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双语推荐：生物力学基础

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探究中国蒙医整骨术骨折分类及其整复手法生物力学基础.方法:从骨折成因——"受力不当"概念出发,讨论中国蒙医整骨术骨折分类及其整复手法生物力学基础.结果:骨折成因"不当受力"是中国蒙医整骨术骨折分类生物力学基础;而骨折复位"动静合一"、"以力对力"准则是中国蒙医整骨术整复手法生物力学基础.结论:准确理解与运用中国蒙医整骨术骨折分类及其整复手法生物力学基础,可降低诊断误差、提高手法疗效.
Objective:To explore the fracture classification of Chinese Mongolian medical osteopathy and the biome-chanical basis in reduction manipulations. Methods: From the concept that fracture is caused by“improper stress”, the fracture classification of Chinese Mongolian medical osteopathy and the biomechanical basis in its reduction manip-ulations were discussed. Results:The fracture causes of“improper stress”is the biomechanical basis for Chinese Mon-golian osteopathy fracture classification;while the fracture reduction criterion of“unification of movement and motion-lessness”and“force on force”are the biomechanical basis for Chinese Mongolian osteopathy reduction manipulation. Conclusion: Accurate understanding and using Chinese Mongolian osteopathy fracture classification and the biome-chanical basis in its reduction manipulation, can reduce diagnostic errors and improve manipulation efficacy.

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肌骨模型是基于生理学、工程分析和计算机三维图像技术的用于分析人体运动系统中肌肉与骨骼之间相对位置关系的几何模型,是分析人体生物力学特性的基础,由于其在研究人体肌肉骨骼系统生物力学上的优越性而越来越多地被应用.就肌骨模型在膝关节生物力学研究中的应用进展作一综述.
Musculoskeletal model is the geometric model which is based on physiology,engineering analysis and computer 3D image technology and is applied to the analysis of the human body muscle and bone in system of the relative location relationship.It is theoretical basis to the analysis of biomechanics characteristics of human musculoskeletal system,which lead to more and more applications in the research.This paper reviews the research progress about the application of musculoskeletal model in biomechanics research of knee joint.

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该文构建一种人工生物瓣膜模型和血液流体模型，利用罚函数法建立瓣膜与血液间的耦合，利用ANSYS软件分析心循环下人工生物瓣膜力学特性。分析结果表明．应力集中于缝合边与结合边交界处．此种瓣膜应力分布均匀。同时．瓣膜完全开启时间与实际测量数据吻合．血液流速峰值在生理范围内。该模型为提供更加真实心循环下瓣膜力学特性打下基础．为下一步优化设计人工生物瓣膜提供便利。
This paper constructs numerical models of bioprosthetic heart valve and blood. Thefluid solid interaction is carried out using penalty function method. The mechanical property of the bioprosthetic heart valve during cardiac cycle is simulated with ANSYS software. Results show that the Von Mises stress concentrates at the junction of attachment edge and coaptation edge. The open time of bioprosthetic heart valve is consistent with that of actural measurement. The peak velocity of blood is in the range of physiology. This model provides more realistic mechanical property of bioprosthetic heart valve during cardiac cycle compared to pure solid model, and facilitates design and optimization of bioprosthetic heart valve.

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当前运动生物力学方法和手段已经全方位的应用到速滑运动员专项力量训练和科研领域，从运动学、足底动力学、肌电学及肌肉力学的单方面研究，到各种生物力学研究方法和手段的综合应用，都有所体现。从基础力量测试到专项力量分析，基本技术、辅助训练手段的测试分析到专项力量训练器材的研发成果，都证明了运动生物力学在我国速度滑冰专项力量训练和研究中发挥着重要的作用。不足之处主要体现在高水平的科研成果数量不多，综合分析的深度不够，对专项力量训练理论的指导同训练实践结合的不够紧密，缺乏具体可操作化的建议，理论性过强不利于教练员和运动员理解。
The current methods and means of sports biomechanics have a full range of application to the spe-cialized strength training and scientific research of speed skaters , which reflect from the study of kinematics , foot dynamics, muscle electricity and muscle mechanics to the comprehensive application of a variety of bio-mechanics research methods and means .From the basic strength test to the analysis of specialized strength , the analysis of basic technology, the test of auxiliary training means to the research achievement of special-ized strength training equipment , these all prove that sports biomechanics plays an important role in special-ized strength training and research of Chinese speed skating .The shortcomings are mainly as following:high-level research achievements are not much , the depth of comprehensive analysis is not enough , the guide of specialized strength training theory is not close with training practice , lack of operational suggestions and too theoretical does no

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南狮运动是我国南方地区广泛开展的民族传统体育项目，具有广大的群众基础，其发展前景甚为广阔。文章采用等速力量测试系统对广州体育学院12名高水平舞狮运动员进行测试，分析比较南狮运动员膝关节屈伸肌群等速收缩肌群峰力矩、屈伸肌比值（H/Q 或 F/E）、功率（Avg.Power，W）等指标及其肌力的生物力学特征，并应用运动生物力学的原理揭示动作技术特征，旨在为舞狮运动员的选材和教练员的科学训练提供参考依据。
The lion movement is traditional sport developing in the south of China, has a broad mass base, its development prospects are very broad. This paper uses the isokinetic strength testing system to test the 12 high level of lion dance athletes of Guangzhou Sports University, analyzes the lion athletes knee flexor and extensor isokinetic muscle, flexor and extensor peak torque ratio (H/Q or F/E), power (Avg.Power, W) biomechanical characteristics index and muscle force, principle and application of Sports Biomechanics reveal action technical characteristics, aims at providing references for the lion selection of athletes and coaches scientific training.

