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双语推荐：对等

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汉语词典对"对等"一词的定义不一致。《现代汉语词典》《当代汉语通用词典》和《现代汉语辞海》的定义只有一个。《新华字典》和《高级汉语大词典》的定义有两个。一个与上面3部词典的定义相同,另一个与上面3部词典的定义不一样,将"对等"解释为"大体对等"。"对等翻译"被视为中国翻译界的理论经典和金科玉律,译自奈达及当代西方翻译理论家的理论术语、意义为"对当"的equivalent。"对等翻译"原理受到中国学术精深的翻译理论家的强烈反对,他们认为翻译中存在不可译,翻译不可能对等。"对等"翻译论者引用《高级汉语大词典》的定义反驳说,汉语"对等"即大体对等,非绝对对等,使受到批评的"对等翻译"理论继续流行。
The definitions of Duideng in the Chinese dictionaries are different .Some dictionaries define it as only identical while other dictionaries define it as identical or approximate .Equivalent or equivalence is the central term of the Western translation theory and Nida ’ s translation theory , the meaning of which is approximate .The Chinese leading theorists misunderstood it and mis-translated it as duideng ( identical ) , which has been criticized since it came into China .The Chinese leading theorists who misunder-stood and mistranslated Equivalent or equivalence argued that the meaning of Chinese duideng is not identical but approximate .Seri-ous study shows that the meaning of Chinese duideng is only identical .

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奈达的"动态对等"翻译理论强调读者的反应,该理论自诞生之日起,便对我国译界产生了深远的影响。本文基于词汇对等、句法对等、篇章对等和文体对等这四个方面,用实际例子证实该理论在翻译实践中的重要性和价值。
Nida''s"dynamic equivalence"translation theory emphasizes readers'' response, this theory has great influence on the field of translation. The author tries to confirm the importance and value of this theory in translation practice based on actual examples.

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阐述了奈达的语言文化观，从“形式对等”“动态对等”“功能对等”三个方面系统而全面地分析了奈达对等翻译理论的基本观点。论述了翻译界对奈达对等翻译理论的种种反应以及该理论在翻译实践中的应用，认为将奈达的对等翻译理论应用于中英双语新闻翻译中，将是一个值得研究与探讨的课题。
Based on the expounding of Nida’s concepts of language and culture,this paper analyzes the bas-ic concepts of Nida’s theory systematically and completely through three aspect of “formal equivalence”,“dynamic equivalence”,and “functional equivalence”,expounds the responses of scholars from translation circles and the application of the theory in the practices,and points out that the application of Nida’s theo-ry in Chinese-English news translation is a deserving topic.

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运用奈达的功能对等理论,从语义对等、风格对等和读者反映三方面通过举例来逐一对许渊冲的《离骚》英译本和霍克斯的《离骚》英译本进行比较研究。通过比较研究可以发现各个译本的得失,领略两位译者不同的汉英翻译技巧,许译本更加注重形式对等,而霍译本更加注重语意对等和读者反映。对于《离骚》这样的典籍,两位译者的翻译都有不完美之处,只有肯定功能对等对汉英翻译实践的指导作用,同时在注重功能对等的同时更加注重形式对等,才能使译本得到更多读者的认同。
Li Sao written by Qu Yuan has many translated versions.With Eugene Nida′s function-al equivalence theory,this paper intends to compare Xu Yuanchong′s translated version of Li Sao and that of David Hawkes from the aspects of meaning equivalence,style equivalence and target readers′responses by virtue of citing examples.In this way,we could find individual advantages and disadvantages of the two translated versions and appreciate different translating techniques of the two translators.Xu Yuchong put much emphasis on formal equivalence,yet Hawkes set score on meaning equivalence and readers′responses.To make the translations of classical work Li Sao to be perfect and appeal to more readers,we advocate that functional equivalence theory should and must apply to Chinese to English translation;furthermore,formal equivalence should be val-ued as well as functional equivalence.

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尤金·奈达从语言学的角度出发，根据翻译的本质，提出了著名的“动态对等”理论，后发展为“功能对等”理论。功能对等不仅包括词汇意义上的对等，还包括语义、风格和文化的对等，只有当译文从语言形式到文化内涵都再现了源语言的风格和精神时，译作才能被称作是优秀的作品。运用功能对等理论，以《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》两种中译本为研究对象，从意义、风格、文化三个方面对其进行对比分析，探讨如何在文学翻译的过程中实现功能对等，从而论证功能对等理论对文学作品翻译的指导意义。
According to the nature of translation, Eugene A. Nida puts forward the famous theory of Dynamic Equivalence from the linguistic point of view, which later develops into Functional Equivalence Theory. Functional equivalence includes not only lexical equivalence, but also semantic, stylistic and cultural equivalence. A translation can be regarded as a good one only if it achieves functional equivalence in meaning and style. In light of Functional Equivalence Theory, the author makes a comparative study of two Chinese versions of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Through analysis of corresponding excerpts from three per-spectives, namely, meaning, style and culture, the paper discusses how to achieve functional equivalence in process of literary translation and testifies that Functional Equivalence Theory is instructive and meaningful to literary translation.

