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双语推荐：告子

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《孟子·告子上》有两段文字是孟子与告子关于仁义内在外在的争辩,本文着力于分析这两段文字,表明这一争辩是孟告人性之争的进一步延伸,突出孟子与告子在人性问题上的根本差异,同时考察这两个人各自提出义内义外观点的深层原因,并进而阐述道德内在主义的含义,由此挖掘孟告有关仁义内外之辩的伦理学意蕴。
In Part I of “Gaozi”,Mengzi,there are two paragraphs about the debate of benevolence (Ren,仁),Righteousness(Yi,义)internalism or externalism.This paper puts forth effort to analyze the two paragraphs,and to show that this debate is the dispute of human nature between Mengzi and Gaozi.The author sticks out fundamental difference of human nature between them.At the same time,the author also investigates the underlying reasons of their viewpoints,and then expounds the meaning of moral internalism,thus excavates the ethical implication of Mengzi and Gaozi''s debate on benevolence and righteousness.

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从告子与孟子关于人性的辩论开始，人性论就成为中国伦理思想史的中心议题，性善性恶也成为主要的辩题。对人性作出价值判断之前，需要确定什么是人性，这就涉及到界定人性的基本原则是什么。本文从对告子与孟子关于“生之谓性”的论辩，荀子“生之所以然者谓之性”的论释切入，以证明三家的人性论都可归入“生之谓性”这一原则。
From the beginning of Gaozi and Mencius’s argument about human nature,human nature be-comes the central theme of Chinese ethical thought and human goodness and human evil also become a ma-jor debate .Before defining making a value judgments for human nature ,we need to determine what hu-man nature is.It involves the basic principles of the human nature.This article analyses Gaozi and Mencius’famous argument that life is what we call nature and Xunzi’s interpretation of human nature in order to prove Gaozi,Mencius and Xunzi’s human nature theory conform to the principle that life is what we call nature.

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通过对"以生言性"的传统及其不同命题表述的详尽分析,对孟子、告子"生之谓性"的辩论做出梳理,指出孟子性善论一方面受到了"以生言性"传统的影响,另一方面则超越、发展了这一传统,故只有将孟子性善论放在"以生言性"的传统下才能得到真正的理解.从这一角度出发,为探讨儒家的权利观念提供了可能.
This article analyses the tradition of"articulating xing in terms of sheng" and related other expressions,and also examines the debate between Mencius and Gaozi concerning "xing is known by sheng." It claims that while Mencius''"human nature iS good"discourse is influenced by the interpretive tradition of"articulating xing in terms of sheng",Mencius also transcends and develops this tradition.Therefore it iS only when Mencius''views about the goodness of human nature are understood in the context of this interpretive tradition that his ideas can be fully understood.Utilizing this framework,the Confucian understanding of rights is then explored.

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"良心"一词最早见于《孟子·告子上》篇"其所以放其良心者,亦犹斧斤之于木也"一语,本义指人本然之善心,置重于个人天赋所具之性,并散发为"恻隐、羞恶、辞让、是非"之"四心"。考察孟子"性善"论和"四心四端说",探求其良心观的践行之方,可以证明孟子良心观之于个人成善、成德的内在致思理路。
The word “Conscience”is first seen in “Mencius·Gaozi BookⅠ”:“The way in which a man loses his conscience just likes the way in which the trees are denuded by axes”,which means who was born with proper goodness,belonging to the nature of human beings.It can be further interpreted as “four xin”containing sympathy,shame,comity and the ability to tell right from wrong.Based on intensive researches on Mencius’s view on good-nature,“four-heart and four-terminal”and his exploratory practice,this paper indicates the significance of Mencius’s view on conscience in transforming individuals into ones with better goodness and morality.

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孟子与告子关于人性善恶的争论和由《礼记·乐记》而来的"人生而静"以上容说不容说,成为宋明理学性论的基本资源和中心的课题。程颐和张栻都主张性善,但是如何解释性善,在湖湘学却有自己独特的见解。张栻对性善的解说及其援太极说入性论的理路,与朱学有着明显的差异,仍坚守了湖湘学以性为本的基本立场。
The debates about the good and evil of human nature between Mencius and Gao Zi and the i-dea whether can man discuss the nature before him coming into being from the book of Rites are the basic sources and core subj ects of theory of nature of Neo-Confucianism in the Song-Ming Dynasty.Both of Cheng Yi and Zhang Zai recognize that nature is good,however,to which there is a special interpreting in the school of Huxiang.Zhang Shi’s opinions of goodness of nature and the theory introducing the Taiji into of nature are obviously diffluent from Zhu Xi’s and Zhang Shi still persist in the basic stand which na-ture is the substance in the School of Huxiang.

