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双语推荐：硬化参数

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利用ANSYS软件研究重载铁路货车轴承弹塑性接触行为,将其简化为单峰接触模型,分析材料应变硬化对重载铁路货车轴承弹塑性接触的影响。取不同的切线模量值,研究应变硬化的影响,结果表明,应变硬化对弹塑性接触参数的影响不同,随硬化参数值的增加,对其影响效应也增加;对于较高的硬化参数,应变硬化对弹塑性接触的影响更大;随应变硬化增大,材料抵抗变形的能力增强,能够在较小的接触面上承受较大的载荷。
The ANSYS software is used to study elastic-plastic contact behavior for heavy load railway freight bearings which can be simplified as a single peak contact model to analyze the effect of material strain hardening on elastic -plastic contact of heavy load railway freight bearings.The different values of tangent modulus are taken to study the effect of strain hardening.The results show that a generalized solution cannot be applicable for all kind of materials, because the effects of strain hardening on elastic-plastic contact parameters are different.With the hardening parame-ter value increases,the strain hardening effect is also increased on elastic-plastic contact.For higher hardening param-eter,the effect of strain hardening on contact is serious.With the increase in strain hardening,the deformation resist-ibility capacity of material is increased,and the material becomes capable of carrying higher load in a smaller contact area.

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阐述了镁合金应变硬化行为的研究现状;概括了组织参数对镁合金应变硬化行为的影响;提出此研究领域尚需解决的科学问题。镁合金的应变硬化行为与激活变形模式的类型和数量有密切的关系。此外,织构、固溶元素、析出相和晶粒尺寸等组织参数对滑移和孪生主导变形的应变硬化行为都有较大的影响。目前,组织参数与应变硬化行为的关系还需要更加系统的研究。此外,有必要研究和开发适用于镁合金的应变硬化理论模型。
Some aspects of the present research on the strain hardening behavior at room temperature in wrought magnesium alloys were reviewed. The influence of the typical microstructure parameters on the strain hardening behavior of magnesium alloys was also discussed. Finally, a few critical scientific problems in this research field were pointed out. The strain hardening behavior of magnesium alloys exhibited a strong dependence on the type and amount of active deformation modes. Moreover, both the strain hardening behavior dominated by dislocation slip and twinning can be greatly influenced by texture, solid solution element, precipitate and grain size. Currently, the relationship between the microstructure and strain hardening behavior has not been symmetrically studied. Furthermore, further works are needed to study and develop the strain hardening model suitable for magnesium alloys.

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针对钛合金Ti-6Al-4V加工表面硬化问题，通过不同切削参数下钛合金Ti-6Al-4V切削加工表面的显微硬度与微观结构检测实验研究，探索钛合金Ti-6Al-4V车削加工的表面硬化机理，分析切削参数对加工硬化与表面变质层影响规律。结果表明：进行钛合金Ti-6Al-4V车削加工时，表面层微观组织发生显著变化，但表面硬化程度不高，切削速度提高不会使表面硬化程度加剧，并有利于减少表面变质层的厚度；切削热对加工表面硬化的影响显著，切削温度升高将减弱表面层材料变形产生的应变硬化作用，表面变质层的显微硬度值低于亚表层的显微硬度值，但高于基体的显微硬度值。
According to surface work-hardening problem of alloy Ti-6Al-4V, by surface micro-hardness and micro-cosmic structure testing experiment on titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V under different cutting parameters, surface work-hardening mechanism of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V turning is explored, and the impacting rules of cutting parameters on surface work-hardening and surface metamorphic layer are analyzed. The results show that titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V surface layer microstructure changes significantly during the turning processing. However, the increasing of cut-ting speed does not aggravate surface work-hardening degree and makes for reducing surface degenerating layer thickness. In addition, cutting heat significantly influence surface work-hardening, the raising of cutting tempera-ture weakens strain hardening function which is created by surface layer material deformation. Micro-hardness of surface metamorphic layer is lower than subsurface, but higher than substrate.

