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双语推荐：启蒙运动

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思想启蒙、文化启蒙、文学启蒙是中国百年来学术界谈论最多的话题之一。但在启蒙问题研究中,应开拓新的思路。第一,应当关注启蒙运动泛指说,并且将其同启蒙运动特指说紧密结合起来,以有助于总结启蒙运动的历史经验,开掘其丰富内涵,阐释其巨大意义。第二,正确把握启蒙主体和启蒙对象的辩证关系,有利于双方和谐共处、团结合作关系的形成,有利于促进双方的共同进步,也有利于社会文明程度的提升。第三,重新重视启蒙的长期性和艰巨性。
Intellectual enlightenment, cultural enlightenment and literal enlightenment are one of the most talked-about topics over the past century. In the study of enlightenment, new ways must be explored. First, enlightenment in a general sense should be combined with that in a particular sense so as to better sum up the historical experience of enlightenment and expound its great signiifcance. Second, we should correctly grasp the dialectical relations between the subject and object of enlightenment in order for the two sides to stay in harmony and promote mutual progress and social civilization. Third, we should realized the long time and dififculty enlightenment involves.

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启蒙始终是一个渐进的过程。启蒙不可一蹴而就，也不可一劳永逸，疾风暴雨式的革命只能是表面的隔鞋搔痒和形式上的诱惑，在实质上却不能达到理想的效果。因此，启蒙也非几次运动就可以获得解决，运动只能是洗礼，只能是引起人们对于启蒙问题的注意，“运动”之后便会停下来，而对于启蒙而言，它在本质上需要一直“运动”下去，也就是说启蒙是一个不断的过程，人自身的完善和祛魅是一个渐进的过程。
Enlightenment is a gradual process which can’t achieve immediately, it was just a superficial temptation if it has been happened, in fact, it can’t achieve ideal goal. Therefore, the goal can’t be accomplished by several times of Enlightenment Movement, the movement just is a ablution that catch one’s attention on enlightenment. As well-know of all, if something have to move, it must has stopped, but for enlightenment, it should be move forever, in other words, Enlightenment Movement is a gradual process by which we can achieve self-improvement and freedom.

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1930年代,中共和左翼文化人士在思想文化领域发起了一场旨在抗日救国、宣传马克思主义的新启蒙运动。作为北平思想文化界的领军人物和中共北方局宣传部长,陈伯达在新启蒙运动的发起、发展、高潮以及最后走向结束的各个环节,都起到了至关重要的作用。文章从陈伯达与新启蒙运动的关系入手,系统阐述了其发起新启蒙运动的动机及思路,揭示他在新启蒙运动各个历史阶段的理论贡献,进而并对他在新启蒙运动中的作用给予客观评价。
In the 1930s, in the field of thought and culture CPC and some left-wing intellectuals launched the New Enlightenment Movement aiming to resist Japan and save the nation and disseminate Marxism. Chen Boda, as one of the leaders in the field of thought and culture,and the minister of propaganda of the Northern Bureau of the Central Committee of CPC,played an essential and fundamental role at all the stages of the New Enlightenment Movement:the beginning,development, climax and end. Starting from the relationship of Chen Boda and New Enlightenment Movement,the paper states systematically the motive and train of thought of his launch of New Enlightenment Movement,reveals his theoretical contribution in the process of the Movement,and then makes objective judgment on Chen’s role in the New Enlightenment Movement.

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基督教建立在启示基础之上，融合了经典的西方哲学思想，具有自己独特的神学体系；启蒙运动是17-18世纪发生在欧洲的一场知识运动，它旨在开启理性精神，驱除蒙昧信仰，追求光明和进步，其精髓和实质是理性主义。基督教是启蒙运动批判的对象，然而两者并非截然对立。在梳理基督教思想与启蒙精神之间关系的基础上，探讨了基督教在法、德、英三国的启蒙运动中不同的境遇，并对启蒙运动的局限性做了简要评述。
Christianity has a peculiar theological system, which is based on revelation and philosophical thoughts; while Enlightenment Movement is an intellectual movement taking place in the 17th and 18th centuries.Enlightenment means employing reasoning, getting rid of superstition and pursuing light and progress.Its essence lies in rationalism.It is clear that Christianity is the target of criticism of Enlightenment Movement, but in fact they are by no means incompatible.Based on the analysis of the relationship between Christian thoughts and Enlightenment spirit, this paper discusses the differences in how Christianity was treated in the Enlightenment Movement in France, Germany and the U.K., as well as the negative impact of Enlightenment Movement.

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公共图书馆实践是启蒙运动和现代性精神的最佳体现和典型产物。解释了启蒙运动与现代性的含义，详细介绍了启蒙运动与现代性的思想和精神如何融入到早期的公共图书馆实践中，以及对公共图书馆的诞生和使命定位所起的作用。
Public library’s practice is the best reflect and typical product of the enlightenment and modernity. This paper explains the connotations of the enlightenment and modernity, introduces in detail how the thought and spirit of the enlightenment and modernity to be integrated into the early practice of public library and the functions of the enlightenment and modernity on the birth and mission positioning of the public library.

