基于在大兴安岭新林林业局不同林分条件的天然林中设置的18块50 m×20 m的标准地数据，对不同林分类型的混交度、角尺度和大小比3个空间结构参数进行了分析。研究结果表明：全部林分中白桦、落叶松的零混交度频度最大，随着0～1混交强度逐渐减小，白桦、落叶松树种的生长势态低于山杨、樟子松，针阔混交林、落叶松林和白桦林的混交度均值分别为0．42、0．25、0．26；以白桦和落叶松为参照树的结构单元的角尺度均值为0．54，接近0．517，针阔混交林、落叶松林和白桦林的角尺度均值都为0．54；依据大小比，大兴安岭天然林分中林木之间的竞争相当激烈，其中山杨的优势木占32％，高于白桦和落叶松，说明以山杨为参照树的结构单元中，其他树种处于不利竞争地位，落叶松白桦混交林、落叶松林和白桦林的落叶松树种的优势频度都分别小于白桦优势频度。

With the data of 18 sample plots of 50 m×20 m in natural mixed forests with different stand condition in Xinlin Forest-ry Bureau of Daxing’an Mountain, we analyzed three forest spatial structure parameters including mingling index, uniform angle index and neighborhood comparison.The growing states of larch and white birch are better than Populus davidiana and Pinus sylvestris.The mean mingling index of the mixed larch and white birch stand, larch stand and white birch stand are 0.42, 0.25 and 0.26, respectively.The average of mingling for the structure cell of larch and white birch was 0.54 which approached 0.517.The mean uniform angle index of all the mixed larch and white birch stand, larch stand and white birch stand is 0.54.With the neighborhood comparison, there is violent competition among the trees in Daxing’ an Mountain.The dominant frequency of Populus davidiana is higher than that of larch and white birch.The dominant fre-quency for the larch in coniferous and br

以大兴安岭重度火烧迹地经过植被恢复后形成的4种林分类型为研究对象，研究重度火烧迹地在经过植被恢复后，不同林分类型土壤理化学性质的变化。研究结果表明：与对照样地相比，樟子松林土壤pH值升高，兴安落叶松林、白桦林和山杨林土壤pH值均降低。兴安落叶松林、白桦林和山杨林土壤有机质、全N、水解N、全P、有效P质量分数均有不同程度的升高。兴安落叶松林和白桦林土壤密度降低，樟子松林和山杨林的土壤密度升高。白桦林土壤孔隙度最好。综合比较可以看出，大兴安岭重度火烧迹地经过植被恢复后，兴安落叶松林、白桦林和山杨林均在一定程度上改良了土壤。

An experiment was conducted to study the soil physical and chemical properties of four forest types in serious burned area of Daxing’ an Mountains.Soil pH of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica plantation increased, but that of Larix gmelini plantation, Betula platyphlla natural forest and Pobulus davidiana natural forest decreased.The soil organic matter, total N, hydrolyzable N, total P and available P of Larix gmelini plantation, Betula platyphlla natural forest and Pobulus davidi-ana natural forest increased in different degree.The soilbulk density of Larix gmelini plantation, Betula platyphlla natural forest decreased, but that of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica plantation and Pobulus davidiana natural forest increased.The soil porosity of Betula platyplh la natural forest was the best.Therefore, after vegetation restoration, Larix gmelini planta-tion, Betula platyphlla natural forest and Pobulus davidiana natural forest can improve the soil.