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尤金·奈达的“动态对等”原则被很多学者推崇为评判译文质量优劣的标准以及翻译的最终目标。将“动态对等”翻译理论引入中医翻译实践中，可以较好地解决中医翻译中形式对等和意义对等往往难以兼顾这一问题。“动态对等”原则在中医翻译中具体可以应用于词、语句、语篇翻译三个方面。
Dynamicequivalencehasbeenregardedasthestandardtojudgewhetheratranslationisgoodor notsinceitisfirstputforwardbyDr.EugeneA.Nida.Inthispaper,thisprincipleisappliedtosolvethe problemsintheEnglishtranslationoftraditionalChinese Medicine.Thevalidityoftheprincipleisana-lyzedfromtheperspectivesofthetranslationofterms,sentencesandtexts.

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文章提出对等的相对原则，侧重描写性方法，应用概念合成和其他相关认知理论，描写术语译名出现的对等不一致、对等不准确和对等错误的认知过程，指出译者的不同认知方式，已有知识的调停性质和经验建构的直觉模式等因素是产生这三种翻译问题的主要原因。
Based on relative equivalence principle, descriptive method, applied conceptual theories and other related cognitive theories, the author puts forward three types of problems in term translation, which are inconsistency, inaccuracy and incorrectness in terms of equivalence. The author also points out that these three types of problems can be mainly attributed to different cognitive patterns, the mediation of the existing knowledge and the instinctive patterns of the experiential construction. For solving the problems, the author proposes that translators must readjust their cognitive patterns, which should appropriately applied to the fun-damental changes that are required by term translation and that can transform the existing term translation practice.

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在习语范畴内，本文尝试给出了“语义逻辑”的定义。受语内多个习语表达相同的语用意义的现象启发，本文从“全面对等”、“指称意义部分不一致”和“指称意义完全不一致”三个层面分析了英汉对等习语（语用意义相同或相近的英汉习语）的语义逻辑，认为英汉对等习语的对等性就是基于语际语义逻辑的共同性。语际共同语义逻辑是英汉对等习语相同语义生成的基础。
Within idiom category, the deifnition of semantic logic is given. With the inspiration by multiple idioms expressing the same pragmatic connotation, semantic logic of English and Chinese equivalent idioms which have the same or close pragmatic connotation is analyzed from three levels-complete equivalence, partial difference in designative meaning and complete difference in designative meaning. And it is deduced that equivalency of English and Chinese equivalent idioms is based on commonality of interlingual semantic logic and interlingual common semantic logic is the foundation of the same semantic generation of English and Chinese equivalent idioms.

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在云对等网络中在线异常点的实时搜索和准确检测关系云对等网络的稳定和安全,由于云对等网络的在现异常点检测受到大量对等合法数据的干扰,网络波动幅度不大,检测困难。提出一种基于密度部分存储优化的云对等网络在线异常点检测算法,通过计算局部节点数据的在线时间复杂度实现对路由交换数据序列的初始特征和先验信息的预估计,适当增大存储空间开销来换取时间效率,实现零跳搜索和对异常点的准确检测。研究结果表明,采用该算法进行云对等网络的异常点检测,检测准确率大幅提高,执行开销降低,保证了对云对等网络安全性,提高了动态监测能力。
In the cloud peer-to-peer network, the real time search and accurate detection of abnormal point is key for the stability and security of the network, it is affected by a lot of interfere with legitimate data, and the network fluctuation range is not big. The detection is difficult. An improved online abnormal point detection algorithm is proposed based on density storage optimization, the local node data online time complexity is calculated for estimating the initial feature and a priori information of routing switching data. The storage space is increased for getting the time efficiency. The zero hop search and accurate detection are realized. Simulation results show that the algorithm can improve the detection accuracy greatly, the execution time is reduced, and security of cloud peer-to-peer network is ensured, the dynamic monitoring abili-ty is improved.

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尤金·A·奈达是美国著名的语言学家、翻译家，提出了功能对等翻译理论。本文以《月夜》三个英译本作为研究对象，从诗歌的韵律、词汇、句子层面分析三个译文的功能对等，体现功能对等翻译理论在诗歌翻译中的指导意义。
Eugene A.Nida, a famous American linguist and trans-lator, proposed a translation theory, which is called Functional E-quivalence. This paper focuses on the three English versions of"The Moon Night"and analyzes the representations of functional equivalence from rhymes, words and stanzas to reflect the guiding significance of Functional Equivalence Theory in the translation of poetry.

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