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卢梭揭示了启蒙运动开启的现代性危机,指出启蒙思想家们的科学主义社会观导致政治的腐化、道德的衰败和人性的异化。他用"自然"来对抗启蒙运动的"文明",用共和主义的道德概念来对抗启蒙运动的现代进步概念,其深刻洞见一直影响和启迪着各种反科学主义的思潮,呈现出强大的生命力。
Rousseau reveals the enlightenment’s crisis of modernity by pointing out the social scientism of the enlightenment’s thinkers which results in the political corruption, the moral decline and the alienation of human nature. Rousseau confronts the conception of the enlightenment’s“culture”with his conception of “nature”, and the conception of the enlightenment’s “progress”with the conception of the republican “morality”. His profound insights have strong vitality and influence and inspire all kinds of anti-scientism ’s thoughts up to now.

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古希腊哲学作为西方哲学的源流，其哲学思想已经为很多学者研究，但是古希腊哲学中的启蒙教育思想却不为人所熟知。本文主要论述了古希腊哲学中的启蒙教育思想。在古希腊思想家看来，良好的启蒙教育要达到三点要求：一是注重培养儿童的品性和美德；二是游戏和运动是启蒙教育的主要方式；三是启蒙教育应以培养儿童的兴趣为出发点。
The philosophy of ancient Greece as the source of western philosophy ,the philosophy has been well known . ,but the enlightenment educational thoughts are not well known .This paper mainly discusses the enlightenment education thought .The enlightenment education include :First ,paying attention to the cultiva-tion of children’s moral character and virtue .Second ,games and sports is the main way to enlightenment educa-tion .Third ,the enlightenment education should be to cultivate the children ’s interests as starting point .

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法国自然神论的产生并非偶然，是具有必然性的。它是随着时代发展的社会背景和理论背景作为产生它的思想来源和根基而生成的，即它的发展是一个自然历史过程。它经历了文艺复兴、启蒙运动、宗教改革与宗派斗争、近代科学的兴起形成了自然神论思想的时代背景。随着启蒙思想家伏尔泰、孟德斯鸠、卢梭等为代表的哲学思想发展，在自然观上对宗教意识有着重大的突破，他们在本质上都是唯物主义者。然而，启蒙运动时期法国宗教思想在人们头脑中并没有彻底洗清，不得不借用上帝的名义来解释它的自然哲学宇宙观。自然神论作为中间环节，对后期无神论起到了桥梁的作用。
The generation of French Deism had inevitability, not accidental. Its origin of thought and basis were the social background and theoretical background of times development, that is the development is a natural historical process. It has experienced the Renaissance, the Enlightenment, the Reformation and Sectarian strife, the rise of modern science, which formed the background of Deism thought. With the development of philosophical thought represented by Enlightenment thinker Voltaire, Montesquieu, Rousseau, in natural view the Deism has a major breakthrough for religious consciousness, they are materialist in nature. However, in the Age of Enlightenment the French religious thought has not been completely cleared in people''s minds, had to borrow the name of God to explain its natural philosophy cosmology. As intermediate links, the Deism has played a role of a bridge for the later atheism.

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卢梭接受了启蒙运动提出的范畴,却不赞同知识和理性能够解决一切问题的启蒙原则,而是提倡返回人的真实的自我来认识和解决现代社会的问题,通过研究人的自然原则来拯救病态的社会,由此实现关于美德和幸福的启蒙。为此,卢梭诉诸人的自然需求和真实内心感受,以新的视角研究人,开创了心理学和人类学的认知路线;并提出自然之善作为研究的参照点,揭示现代社会的堕落,提出相应的救赎策略。
Rousseau accepts the category of the Enlightenment, but is against the idea that knowl-edge and reason alone could solve all the problems of human society, and rather resorts to the way of returning to the true self of man. Rousseau’s remedy of the pathological society in the course of the research of man is in fact an enlightenment of virtue and happiness of man. Thus, Rousseau cre-ates the anthropological and psychological research method by studying man from his natural needs and feelings. Rousseau claims the goodness of nature as the starting point of the research of man to discover the corruption in modern society and indicates the redemptive strategies accordingly.

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民国的公民教育运动作为启蒙运动的重要组成部分,其演进过程反映了权威话语和民间话语共同压制知识分子话语的历史。公民教育必须坚持知识分子话语立场,明确其培养现代公民意识、建构现代公民社会的目标,并且注重公民行为习惯的训练。
The evolution process of the practice of civic education which is an important part of the enlightenment reflects the history of intellectual discourse oppressed by authoritative discourse and folk discourse . Civic education must stick to the position of intellectual discourse and make it clear that the target is cultivation of modern citizenship and the construction of modern civil society , and especially , pay attention to civil behavior training .

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