中美《桐油借款合约》是抗战初期美国对华的首次援助,增强了中国军民抗战的信心。为了偿还借款,国民政府对桐油实施统购统销,湘西的桐油业在这一时期种植面积增加,传统的运输路线发生改变,交易系统亦发生重大变化。中美签订"桐油借款"之后,传统的湘西桐油业发生了很大改变。

“The Tung Oil Loan Contract” of China and the United States was the first help to China in the early Anti - Japanese War . It reinforced Chinese soldiers and civilians'' confidence of the war .The monopoly for purchase and marketing was carried out by National Government because of balance the loan .The tung oil acreage increased ,the traditional transportation route was changed , trading system has also been greatly changed of Xiangxi tung oil during this period .The traditional of Xiangxi tung oil has changed a lot after “The Tung Oil Loan Contract” of China and the United States .

以十五烷酸甲酯为内标物,建立了通过气相色谱仪定量分析桐油中6种脂肪酸含量的方法,并利用所建立的方法对湖北金丝、景阳桐油的脂肪酸组成进行分析。结果表明:各脂肪酸甲酯工作曲线线性相关性R2在0.979以上,回收率为98.9%~104.5%,RSD值为4.6%~7.3%;2种品种桐油中都含有棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、α-桐酸,其中金丝桐油中含量分别为0.018、0.019、0.071、0.069、0.003、0.729 g/g,景阳桐油中含量分别为0.021、0.022、0.054、0.070、0.002、0.585 g/g,金丝桐油中α-桐酸含量高于景阳桐油。

The quantitative analysis methods of fatty acids, i.e. C16:0, C18, C18:1-9c, C18:2-9c12c, C18:3-9c12c15c, C18:3-9z11e13e in Chinese tung oils were developed by gas chromatography using methyl pentadecanoate as the internal standard. Then, two Chinese tung oils from Jingyang and Jinsi cultivars were analyzed by the methods. The results show that the correlation coefficients (R2) of all the linear regression equations of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) of above fatty acid standards were higher than 0.979;the recoveries were from 98.9%to 104.5%, the RSDs were from 4.6%to 7.3%;the fatty acid contents of Jingyang and Jinsi tung oils were 0.021, 0.022, 0.054, 0.070, 0.002, 0.585 g/g and 0.018, 0.019g, 0.071, 0.069, 0.003, 0.729 g/g of C16:0, C18, C18:1-9c, C18:2-9c12c, C18:3-9c12c15c, C18:3-9z11e13e, respectively, measured with the method, the content of C18:3-9z11e13e of Jinsi tung oil was higher than that of Jingyang tung oil, which means that Jinsi tung oil has a better quality.

通过氢氧化钾‐甲醇溶液对桐油中的脂肪酸进行酯交换反应甲酯化，采用GC‐M S联用技术对脂肪酸甲酯进行了分析鉴定，鉴定了桐油中α‐桐酸、β‐桐酸、油酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸等13种桐油脂肪酸组分。通过比较各产地桐油中的脂肪酸成分含量，结果表明，油中桐酸含量具有较大的差异，桐酸含量介于70．03％～82．00％之间；不同产地桐油中α‐桐酸、β‐桐酸、油酸、亚油酸等单个组分的脂肪酸也存在一定的差异，说明不同桐油中脂肪酸含量具有一定的产地特征。

The main kinds of fatty acids in tung oil were identified by GC‐MS ,which were react with the potsssium hydroxide‐methyl alcohol solution ,and 13 kinds of fatty acid were identified ,including α‐eleostearic acid ,β‐eleostearic acid ,Oleic acid ,Linoleic acid ,Stearic acid ,Palmitic acid ,etc .Comparing the contents of the fatty acid in tung oil ,the results shows that Eleostearic acid in the tung oil from dif‐ferent regions has large difference ,and the contents of Eleostearic acid was between 70 .03%‐82 .00% , and the single fatty acids including α‐eleostearic acid ,β‐eleostearic acid ,Oleic acid ,Linoleic acid was also different ,the data suggested the content of fatty acid in Tung Oil has origin Characteristics .

利用TG-DTG技术在不同升温速率下研究了本实验室所制备的两种桐油多元醇的热分解行为,并通过Kissinger法确定了热分解动力学参数.结果表明:在氮气气氛下随着升温速率的增加,桐油多元醇的热分解温度提高;醇解桐油多元醇的热失重过程分为两个阶段,胺解桐油多元醇的热失重过程则分为3个阶段;通过不同实验数据拟合得到反应活化能(E)和频率因子(A),为桐油多元醇在聚氨酯等方面的应用提供了相关理论依据.

The thermal decomposition behaviors of Hydroxylated Tung Oils(HTOs) were studied by thermogravi-metric analysis under different heating rates. The Kissinger method was used to determine pyrolysis kinetic parameters of HTOs. Experimental results showed that there were two thermal degradation stages for HTO from alcoholysis in nitrogen,yet three temperature degradation stages for HTO from aminolysis. The activation energy (E) and frequency factor(A) were obtained by using differential methods to fit experimental data,providing a theoretical basis for the application of HTOs in polyurethane.

桐油酸是一种重要的桐油衍生物,主要用于涂料领域,提高涂膜的性能。研究了溶剂皂化酸化法制备桐油酸的工艺条件。适宜的工艺条件为:桐油在甲醇与水的混合溶剂中进行皂化反应,溶剂比V(甲醇)∶V(水)为2∶1,物料比n(桐油)∶n(KOH)为1∶3.5,在75℃下皂化反应1.5 h。桐油酸产品收率为98.2%,酸值为199.8 mg/g。

Eleostearic acid is a kind of important derivative of Tung oil and is mainly used in coating fields to improve the performance of coating films. The preparation conditions of eleostearic acid by solvent-saponification and acidification were investigated. The experimental results show that the optimum preparation conditions for eleostearic acid were as follows. The saponification of Tung oil took place in mixed solvent with V(methanol)︰V(water) is 2︰1, molar ratio n(Tung oil)∶n(KOH) is 1∶3.5, 75℃for 1.5 hours. Eleostearic acid’s yield would reach 98.2%with acid value 199.8 mg KOH/g under the optimum conditions.