考虑爆炸波和爆生气体时程荷载，采用 FLAC3D 有限差分动力模块，模拟了衰减规律不同的爆生气体对高应力高瓦斯低透煤层深孔爆破裂纹扩展的影响。其中，随裂纹扩展的时间和速度而衰减的爆生气体时程荷载，既作用在炮孔壁上又作用在爆生裂纹表面。研究结果表明：爆生气体在深埋高应力低透气性煤层深孔爆破致裂过程中起主要的驱动作用，煤层增透的效果随爆生气体衰减速度的降低而显著增加；高量爆生气体的低爆速炸药的研发对高应力高瓦斯低透煤层深孔爆破增透的现实意义重大。

Using dynamic module of FLAC3D and applying time-histories load of blasting wave and detonation gas, influence of detona-tion gas with different attenuation rule on fissure extension of coalseam with high-stress and low-permeability by deep-hole blasting was simulated. The time-histories load of detonation gas which attenuated with time and speed of fissure extension was exerted on bore-hole wall and fissure faces. Results showed that detonation gas played main activation role in fissure extension of coalseam with high-stress and low-permeability. The effect of increasing coalseam permeability observably rose with attenuation speed of detonation gas fell. It is very important that developing explosive with low detonation velocity which can produce large amount of detonation gas for increasing permeability of coalsam with high-stress and low-permeability.

针对大型战斗部高安全性、高可靠性的起爆要求，设计了一种以冲击片雷管起爆传爆药柱的直列式传爆序列，分析了试验用冲击片雷管的起爆感度，并对冲击片雷管在静态以及动态条件下的传爆性能进行了试验验证。结果表明：冲击片雷管在70℃、-40℃、常温以及1．6mm的传爆间隙条件下，能够可靠起爆聚黑传爆药柱；在高速740m／s、低速370m／s条件下传爆序列能够可靠传爆并作用，试验结果说明冲击片雷管的起爆陛能满足大型战斗部的要求。

For high reliability and security of initiation technology of large warhead, the in-line explosive train was designed, which was initiated by slapper detonator. The initiation sensitivity of slapper detonator used in the experiment was analyzed, and the booster performance of slapper detonator under static and dynamic conditions was tested. The results show that the slapper detonator can reliably initiate RDX-booster under 1.6mm transfer intervals, as well as under 70 ℃,-40 ℃,room temperature conditions. Meanwhile, the slapper detonator can reliably initiate RDX-booster and explosives under high-speed, low-speed dynamic conditions. The study indicated the slapper detonator can meet with the initiation requirements of large warhead.

在内径为0.2m、高5.4m的大型立式激波管内,同时对液体燃料和黑索金(RDX)粉末进行抛撒,采用底部直接起爆,得到了RDX-液体燃料-空气三相体系的爆压和爆速,利用烟熏技术得到了爆轰波的胞格结构、尺寸及长宽比。结果表明:90#溶剂油-空气两相体系的平均爆压为5~6 MPa,可以将其作为燃料-空气炸药的主燃料;向该燃料中添加硝酸异丙酯(IPN)可以降低其临界起爆能,添加RDX能够提高体系的爆速和爆压。此外,通过理论分析结合实验验证得出,多相爆轰的临界起爆能和爆轰胞格尺寸之间存在与气相爆轰类似的关系。

Liquid fuel and RDX dust were dispersed at the same time in a detonation tube with an inner diameter of 200 mm and length of 5.4 m,and the cloud formed was initiated by high explosive from the bottom.Detonation pressure and velocity were obtained by the pressure measurement system,and photos and detonation cell were got by smoke trace technology.The results indicate that the 90 # sol-vent oil-air cloud detonation pressure is 5-6 MPa,which means the 90 # solvent oil can be used as a main fuel of fuel-air explosive.By adding isopropyl nitrate (IPN),its critical initiation energy can be lowered,and by adding RDX the detonation pressure and velocity can be raised.The calculation and experimental verification also found a link between the critical initiation energy and detonation cell size of multi-phase detonation which is similar with the gaseous detonation.

通过自主研发的岩爆模拟试验装置对大尺寸试件进行岩爆试验,研究不同加卸载路径下产生岩爆碎屑的质量和形状分布特征,探讨试件发生岩爆的烈度与碎屑分形维数的关系。结果表明:(1)大尺寸试件在不同加卸载条件下产生的碎屑形状分布不同,碎屑量不同;(2)大尺寸试件岩爆的碎屑具有分形特征;(3)试件在低围压环境卸载时,岩爆碎屑的分形维数值比其在高围压环境下卸载时的大,岩爆储存能量相对较少,岩爆烈度相对也小;(4)在相同围压下卸载时,试件所受的竖向加载速率越大,试件产生的岩爆范围相对越小,试件岩爆时所受竖向荷载值相对越小,岩爆碎屑的大块率相对越少,分形维数值相对越大。

Rockburst tests on specimens of large-diameter using the device developed were carried out under different loading and unloading conditions. The weight distribution and the fractal characteristics of rock fragments after rockburst,and the relationship between the rockburst intensity and the fractal characteristics were studied. The fragments from specimens of large-diameter after each test were found to have different shapes and quantities. The fragments from specimens of large-diameter have fractal characteristics. The fractal dimension of fragments from the unloading tests of low confining pressure is larger than that of high confining pressure. Accordingly,the dissipation energy required is comparatively smaller and the intensity of rockburst produced is relatively smaller. The range of rockburst decreases as the increasing of the loading rate if the confining pressure is the same. The number of fragments of large size is small if the vertical loading is small,while the fractal dime

建立了一种评估炸药作功能力的新测试方法——金属薄板炸坑法,对典型高爆炸药、含铝炸药及含铝和高氯酸氨(AP)的混合炸药的作功能力进行了测试,并研究了铜薄板变形与炸药爆轰参数之间的关系。结果表明:金属薄板炸坑法能很好地测试各类炸药的作功能力,金属薄板深度和体积的TNT当量和综合考虑爆速和爆热贡献计算得到TNT当量的排序一致,测试相对标准偏差最大仅为1.17%。该方法简便、准确、实用,可广泛用于各种炸药的作功能力的测试与评估研究。

A new test method,metal sheet crater method,has been established for power assessment of high explo-sives,by which power of typical high explosive,aluminized explosive and composite explosive containing aluminum and AP was tested. The relationship between deformation of copper sheet and detonation parameters of explosive was also researched in this study. The results show that the metal sheet crater method can be a good test for evaluating the work ability of various explosives. The TNT equivalent of depth and volume of the metal sheet crater sorts the same order with the TNT equivalent calculated by detonation velocity and heat,with a lower relative standard deviations by 1. 17%. The method is simple,accurate,and practical which could be applied with satisfaction to the power determination of a variety of high explosives.