中共在建党初期就移植了俄共（布）的民主集中制作为自身的组织制度。这一制度在中国革命的实践中经历了艰难的调适过程。1927年大革命失败后,中共准备在乡村组织暴动时,组织原则和组织能力就面临着严峻的挑战。组织江西万安暴动的领袖曾天宇,代表了中共早期地方领袖的一种类型,其领导的万安暴动所暴露出的党内组织矛盾也具有一定的典型性。本文将中共党史、社会史以及民国政治史结合在一起,综合运用文件档案、组织史资料、忆述材料、地方史志、报刊等诸多史料,通过对曾天宇的生活史与精神气质的勾勒以及对万安暴动背景与过程的考察,揭示出中共早期组织形态中存在的三重张力：职位关系与个人因素之间的张力;组织纪律的有效性与地方领袖的自主性之间的张力;革命组织与传统资源及地方利益之间的张力。这些张力为同时期的一系列中共党内组织事件提供了解读的逻辑。

The CCP transplanted the democratic centralism of the Soviet Union Communist Party (Bolshevik)as its own organizational system at its founding days.This system underwent difficult adjustments during the process of Chinese revolution.After the August 7th Meeting in 1927,the CCP started organizing rebellions in rural areas,which incurred severe challenges to its organizational principles and capabilities.The particularity of armed rebellion made the relationship more complex between local party who organize the rebellion and the upper level of party,as well as between the leader of the local party and the party system.Jiangxi Wan’an rebellion was one of the rebellions organized by the CCP after the August 7th Meeting.Zeng Tianyu,head of the Wan’an rebellion,represented a certain type of local leaders of the CCP in early times.Moreover,the conflicts in the CCP organizational system exposed in the organizing of Wan ’an rebellion were also typical in the period of the Agrarian

目的 探讨以儿童慢性小腑共济失调为主要临床表现的疾病诊断.方法 回顾性分析15例以慢性小脑共济失调为主要临床表现患儿的临床资料、实验室检查、影像学检查结果.结果15例患儿中,共济失调毛细血管扩张症3例,表现为进行性慢性小脑共济失调,神经影像学提示不同程度小脑萎缩.另12例表现为非进行性,其中Joubert综合征2例,表现为运动发育落后、下肢共济失调及言语表达障碍,神经影像学提示小脑蚓部发育不良;脑性瘫痪(共济失调型)10例,均表现为运动发育落后,9例伴智力、言语障碍,7例头颅计算机X射线断层扫描或MRI成像提示存在小脑半球萎缩,3例头颅MRI末发现小脑结构异常,其中2例行头颅正电子发射计算机断层扫描提示小脑神经元功能降低.分析10例共济失调型脑性瘫痪患儿康复治疗前后粗大运动功能测试量表(GMFM)总分及Gesell发育量表5个能区发育商(D0),提示康复治疗前GMFM总分为44.15±20.41,康复治疗后GMFM总分为56.42±15.65,二者比较差异有统计学意义(t=-3.121,P＜0.05);而Gescll发育量表社会适应、大运动、精细运动、语言及个人社交5个能区DQ,治疗前分别为37.47±14.47、35.23±17.23、37.06±11.51、40.69±12.10、40.41±15.79,治疗后分别为39.44±16.29、28.27±14.65、35.96±10.76、40.26±14.20、38.61±11.95,其中治疗后大运动能区DQ较治疗前下降,差异有统计学意义0=2.75,P＜0.05),余功能区治疗前后比较差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).结论 婴儿期起病表现为肌张力低下、运动发育迟缓的慢性小脑共济失调患儿,多有先天性小脑结构或功能异常;以进行性小脑共济失调为主要表现者,注意排除遗传或代谢病因,并应行全面的检查及评估以提高诊断准确性.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis of the diseases that presented with childhood chronic cerebellar ataxia.Method The clinical data of 15 children with chronic cerebellar ataxia were studied,including the clinical features,laboratory results and neuroimaging aspect.Results Of the 15 children with chronic cerebellar ataxia,3 cases had chronic progressive cerebellar ataxia diagnosed as ataxia telangiectasia,and neuroimaging finding that indicated mild to marked cerebellar atrophy.The others 12 cases had non-progressive cerebellar ataxia,2 cases of them had Joubert syndrome,characterized by delayed motor function and speech,lower limbs ataxia and cerebellar vermis hypoplasia; 10 cases had ataxic cerebral palsy with delayed motor skills,9 of them had mental retardation and verbal problem.Of the 10 children with ataxic cerebral palsy,7 cases had cerebellar hemispheric atrophy by computer tomography (CT) or MRI,while the other 3 cases had no positive finding in cerebellum by MRI,but 2 of