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目的建立成人颅面复合体三维有限元模型,为进一步研究腭部种植支抗进行上颌扩大的可行性及其与牙支抗的对比研究建立数学模型基础。方法采用螺旋CT断层扫描成年人颅面复合体,计算机图像处理和转录技术,自编程序和ANSYS软件相结合建立颅面复合体的三维有限元模型。结果建立了具有良好几何相似性和生物力学相似性的颅面复合体三维有限元模型。结论模型精确地重建了骨密质和骨松质成分,适合用于上颌快速扩大术(RME)的生物力学分析。
Objective To construct a three-dimensional finite element model of adult craniofacial complex for the further investiga-tion of the feasibility of palatal implant anchorage for RME in adults and the comparative study between the tooth-borne RME and the bone-borne one.Methods Spiral CT was used to scan adult craniofacial complex,and the computer image processing and transcription technique and ANSYS were employed to establish the three dimensional finite element model.Results A three dimensional finite ele-ment model was successfully constructed,which had great geometrical characters and biomechanical similarity.Conclusions This mod-el precisely reconstructed cortical and cancellous bone as what they really are,which is suitable for biomechanical analysis of RME.

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选择人体下肢为研究对象,以袜对人体下肢的压力舒适性为研究目标,采用CT图像建模法建立人体下肢小腿部分的模型,选择相应骨骼肌组织的生物力学模型建立本构关系,建立骨肌生物组织有限元模型,以此分析着袜对人体下肢的压力分布变化状态的量化指标和具体形态,为着袜压感舒适性的研究提供基础数据.
By choosing the human lower limb as the research object and the pressure comfort of socks for human lower limb as the research target, the model of human lower limb is established with the CT image modeling method. The relevant biomechanical model of skeletal muscle and tissue is chosen to establish the constitutive relation , and then the finite element model of lower limb is builded. Based on it, the pressure distribution on the physical model of lower limbs is analyzed to provide basic data for the study on pressure comfort of socks.

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颈动脉粥样硬化（AS）是缺血性脑卒中的重要病理基础，严重危害人类健康。剪应力是在AS的形成、发展，斑块破裂、脱落中有重要作用的生物力学因素。本文对剪应力与动脉粥样硬化关系的研究现状，剪应力检测方式，剪应力在AS形成、发展，以及斑块破裂、脱落中的作用进行综述。
Carotid atherosclerosis is the important pathologic basis of ischemic stroke. It severely impairs human health. Shear stress is the important biomechanical factor in the formation and development of carotid atherosclerosis and rupture of the plaques. The research progress on the detection method of shear stress and the roles of shear stress in the formation and development of carotid atherosclerosis and rupture of the plaques are reviewed in the present paper.

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目的 为支持航天任务中航天员作业能力变化规律方面的研究,建立航天员空间操作人因分析一体化仿真平台.方法 分析了该平台的系统结构,给出了控制流程及软件各部分的详细实现方法,包括认知和生物力学仿真,作业可视化,负荷预测与绩效分析等软件.结果 通过手控交会对接任务作为用例,对平台功能进行了实验验证,实验结果证实了平台的可行性、有效性和实用性.结论 平台的认知和生物力学模型可实现人在回路外的仿真,可对负荷与绩效进行预测及可视化显示,为进一步分析航天员在太空操作能力的变化奠定了技术基础.
Objective To study the changes of astronauts'' operation capacity in long-term space missions,an integrated simulation platform for human factors analysis of astronaut space operations was established.Methods The architecture of the integrated simulation platform was analyzed,and the implementation of each part of the control flow and software platform were given,including management and scheduling subsystem,cognitive process simulation,biomechanical simulation,multiple integrated model communication,task execution process visualization,cognitive workload prediction and performance analysis.Results Taking a rendezvous and docking mission as a case study,the functions of the simulation platform were verified by the experiment,and the experimental results demonstrated that the simulation platform established in this paper was feasible,effective and practical.Conclusion The cognitive system model and biomechanical simulation model provided in the platform can realize the human o

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制备一种新的硬度可变的生物基底材料。通过红外光谱对比分析、吸水称重法、旋转流变仪法、MTT法等实验对壳聚糖/聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶材料的结构、溶胀性、弹性模量、细胞毒性等性能进行测定。将HepG2细胞接种到壳聚糖/聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶基底材料上,24h后对材料上生长的细胞进行形态学观察比较细胞的生长情况。结果发现不同配方制成的壳聚糖/聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶的硬度具有明显梯度差异,具有良好的生物相容性。这种新的生物基底材料可以为细胞力学基础研究提供帮助。
A new type of hardness variable biological substrate material was prepared.Experiments of infrared spectroscopy,water absorption of weighing,the rotational rheometer,and MTT were conducted to measure the structure,swell ability,elastic modulus and cytotoxicity of polyacrylamide/chitosan hydrogel HepG2 cells were inoculated into the mixed hydrogel base material of polyacrylamide/chitosan,and the morphology of the cells grown on the materials was observed after 24h.The hardness of the different formulation of polyacrylam-ide/chitosan hydrogel had obvious gradient differences and good biocompatibility.This new type of the biologi-cal substrate material could contribute to the research of cell mechanics.

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