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目的 研究人肝再生增强因子（ALR）对细胞周期素依赖性激酶1启动子（CDK1p）转录调节的作用，探讨ALR的生物学作用机制。方法 根据GenBank中CDK1p序列的分析设计引物，应用聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增人CDK1基因启动子基因序列，并克隆至真核报告载体pCAT3-Basic中，构建CDK1启动子报告基因表达载体pCAT3-CDK1p，以该质粒转染HepG2细胞系，并同时与pcDNA3.1（－）-ALR共转染HepG2细胞系，用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测报告基因氯霉素乙酰转移酶（CAT）的表达活性。结果 pCAT3-CDK1p组CAT表达活性明显高于pCAT3-basic组，差异有统计学意义，pCAT3-CDK1p与pcDNA3.1（－）-ALR 共转染组的CAT表达活性明显低于pCAT3-CDK1p组，差异有统计学意义。结论 CDK1启动子有顺式激活下游基因的活性，ALR对CDK1基因有下调作用。
Objective To investigate the effects of human augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) on the transcription of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 gene promoter (CDK1p), and to explore the biological function mechanism of ALR. Methods Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was employed to amplify the sequence of CDK1 promoter from HepG2 genomic DNA, named CDK1p, and the PCR product was cloned into pCAT3-basic, named pCAT3-CDK1p. The HepG2 cells were transfected with pCAT3-CDK1p, and then co-transfected with pCAT3-CDK1p and pcDNA3.1(-)-ALR. The chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activity was detected by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Results The CAT activity of the HepG2 transfected by pCAT3-CDK1p was significantly higher than that of the negative control group. The CAT activity of the HepG2 co-transfected by pCAT3-CDK1p and pcDNA3.1(-)-ALR was significantly lower than that of the HepG2 transfected by pCAT3-CDK1p. Conclusions The CDK1p has transcription activity. It is sug

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目的：构建p53双荧光报告载体，验证其能否模拟野生型p53的生物学活性并适用于高通量筛选。方法：用PCR在p53和萤火虫荧光素酶的开放阅读框两端引入酶切位点并移除p53的终止密码和萤火虫荧光素酶的起始密码，然后将二者插入到由内部核糖体进入位点引导的海肾荧光素酶的上游，从而构建出一个能表达P53萤火虫荧光素融合蛋白的p53FL/IRES/RL双荧光报告载体。转染该报告载体后，检测被表达的P53荧光素融合蛋白是否被MDM2降解、该融合蛋白的亚细胞定位和它对p53特异性启动子的诱导。结果：成功构建出p53双荧光报告载体。该载体在宿主细胞内表达的P53荧光素融合蛋白能被MDM2降解；主要分布于细胞核；具有野生型p53的转录活性。结论：新构建的p53双荧光报告载体p53FL/IRES/RL能有效模拟野生型p53的功能，适用于高通量筛选调节P53蛋白含量的药物、基因或化合物。
Objective:To construct a p53-fused dual luciferase reporter and to test whether this reporter can mimic wild-type p53 activities in a high-throughput screen.Methods:A restriction endonuclease site was added to each terminus and the stop codon of the wild-type full-length p53 open reading frame (ORF) was removed by PCR. A restriction endonuclease site was added to each terminus and the start codon of the ifrelfy luciferase ORF was removed by PCR. The two modified ORFs were inserted upstream of the IRES-induced renilla luciferase ORF in a CMV-derived vector. hTe p53 fusion protein was expressed in cells to test its MDM2-mediated degradation, subcellular localization, and induction of p53-responsive promoter. Results:hTe p53-fused dual luciferase reporter was successfully constructed. Atfer transfection into the host cells, the reporter expressing the p53 fusion protein that was degraded by oncoprotein MDM2, was mainly located inside the nucleus, and induced the p53-responsive promoter, r

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