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采用元胞自动机结合Laasraoui—Jonas位错密度模型（LJ模型）模拟AZ31镁合金在动态再结晶过程中的位错密度和微观组织演化。LJ模型中的硬化参数、回复参数和应变速率灵敏系数决定模拟的准确性。在目前的研究中，基于LJ模型和Kooks—Mecking模型（KM模型）求解硬化参数；采用动态再结晶中的稳态应力公式求解回复参数和应变速率灵敏系数。结果表明：模拟结果与实验结果一致。
The dynamic recrystallization (DRX) process of AZ31 magnesium alloy including microstructure and dislocation density evolution during hot compression was simulated by adopting the cellular automaton (CA) method coupling the Laasraoui?Jonas model (LJ model). The reliability of simulation depended on the accuracy of the hardening parameter, the recovery parameter and the strain rate sensitivity in the LJ model. The hardening parameter was calculated in terms of the LJ model and the Kocks?Mecking model (KM model), and then the recovery parameter and the strain rate sensitivity were obtained by using the equation of steady state flow stress for DRX. Good agreements between the simulations and the experimental observations were achieved.

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针对涂层材料分析了终止于界面的裂纹尖端弹塑性应力场奇异性。由线性硬化全量理论并考虑到裂纹尖端应力奇异特征,建立了相关的本构方程。利用Goursat应力函数求得了裂纹尖端弹塑性奇异应力场。分析结果表明,所得应力场奇异性可以通过两个与硬化系数相关的Dundurs参数进行描述。当硬化系数远小于弹性模量时,奇异应力场仅需要一个Dundurs参数来表征。对于涂层为陶瓷基体为金属的情形,奇异性取决于裂纹方向。
The elastoplastic stress singularities are investigated, for a film coated material with a crack meeting the in-terface. Based on the assumption of the stress singularity at the crack tip, the constitutive equations are proposed through the total strain theory. The elastoplastic singular stress field is obtained by using Goursat stress functions. The analytic solutions show that the elastoplastic singular stress field can be generally described with two extended Dundurs parameters related to the hardening coefficients. In the case when the linear hardening coefficient is far less than the shear elastic modulus,only one extended Dundurs parameter is needed. In the case ceramic film deposited on the metal surface,the singularity is only determined by the direction of the crack.

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基于 GTN 损伤模型采用 Abaqus/explicit 数值模拟软件模拟了 API X65管线钢和 Al 5052铝合金单轴拉伸实验,分析了材料损伤的演化过程,讨论了不同硬化指数材料以及 GTN 模型参数对模拟结果的影响和模型中参数标定的依据。结果显示：损伤模型可以准确地模拟材料的韧性断裂以及材料的损伤演变；硬化指数小的材料的承载能力受内部损伤的程度影响较大；形核参数 f N 对模拟结果影响最大,f N 形核参数较大,材料形核率更高,试样的临界断裂应变减小。
In this paper,FE damage simulations using the GTN model have been performed for smooth tensile tests of API X65 steel and Al-alloy 5052.Compared of experimental data and FEM,the parameters in the GTN model have been calibrated and the influence of parameters has been discussed.The damage evolution process was also described in the pa-per.Results show that GTN model successfully simulated the uni-axial tensile test and the bearing capacity of small ma-terial hardening index are greatly influenced by the internal damage degree.

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目的：探讨原发性高血压病患者动态脉压参数与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法对61例原发性高血压病患者进行24 h动态血压监测及颈动脉超声检查，将其分为动脉硬化组40例与非硬化组21例。比较2组中的24 h平均收缩压（24 h SBP）、24 h平均舒张压（24 h DBP）、白昼脉压（dPP）、夜间脉压（nPP）及动态脉压（APP）。再将其按靶器官损伤程度分为A、B、C 3组，比较其上述APP参数。结果动脉硬化组24 h SBP、dPP、nPP及APP较非硬化组显著升高和增大（P＜0.05），24 h DBP 2组间比较差异无统计学意义。随着靶器官损伤程度的加重，动态脉压参数也不同程度增大。结论原发性高血压病患者APP增大及收缩压升高与颈动脉硬化密切相关，是导致靶器官损伤的重要原因。
Objective To study the relationship between the ambulatory pulse pressure (APP) related indexes and ather-ogenesis in hypertensive patients. Methods The 24 hours ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and carotid ultrasonic testing were performed on sixty-one patients with hypertension. All the patients were divided into two groups:arterio-sclerotic group(n=40), non-arteriosclerotic group(n=21). 24 h SBP, 24 h DBP, dPP, nPP and APP were com-pared between the two groups, All the patients were divided into three groups (GroupA, GroupB, GroupC) according tothe damage degree of target organ. Twenty-four SBP, 24 h DBP, dPP, nPP and APP were compared in three groups. Results Twenty-four SBP, dPP, nPP and APP of arteriosclerotic group were significantly higher than those of non-arteriosclerotic group (P<0.05). It was no significant differerece in 24 h DBP between the two groups. As the damage degree of target organs went to be deeper and deeper, the parameter of dPP increased by diffe

