对阿拉善荒漠地区不同时间（2005年、2002年、1999年和1980年）禁牧围封梭梭生态特征进行了对比研究。生态特征分析表明7年封育梭梭恢复效果最好，梭梭盖度达到了22．6％，密度增加到每公顷594株，生物量提高到每公顷12．01吨。而25年围封梭梭林密度、盖度和生物量均低于7年封育。年龄结构分析表明1年、4年和7年禁牧封育梭梭均发展趋势，而25年禁牧封育梭梭呈现衰退趋势。动态模拟分析表明通过禁牧封育，干旱区退化梭梭林恢复最佳周期14年，生物量达15．3吨／公顷，盖度28％，密度高达770彬公顷。

Aims Natural restoration by enclosure and grazing prohibition is an effective way to recover the degenerative vegetation of Haloxylon ammodendron. It,however,remains unknown of the speed and time of restoration to the best status of Haloxylon ammodendron vegetation. The enclosure of Haloxylon ammodendron vegetation in Lamajing,Alax of Inner Mongolia,was singled out to investigate the time for best restoration of Haloxylon ammodendron vegetation by an analysis of ecological features of Haloxylon ammodendron vegetation in differ-ent duration of enclosure. This study can provide scientific bases for the project of restoration of Haloxylon ammodendron vegetation and re-turn grazing to grasses. Methods According to duration of enclosure time,sample plots were divided into four sample plots,viz. 1980,1999, 2002,and 2005 sample plots. Four sample - squares are designed in the four sample plots under relatively consistent conditions of soil and topographic shape,area for each sample - square i

2010以来,全国牛肉价格上涨明显,呼伦贝尔地区也出现牛肉价格上涨持续期长、幅度大的特征,影响地区牛肉价格的是近年的气候异常、政府禁牧、休牧政策、养殖成本增长、牛肉大量外销、全国牛肉价格上涨等因素,针对这种情况,从棚舍建设、运营模式及价格平抑方面给出了相关建议。

Since 2010 , the price of beef has obviously increased in the whole nation .With a lasting duration and a large range on price rising in the Hulunbeir Region , the paper discusses the reasons for the price rise .It holds that the price rise is contributive to the grazing prohibition of the government , the cost of raising cows , the increased export of the beef , etc .Due to the situation , the paper put forward some suggestions on the price rise of the beef from the aspects of constructions of the cowsheds , the patterns of running ways as well as price control .

干扰广泛被认为是影响物种多样性变化的最主要的因素。近年来,物种多样性对干扰的响应是生态学家关注和研究的热点问题之一。2002—2011年,在内蒙古阿拉善荒漠区对人为不同利用(干扰)方式形成的禁牧、轮牧、过牧和开垦4种不同区域中,通过对啮齿动物群落的物种数、物种总捕获率、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀性指数等4个变量的时间序列资料的比较,分析了这些变量的年间变动特点及在不同干扰条件下的变动规律,并对不同干扰区各变量的趋势进行分析,探讨啮齿动物群落对不同干扰过程的响应。结果表明:4个变量的最高值均出现在受中等干扰的轮牧区中,物种总捕获率2003年出现了各区的第1个高峰,总捕获率分别为过牧区10.75%、轮牧区19.60%、禁牧区11.20%、开垦区10.55%;2008年出现第2个高峰,4个区物种总捕获率均达到了各区的最高峰,捕获率分别为过牧区29.60%、轮牧区34.15%、禁牧区14.20%、开垦区27.10%。过牧区与轮牧区群落物种总捕获率、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀性指数显著相关(p0.05),变动规律相似。过牧区与轮牧区、禁牧区与过牧区、轮牧区与禁牧区之间的物种总捕获率呈极显著正相关(p0.01)。过牧区与轮牧区相似度较高(I=0.856 8);过牧区Shannon-Wiener指数表现为有显著的下降趋势(Y=-0.142 lnt+1.487,F=6.320,p0.05),表明随着过牧时间的积累,对生境的干扰逐步加重,啮齿动物群落的多样性会逐渐降低。

Interference widely considered to be the main factors of affecting species diversity changes. In recent years, the response of the species diversity for the interference is an one of the hot issues of ecologist concern and research.In a long-term study research data were examined on desert rodent communities in Alashan desert (Inner Mongolia, China) to indicate interference processes. The study was conducted between 2002 and 2011, all data were determined in four conditions:a) forbidden grazing area, b) rotational grazing area, c) over grazing area, and d) farmland area. The parameters species total capture rate, species number, Shannon Wiener index and Pielou index were analyzed to distinguish changes within years and regular changing patterns. We found that the highest values of all the four parameters were recorded in rotational grazing areas. The first peak of species total capture rate was appeared in 2003 in each area, total capture rate of over grazing area was 10.75%, total cap

采用以代谢能为指标的草畜平衡评价方法,分析了张掖市平山湖荒漠草原草畜平衡现状,结果表明,平山湖荒漠草原全年草畜均不平衡。建议采用禁牧、调整产羔时间、精准管理、异地养殖等措施实现草畜平衡。

Based on metabolic energy for feed balance evaluation method,to evaluate feed balance situation of desert steppe in Pingshanhu township . The results showed that the desert steppe was not feed balance all years. Some suggestion have been put forward in this paper that the banning grazing,change lambing time,precision management and allopatry culture to realize feed balance .

在东祁连山高寒草地，对围栏7年和不同放牧强度的草地进行了物种数、地上生物量、地下生物量、土壤理化性质等研究。结果表明，围栏7年的高寒草地鲜草产量为425．8 g·m－2，显著高于夏季中牧159．3 g·m－2和夏季重牧91．0 g·m－2，但与冬季轻牧、夏季轻牧差异不显著。围栏条件下的物种数为26．3种·16 m－2，显著低于其他放牧条件下的物种数，但显著高于夏季重牧条件下的物种数23．0种·16 m－2；轻度或重度放牧都会使物种数减少，夏季中牧下的物种数最高（33．5种·16 m－2）。在0～10 cm的表层土壤中，围栏7年的草地根系生物量显著高于其他放牧强度。随着放牧强度的增加，根系生物量在0～10 cm土壤中呈下降趋势，在30～40 cm土壤中则表现为升高趋势。围栏7年的土壤容重低于其他放牧强度下的土壤容重，但差异不显著；夏季重牧的土壤容重显著高于围栏7年和其他放牧强度的土壤容重。随着放牧强度的增加，0～10 cm土壤碱解氮增加，围栏7年草地最低。围栏封育可有效改善和恢复草地植被，但不能长时间禁牧不进行放牧利用。合理的放牧能够维护高寒草甸草地生态系统功能、促进物种丰富度和土壤营养的均衡。

In order to explore the influence of enclosure and different grazing intensities on alpine meadow vegetation and soil characteristics ,plant species ,aboveground biomass and underground biomass of forage ,soil physical and chemi-cal properties were measured in the Eastern Qilian Mountains .The results showed that the yield of alpine meadow grass-land fenced for seven years was 425 .8 g·m-2 ,and significantly higher than that of summer moderate grazing (159 .3 g·m-2 ) and summer overgrazing (91 .0 g·m-2 ) ,but it was not significant compared with the light grazing both in sum-mer and winter .The number of species after seven years fencing (26 .3·16m-2 ) was lower than that in other grazing pat-terns ,but it was significantly higher than the grassland overgrazed in summer (23 .0·16m-2 ) .Light grazing or/and overgrazing reduced the number of species , while the moderate grazing in summer increased the species diversity (33 .5·16m-2 ) .Dry matter of underground biomass in