蒙德里安是几何抽象画派的先驱，与德士堡等组织“风格派”，提倡自己的艺术“新造型主义”。认为艺术应根本脱离自然的外在形式，以表现抽象精神为目的，追求人与神统一的绝对境界，亦即今日我们熟知的“纯粹抽象”。蒙德里安早年画过写实的人物和风景，后来逐渐把树木的形态简化成水平与垂直线的纯粹抽象构成，从内省的深刻观感与洞察里，创造普遍的现象秩序与均衡之美。他崇拜直线美，主张透过直角可以静观万物内部的安宁。

The Mondrian is the pioneer of geometric abstract art school, and Texaco Fort organizations such as the “de Stijl”, to promote the art of “new shape”. That art should be out of the external form of the natural fundamental to the performance of the abstract spirit, the pursuit of the absolute realm of man and God unified that is, today we know the “purely abstract”. Mondrian early years of painting realistic figures and landscapes, then gradually the shape of the trees to simplify the purely abstract composition of horizontal and vertical line, where the from introspective profound perception and insight, to create a common phenomenon in order and balanced. He worship a straight line, advocated through at right angles to the contemplation of all things internal tranquility.

在我国美术院校的艺术教学中，素描教学一直是造型艺术学科的一个重要课题。素描是最直接的造型艺术形式，以培养学生的造型能力为宗旨，学生自觉地、创造性地学习具象绘画的艺术精髓，在艺术实践中不断加深和提高艺术审美能力和艺术表现能力，提升他们的艺术思维能力、想象力、创造力以及敏锐的观察力和准确的判断力。现代抽象素描，它依托于西方现代主义，以形式的创造力、艺术的感知力为表现标准，要求学生以素描的理念为指导，把培养艺术思维观念纳入教学范畴。现代素描丰富了写实性素描的表现理念，有着更广泛的形的美学含义，但其基础还是写实素描，只有在写实素描的基础上，让学生多方位、多角度地去思考造型和表现意识，才能使艺术思维和创造潜能得到充分发挥。

Sketch teaching is always an important subject of plastic art among art teaching of art colleges in China. Sketch is a most direct plastic art form, aims to cultivate the modeling capacity of student. Through conscious and creative study of consciousness essence of representational painting, the students can continually strengthen and improve their aesthetic ability and artistic ability, enhance their artistic thinking ability, imagination, creativity, and sharp observation and accurate judgment. Modern abstract sketch relies on the Western Modernism and regards creativity of form and artistic sensibilities as the performance standards. It guides the student with sketch idea, and brings cultivation of artistic thinking concept into teaching category. Modern sketch enriches the performance concept of realistic sketch, with wider creation of from aesthetic meaning, but its base is still realistic sketch. Only let them thinking the modeling and performance consciousness with different ang

手摇纺车作为手工时代的纺纱工具已经不再使用，而只是作为非物质文化遗产的一种形态存放在博物馆中。但其构造和设计理念所体现的生活精神、文化价值和审美内涵，却是需要重视和研究的，尤其是今天从事设计工作的人员，更需要对其有一个深层次的了解。要研究手摇纺车造型与设计的极简主义，研究手摇纺车的就地取材与设计的本土化，研究手摇纺车的安装拆卸与人性化的设计，研究手摇纺车材料运用和设计的科学性。

The hand spinning wheel is regarded as production tools in hand-era tapestry of arts and crafts which is no longer used except as a form of intangible cultural heritage and stored in cultural museums. But its structure and design concepts embodied in the spirit of life, cultural values and aesthetic connotations, is still valuable for people to learn and understand. The present research includes understanding the hand spinning wheel shape’s simple and minimalist design, the localization of materials and design of hand-spinning wheel, convenience of installation and removal and the current human nature design of hand spinning wheel, the scientiifc in application material and design of the hand spinning wheel, etc.