提出了一种水平起飞吸气式组合动力飞行器的爬升轨迹设计方法。将爬升轨迹分为起飞爬升段、等动压段和等热流段，分别考虑过载、动压、热流约束，在高度-速度剖面内给出了轨迹设计的约束边界，以及3个飞行段的爬升轨迹设计方法，并利用反馈线性化方法设计了参考轨迹的跟踪制导律。仿真结果表明，参考轨迹能够满足各种飞行约束，可准确跟踪，为吸气式组合动力飞行器主动段的爬升轨迹提供一种可行的设计方法。

Air-breathing combined cycle propulsion is a promising thruster for aerospace vehicle in the future.Since trajectory has an important influence on the performance of the propulsion, reasonable trajectory design is necessary.Supposing that the aerospace vehicle takes off horizontally and powered by air-breathing combined cycle propulsion, this paper divides the ascent climbing trajectory into three phases: take-off climbing phase, constant dynamic pressure phase and constant heating rate phase.Considering the constraints of load, dynamic pressure and heating rate, we put forward respectively trajectory design methods for the three phases.Finally, the tracking law of the reference trajectory is derived with the feedback linearization method.The simulation results and their analysis show preliminarily that the designed reference trajectory is able to satisfy the constraints and to do tracking well.

某型歼击机翼下挂载大型伴飞摄影吊舱后,其升阻特性发生变化,从而影响飞机爬升性能,这直接关系到飞机试飞安全。本文以此为例,采用工程估算方法计算飞机挂载吊舱后升、阻力系数变化量,然后将飞机无外挂"干净"构形的爬升性能试飞结果与得到的变化量进行叠加计算,得到飞机挂载吊舱后的爬升性能计算结果。计算结果表明,此种快速估算方法计算精度和效率较高,具有很好的工程实用性,对指导飞机改装和试飞有一定的参考价值。

The lift-drag characteristics of a certain type of ifghter changes when mounting a large lfying off photography pod under the wing, which affects the aircraft climbing performance, it is directly related to the safety of aircraft lfight test. As an example, this paper used the engineering estimation method to calculate the lift coefifcient variation, drag coefifcient variation of aircraft mounting a pod. And get the calculation results of climbing performance of aircraft with a mounting pod through the superposition calculation between the obtained variations and the climbing performance test results of “clean” aircraft without pod. The calculation results show that, this fast estimation method has high accuracy and efifciency, good engineering practicability, also it has a certain reference value of guiding the aircraft modiifcation and lfight test.

在航空重力飞行时,针对GT-1A航空重力系统在同一条测线中使用两种爬升率(1 m/s和2 m/s)进行起伏飞行。考察起伏飞行引起的飞机姿态变化对测量数据的影响,以及在航空重力测量中小坡度缓起伏作业的可行性,是笔者的研究目的。试验结果表明,所使用的两种爬升率对航空重力测量数据未有明显影响,GT-1A航空重力系统可以进行缓起伏飞行测量。

Under the condition of airborne gravity drape flying, the authors employed the GT-1A airborne gravity system to explore whether changes in aircraft attitude could affect the airborne gravity data and to test the possibility of applying the slight slope drape fly-ing to gravity survey. The authors collected data from the same line with two kinds of rate of climb ( 1m/s and 2m/s) , and the results showed that there were no significant differences in the airborne gravity data between these two drape flying conditions. The findings im-ply that the GT-1A airborne gravity system could be applied to airborne gravity survey with drape flying.

以大铁沟特大桥为例，介绍了6m长节段液压爬模施工技术。首先阐述了液压爬模技术的原理，然后按照爬模施工的工艺流程：劲性骨架安装、模板拼装、爬锥预埋、模板循环爬升、模板拆除，详细介绍了每一步的施工方法，最后补充说明了测试元件预埋、主筋连接、线型控制、模板变形控制的操作要点。该空心高墩长节段爬模施工技术能较好地解决模板爬升次数多、施工进度缓慢、线型难以控制等关键问题，简化了施工工艺，具有较高的推广应用价值。

Climbing form construction technique of 6 m long segments applied in Datiegou Bridge was introduced. T he principle and procedure of the hydraumatic climbing form construction was demonstrated. T he procedure included rigid frame installation,form works,pre-embedment of climbing cones,cyclic climbing and form dismantlement. T he details of construction were introduced. Also,the test elements pre-embedment,rebar connection,line-type control and form deformation control were discussed. T he climbing from construction introduced in this paper decreased the times of form climbing,accelerated the construction,and provided a solution for the difficulty of linetype control. It is suggested to be applied widely in engineering.

应用常规观测资料、NCEP再分析资料,对比分析了山东两次春季黄淮气旋暴雨落区异同点。发现春季影响山东的黄淮气旋暴雨区集中出现在气旋中心北侧的偏东风中,且主要位于东北气流中。暴雨区偏北的程度,与影响系统的后倾程度及我国东北地区是否存在高压有关。当系统明显后倾时,锋面坡度小,暖湿气流沿锋面向北爬升的更远,暴雨区更偏北;当我国东北地区存在高压时,其南侧东北气流经渤海侵入850 hPa低涡后部,与低涡前东南气流在风向上渐近辐合,在低涡北侧产生辐合中心,从而产生暴雨区。此外,地面东北风形成的冷垫,有利于南方暖湿气流向北爬升。实际暴雨落区预报中,需综合分析系统的空间结构、周围系统的影响及温度场的配置等。

Using the conventional observation data,NCEP reanalysis data,two cases of spring torrential rains in Shandong Peninsula are studied.The results show that the rainfall caused by spring Huang-Huai cyclone in Shandong Peninsula is concentrated in the northern part of the cyclone and mainly located in the northeast air stream.The northerly extent of rainfall areas are related with synoptic backward extent and the existence of the high pressure in Northeast China.When the synoptic system is obviously backward and the frontal slope is small,warm air stream along the front climbs north further and the rainfall moves northerly.If there is a high pressure in Northeast China,northeasterly wind at the southern side of the high invades the vortex at 850 hPa joined by the southeasterly wind.The asymptotic convergence in the northern part of the vortex generates the rainfall.Furthermore,the formation of cold northeasterly air stream is favorable for the climbing of warm air northward.In op