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分析了目前球体表面硬化加工技术的发展现状，针对航天领域内广泛采用的低温球阀，提出了一种新的球体表面滚压硬化的工艺方法，并对该工艺所加工的球体表面粗糙度、滚压速度以及滚压力等工艺参数进行了分析计算。
The current situation of surface enhancement process for the sphere was analysed in this paper. Aiming at the cryogenic ball valve which was used proverbially in aerospace, it put forward a new rolling process method for the sphere surface. And the process parameters including the sphere surface roughness, rolling speed and rolling pressure were calculated.

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目的：研究终末期肾病患者动态血压参数与动脉粥样硬化的相关性。方法收集本院2011年5~11月未开始血液净化治疗或规律采用血液透析≥3个月且年龄跃18岁的终末期肾病患者97例,根据颈动脉超声检查颈动脉斑块形成和(或)颈动脉内中膜增厚者为动脉粥样硬化组,无明显异常者为对照组。采用二项分类变量Lo-gistic回归分析进行相关性分析。结果两组日间平均舒张压、夜间平均舒张压、24 h平均脉压、日间平均脉压、夜间平均脉压比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 Logistic回归分析显示,24 h平均舒张压、夜间平均舒张压、24 h平均脉压及夜间平均脉压与动脉粥样硬化密切相关。结论动态血压参数与动脉粥样硬化相关性良好,可指导临床医生早期干预,解除血压异常对慢性肾病的影响,解除可能引起的动脉粥样硬化风险。
Objective To study the relationship between ambulatory blood pressure and atherosclerosis in patients with end stage renal disease. Methods 97 cases of patients with end stage renal disease in our hospital from May to Novem-ber 2011 were selected,who were not start carrying out blood purification therapy or taken with hemodialysis regularly more than 3 months,and the age were mort than 18 years.According to the carotid artery ultrasound,carotid plaque for-mation and (or) internal carotid artery intima thickening was as atherosclerosis group,no obvious abnormalities was as control group.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation. Results Average daytime diastolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure at night,24 h average pulse pressure,average daytime pulse pressure,average pulse pressure at night between the two groups had significant (P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that,average 24 h diastolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure at ni

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目的探讨原发性高血压患者血压变异性(BPV)与颈动脉硬化斑块的相关性,并比较纯收缩期高血压、纯舒张期高血压、收缩期与舒张期双期高血压与颈动脉硬化斑块发生的关系。方法选择110例原发性高血压患者,根据血压升高类型不同分组,其中纯收缩期高血压(ISH)(A组)35例,纯舒张期高血压(B组)30例,收缩期与舒张期双期高血压(C组)45例,同期选择30例血压正常人作对比。均进行24 h动态血压监测(24 h ABPM),同时应用高分辨率彩色多谱勒对其颈动脉行超声检查。结果高血压组血压变异各参数均显著大于正常组,昼夜变化规律四组一致,收缩压变异大于舒张压变异,白天血压变异大于夜间血压变异,A组血压变异各参数显著大于其他高血压组。高血压各组颈动脉硬化斑块参数与健康对照组比较差异有统计学意义,P0.05。结论原发性高血压患者血压变异性与颈动脉硬化斑块有明显的相关性,前者对后者有促进作用;纯收缩期高血压比纯舒张期、收缩期与舒张期双期高血压更易引起颈动脉硬化斑块。
objective To explore the correlation between blood pressure variability (BPV) and carotid ath-erosclerotic plaques in patients with primary hypertension ,and to analyzes the relationship between isolated systolic hypertension ,isolated diastolic hypertension , systolic and diastolic hypertension and the incidence of carotid athero-sclerosis plaque .Methods A total of 110 patients with primary hypertension were selected and divided into 3 groups according to the type of hypertension:isolated systolic hypertension ( ISH) ( group A,n=35) isolated diastolic hyper-tension (group B,n=30),systolic and diastolic hypertension (group C,n=45) 30 healthy persons with normal blood pressure were recruited as control .The 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring ( ABPM) were conducted among all the patients and healthy persons ,Carotid atherosclerosis was assessed by High resolution color doppler ultrasound .Re-sults The Parameters of blood pressure variation in hypertensive groups were significantl

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