ci-poetry,mainly embody in three aspects:the first is the theory to respect Ci-poetry’s style from the angle of the difficulty of writing,the second is the theory to respect Ci-poetry’s style from the angle of the poetry and Ci-poetry are the same fountain or the same aim,the second is the theory to re-spect Ci-poetry’s style from the angle of that conduce to represent the feeling of poetry.The above-men-tioned clues,deploy the respecting to Ci-poetry from de angle of main body,syllabify present the basic face of the theory of respecting Ci-poetry’s style in Chinese Classical Ci-poetry.

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《说文解字》是一部依据字形而编排的字书。以形编排体例的背后亦有声音之联系。在对《说文》中以“康”为声符的形声字进行归纳分析的基础之上，通过双声、同训、互训途径将《说文》中含“空虚”之意字进行简单地系联。且从音韵角度证其声韵相同或相近。使得我们对《说文》中含“空虚”之意字有更清晰的认识，也使得我们对于同源词的系联方法有一定的认识与探索。
Shuowen Jiezi (说文解字) is a book edited according to the shape of characters .Besides the sty-listic rule and layout, their connection of pronunciation .Based on the analysis of the pictophonetic characters with“康 (Kang)” as the sound symbol, words with meaning of “empty” in Shuowen Jiezi (说文解字) are connected by means of alliteration, explanation with same words and explanation with different words .Their identical and sim-ilar sound is also proved in a way of ancient pronunciation .This allows us to have a clearer understanding of the words with meaning of “empty” in Shuowen Jiezi (说文解字).

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