为了解燕山山地白桦天然次生林的空间结构,以河北省孟滦林场和黑龙山林场的白桦天然次生林为研究对象,对其角尺度和混交度等空间结构特征参数进行了研究。结果表明:孟滦林场和黑龙山林场的白桦天然次生幼龄林均呈聚集分布,平均角尺度分别为0.58和0.55,孟滦林场的白桦天然次生幼龄林的聚集程度高于黑龙山林场;2个地区的白桦天然次生中龄林也呈明显的聚集分布。孟滦林场白桦天然次生林平均混交度为0.32,混交树种只有2个;黑龙山林场平均混交度为0.47,混交树种达到5个。

In order to understand the spatial structure of birch natural secondary forests forest in Yanshan mountains , the birch natural secondary forests in Heilongshan Forest Farm and Mengluan Forest Farm were studied ,using angle index and mingling degree .The results showed that the young forests in Mengluan Forest Farm and Heilongshan Forest Farm were in aggregated distribution ,and the average angle index was 0 .58 for Mengluan Forest Farm and 0 .55 for Heilongshan Forest Farm .The aggregation of Mengluan Forest Farm was higher than that of Heilongshan Forest Farm . The middle-age birch natural secondary forests in both farms also had aggregated distribution . Moreover , the average mingling degree of the birch natural secondary forests in Mengluan Forest Farm was 0 .32 , with 2 mixed tree species ,and that in Heilongshan Forest Farm was 0 .47 with 5 mixed tree species .

为了探索小五台山不同林分类型林地涵养水源机制、生态功能价值量大小,通过对枯落物层和土壤层的野外调查和室内试验,笔者分析了小五台山7种主要林分类型林地水文效应,采用影子价格法估算了7种林分类型林地涵养水源的生态功能价值。结果表明:不同林分类型枯落物最大持水量变化范围为119.46～293.62t/hm2,最大持水量与枯落物储量变化顺序基本一致;土壤层最大持水量变化范围为3463.05～3941.05t/hm2。其中,落叶松×白桦混交林持水量(3941.05t/hm2)最大,是油松纯林的的1.14倍;综合枯落物层和土壤层,小五台山7种林分类型林地蓄水能力顺序为:落叶松×白桦混交林落叶松×云杉×白桦混交林白桦×云杉混交林亚高山草甸白桦纯林落叶松纯林油松纯林,且在枯落物层和土壤层的蓄水过程中,土壤层的贡献率最大,在92%以上;通过影子价格法,估算出小五台山林地平均涵养水源价值量为14465.86元/hm2,整个河北小五台山约31583.3万元,其中落叶松×白桦混交林涵养水源价值量最大,为15377.53元/hm2,是油松纯林1.16倍。

In order to explore the woodland water resources conservation mechanism and the ecological function value of different forest types in Xiaowutai Mountain, through the field investigation and indoor experiment, the author measured the woodland hydrological effects of 7 types of forests in Xiaowutai Mountain, and used the shadow pricing method to evaluate their ecological function value of water resources conservation. The results showed that: 1) the variation range of maximum water holding capacity (MWHC) of litter was 119.46-293.62 t/hm2, MWHC and cumulated mass (CM) showed a same gradation. 2) The variation range of MWHC of soil horizon was 3463.05-3941.05 t/hm2, MWHC of mixed Larix olgensis-Betula platyphylla forest was maximum (3941.05 t/hm2), it was approximately 1.41 times of Pinus tabulaeformis forest. 3) Throughcomprehensive analysis of MWHC of litter layer and soil horizon, it concluded that quantity gradation of 7 types of forests was:Larix olgensis-Betula platyphylla mixed fo

该文通过对塞罕坝机械林场野外调查获取实地数据来分析林场的林型特征与火灾的关系,得出结论如下：樟子松纯林属于极易燃类型;白桦林属于中等易燃类型;蒙古栎林属较易燃类型;落叶松和白桦的混交林内属于较难燃类型;落叶松、樟子松和云杉的混交林内属于较易燃类型。

In this dissertation datum gotten by some field investigation was also used to analyze the rela?tion between forest fire and the character of forest. The main conclusions as follows:Forest of L. gmelinii is difficult to burn;forest of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv is very inflammable;forest of Betula platy?phylla Suk is mid-inflammable;forest of Quercus mongolica Fisch is correspondingly inflammable. Mixed for?est of L. gmelinii and P. sylvestris var. mongolica Litv is uninflammable;mixed forest of L. gmelinii,P. syl?vestris var. mongolica Litv and Picea asperata Mast is correspondingly inflammable.