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双语推荐：案例

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案例教学是以真实情境或事件为题材，引导学生主动参与学习活动的一种教学方法，在科学教育领域日益受到关注。科学课堂中适用的案例类型主要有指导型案例、即时性案例、分析型案例、两难型案例、阶段式案例和实验室案例，各有与其相适应的教学策略。在此基础上运用美国国家科学教育案例教学中心网站的资源进行了案例教学设计与评析。科学教育案例的开发、使用与共享是案例教学有效应用的基础，此外科学教育要转变教学观念，提供合适的案例教学培训课程以应对案例教学对理科教师的挑战。
Case-based teaching is a teaching method which is based on real situation and cases , and is in-creasingly concerned in science education field .Cases in science classes can be divided into types such as guiding cases, instant cases, analyzing cases, dilemma cases, phase cases and laboratory cases , which have their corre-sponding teaching strategies .On this basis, the author designed teaching cases and made comment according to the resources from American national case -based teaching center website .The development , usage and sharing of ca-ses in science education are the base of effective application of case -based teaching .In addition , teaching view-points should be changed , appropriate training courses of case -based teaching should be applied to reply the challenge of case-based teaching to science teachers .

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计量经济学是一门综合性和应用性较强的课程，构建理论教学、案例教学与实验教学相结合的课程教学体系，对于培养经济应用型人才具有举足轻重的作用。在案例教学模式下，计量经济学案例库的建设非常重要。本科层次的计量经济学案例库建设流程包括案例库建设计划、教学案例撰写、案例库维护、案例教学实践及教学案例完善等，应根据不同的专业背景、不同的学历层次对案例库进行管理。
Econometrics as an integrated and applied courses, the teaching system of theoretical teaching, case-based teaching, and experimental teaching plays an important role on promoting students to become economical applied talents. This paper emphasizes the importance of econometric case library construction under Case-based Teaching. According to construction plans of the case library, writing teaching case, maintenance of case library, Case-based teaching practice and improvement of teaching cases, this paper analyzes construction process of econometric case library on undergraduate level, and puts forward that it should manage the case library according to different professional backgrounds, different educational levels.

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西方经济学教学中，重理论教学、轻案例教学，而且本土案例资源缺乏，因此有必要进行西方经济学案例教学的本土化，使案例教学的内容和方式更适应国内的情况。本文介绍了简单课堂举例与综合案例讨论相结合、小组案例讨论与个人案例分析报告相结合的本土化案例教学方式。最后提出要加强学校的支持、提高教师素质、建设本土化案例库等建议。
Western economics teaching, focus on teaching the theory, light case teaching, case and the lack of local re-sources, it is necessary to carry out the localization of Western economics case teaching, case teaching content and me-thods to make more adapted to the domestic situation. This article describes a simple example of classroom discussions combined with the integrated case, group discussions and individual case reports case studies combining localization case teaching method. Finally, to strengthen support for schools to improve the quality of teachers, libraries, etc. loc-alization case construction proposal.

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将案例教学引入西方经济学课程，能够更好地培养学生的经济学思维方式。本文依据西方经济学的三种案例教学组织类型即知识背景型案例教学、理论阐释型案例教学、理论应用型案例教学，从案例教学目标设置、案例设计、组织实施过程以及效果评价环节等方面对案例教学的组织模式进行了探讨。
The introduction of case teaching in western economics course can make students have better economic think-ing way. Using three kinds of organization types of case teaching:case teaching of knowledge background, case teaching of theory explanation and case teaching of theory application, this paper explored the organization mode of case teaching from points of the goal setting of case teaching, case design, organization and implementation of case teaching, the effect evaluation.

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案例检索是基于案例推理系统的核心。本文结合划分聚类思想,分析了案例库划分原则及案例聚类规则,重点论述了在划分聚类基础上的案例检索算法。根据实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地提高案例检索效率以及案例库的可维护性。
Case retrieval is the core of the case-based reasoning system.This paper,combined with the idea of partitioned clustering,analyzed the principle of case base partition as well as the principle of case clustering and mainly discussed the algorithm of case retrieval on the basis of partitioned clustering.The results of an experiment show that this method can effectually enhance the efficiency of case retrieval and the maintainability of case base.

