主要对瓦斯灾害的发生因素及预抽技术进行概述，并进一步阐述高瓦斯及突出矿井瓦斯灾害的分级处理技术，为瓦斯治理提供参考。

Mainly describes the causing factors of gas disasters and pre-drainage technology, and elaborates the stage treatment technology of gas disasters for highly gassy and outburst mines further, to provide reference for gas control.

灾害性天气对电力系统运行的影响越来越大。参考气象部门灾害性天气的预警等级划分,根据灾害天气发生地区线路跳闸后对系统的影响程度(即风险等级),将南方电网主网500 kV线路划分等级,并将线路风险等级与气象预警等级结合起来编制电力气象预警,对灾害性天气分级预警预防,在实际运用中取得较好效果。

Now severe weather endangers the electric power system strongly.According to the early-warning level of severe weather, 500 kV lines of the power grid are graded based on the risk when they tripped because of the severe weather.Then, meteorological early-warning of the electric power system is issued based on the severe weather level and the line level.

利用模糊多属性决策的相关理论方法对水电工程地震灾害应急工作的快速动态分级进行研究,建立多维地震应急指标体系,提出基于三角模糊数的应急响应动态模糊分级方法。该方法经2005年1月26日云南省思茅地震案例检验与专家评定等级一致,表明该指标体系与数学模型的分级结果在水电工程地震应急工作中的应用是可信的。

We used fuzzy multi attribute decision makinf to dynamic classify the earthquake disaster emerfency response of hydropower enfineer-inf. We constructed multiple dimensional index system of earthquake emerfency. Also,we proposed the method of dynamic fuzzy classification based on trianfle fuzzy numbers. In addition,this method was in accordance with expert’s evaluatinf in Simao earthquakes in Yunnan Province on January 26,2005. We draw the conclusion that this multiple dimensional index system and classification results of mathematical model are reliable in earthquake emerfency response of hydropower enfineerinf.

根据新疆石河子垦区莫索湾气象站1961~2009年高温资料,运用气候统计分析方法,对莫索湾的高温时间序列进行了分析,在此基础上通过计算高温异常指数,对其高温天气的危害性进行了评估排序与分级研究。结果表明,莫索湾高温日数整体上没有明显的变化趋势。20世纪60年代、70年代末至90年代中期2个时段的高温日数呈下降趋势,而20世纪90年代中后期至2000年期间呈上升趋势;高温日数的年代际变化为"单峰型"特征;6~8月为高温的多发时段,其中7月出现高温的天数最多;高温天气过程造成的灾害影响评价,应着重考虑高温日数、持续时间和强度3个方面。根据月高温异常指数定义,通过排序分级,得出莫索湾高温评估情况为:排在第1位的1974年7月高温天气过程为"50 a一遇",第10位的1987年8月高温天气过程为"5 a一遇"。运用排序分级进行的莫索湾高温灾害评估方法,能够客观反映其高温灾害天气的分布特征,且可操作性强,为今后高温灾害评估业务提供很好的参考。

Based on high temperature data at Mosuowan weather station of Shihezi agricultural areas in Xinjiang during 1961-2009, the days of high temperature was analyzed by using climatic statistic method. And on this basis,an impact evaluation of high tempera-ture was studied by sorting and grading anomaly indexes of high temperature. The results show that high temperature days fluctuated from 9 d to 57 d from 1961 to 2009 in Mosuowan,and the trend was not obvious in the whole. The days of high temperature decreased in the 1960s and from the late 1970s to the middle 1990s,and increased from the late 1990s to 2000. The decadal variation of high temperature presented single peak. The high temperature process occurred from June to August,and the days of high temperature was most in July. Furthermore,the days,duration and intensity of high temperature should be considered in the process of the disaster e-valuation caused by high temperature weather. The evaluation of high temperature calculated by

目的探讨地震灾害医学救援的分级救治。方法以国家级紧急医学救援队在芦山地震医学救援中的救治实践为基础，回顾分析芦山地震医学救援的分级救治。结果地震发生后多个医疗救援队迅速集结灾区。截止4月30日共救治伤员达25176人，其中门诊治疗18611人，住院治疗6565人，重伤及危重伤977人。结论三级救治是芦山地震医疗救援工作的主要模式，其中一、二级救治是关键环节，成就了医学救治的“芦山模式”。

Objective To explore the grading medical services performed in Lushan where the earthquake occurred. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the grading medical rescue services which the national emergency rescue team performed at Lushan earthquake. Results As of 4/30, ten days after the earthquake occurred, the record showed that a total of 25,176 wounded received medical service, including 18,611 for outpatient, 6,565 for hospitalization, and 977 in critical condition. The effort was attributed to the three-grade medical services-the rescue in the field;triaging and treatment at the local medical facilities, and transporting those critical wounded to comprehensive hospitals. Conclusion Lushan model has been created with a primary aim at the first and second grades which require timely solution.