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最高人民法院和最高人民检察院刑事指导性案例迄今共17个。通过文本分析发现,一部分案例确有助于解决司法疑难,但也发现很多问题:政策性案例过多,释法性案例不足,部分案例选择不当;案例文本对案情介绍不充分;与案例相关的诉讼文书及主要证据亟需专门公开;发布者对文本的编辑权限亟需界定;高检案例"要旨"部分在进行事实上的刑事立法;高检选择下级法院裁判生效的案例作为指导案例,侵犯了法院的裁判权。未来案例的选择、编辑及公开,需做大量改革,以使其更好地发挥指导功能。
There are 17 criminal Guidance-Cases published by the Supreme Court and the Supreme Procu-ratorate up till now.Textual analyses showed that some cases are really helpful for solving judicial problems. But it also disclosed a great number of problems as follows:there are too many policy-orientated cases;the in-terpretation of the law is inadequate;some cases are poorly chosen;case descriptions are far from sufficient;major litigation documents and evidence related to the case are yet to be made public;editing permissions ur-gently need to be defined;the“gist”section of the Guidance-Cases of Supreme Procuratorate is actually crimi-nal legislation;the Supreme Procuratorate selected sample cases decided by the court,which has violated the court’s jurisdiction.Given all these problems,reforms shall be made in case selection,editing and publication in order for them to play a better guiding function in the future.

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案例教学是当下思想政治课教学中被普遍采用的方法。对于案例的选取,要注意以下原则:案例应该亲近化;案例应尽可能近期化,具有时代感;案例应尽可能选取大家都有可能关注的热点;适当的运用学生搜集来的案例;尽可能选与学生兴趣、爱好相关的案例;选取的案例应符合典型性和浅显易懂相结合的原则。
The case teaching method is widely used at present in ideological and political lesson. For case selection, pay attention to the following principles:the case should be close;case should as far as possible the recent, has sense of the times;should as far as possible hotspots everyone may concern;the appropriate use of students to collect the case;as far as possible to select the related case students interest;should be consistent with the typical and easy to understand the principle.

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案例研究和案例教学是国外情报学与执法情报领域开展情报分析研究及教学的重要工具。在内涵、特点、程序、要义等方面对比案例研究与案例教学差异的基础上,应遵循案例研究与教学的基本规律,加强我国公安情报分析本土化案例研究与教学,建构公安情报分析理论,创新公安情报分析方法,加快公安情报分析案例库建设,提高课堂案例教学质量,推动案例教学评估标准化、制度化建设,不断提高公安情报分析案例研究与教学的能力和水平。
Case study research and case method teaching are important tools for intelligence analysis research and teaching in intelligence studies and law enforcement intelligence. From the aspects of connotation, characteristics, procedures and essentials, the differences be-tween case study research and case method teaching are compared. It is argued that we should follow the basic rules of case research and teaching to strengthen localized case research and teaching of public security intelligence analysis, establish the theory of public security in-telligence analysis, innovate public security intelligence analysis methods, accelerate the construction of public security intelligence analysis case database, improve classroom case teaching quality, and promote the construction of standardization and institutionalization in case teaching evaluation. The ultimate goal is to continuously improve the ability and level of case study research and case method teaching of public security intelligence

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基于Web的农村医疗卫生案例库系统,是实施案例教学、提高我国百万乡村医生职业素质的根本保证,其建设内容主要包括:确定病种,收集典型案例,确定案例数据格式,开发基于Web的案例库系统;阐述了系统建设中的案例收集、案例的数据结构、检索算法三项关键因素的解决方案,最后给出了保证案例库建设要做到可持续性发展的建议。
Web-based rural medical and health case library system is the fundamental guarantee to implement case teaching, and improve the professional quality of millions of rural doctors in China. The construction content mainly includes identification of diseases, collection of typical cases, determination of case data format, development of Web-based case library system; explanation of solution to key factors of case collection, case data structure and retrieval algorithm in the construction of the system; and finally giving suggestions on sustainable development to guarantee the construction of case library.

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案例教学法是一种创新的教学方法，本文通过作者对案例教学法的理解，论述了案例教学法的特点和案例教学引入设计管理的可能性，介绍了案例教学法在设计管理教学中的实践，最后得出实施案例教学法的体会。
The case didactics is an innovative teaching method. Firstly, this paper analyzes the characteristics of case didactics and its applicability in design management teaching based on the authors'' understanding of case didactics. Secondly, this paper in-troduces the teaching practice about the application of case di-dactics to design management. Finally, this paper presents the authors'' experience of case didactics practice.

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