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双语推荐：管屏

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本文简要介绍了膜式水冷壁管屏制作工艺过程和珠光体耐热钢水冷壁管屏制造过程中易产生的缺陷分析，通过改进优化成排弯曲模具，焊前清理、预热，避免外侧管椭圆度、焊接气孔、咬边等缺陷。结合工艺试验分析了珠光体耐热钢管屏热矫正后不恰当的冷却方式引起延迟裂纹的原因，从而总结出珠光体耐热钢水冷管屏焊后热矫正时需特别注意的加热方法、加热温度及冷却方式，确保产品质量。
This article briefly analysis the manufacture procedure of the water wall and the possible defects which may be generated during the manufacture of the perlite refractory steel water wall. The defects such as outside tube ovality, welding porosity and undercut, can be effectively avoided by means of improving the mould of the panel bending, cleaning up and preheating before welding. This article analyses the cause of the post cooling crack caused by the inappropriate cooling of the perlite refractory steel water wall and concludes the correct heating and cooling procedure, which is a strong assurance for the quality of the product.

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一台300MW机组锅炉经检修后半年屏式再热器频繁发生爆管，所有爆管均为新换，爆口位置均在焊缝熔合线附近。通过宏观检验、材质分析、金相检验等对屏式再热器管进行分析，结果表明，焊接时，局部出现淬硬的马氏体组织是发生频繁爆管的主要原因。
The tube explosions frequently happened to a 300MW boiler overhauled after half a year. All of the exploded tubes were new and the cracking-off locations were all near the melting line of welding seam. The platen reheater tubes were analyzed by macroscopic examination, material analysis, metallographic examination, and so on. The results showed that the hardened martensitic structure appeared in local during welding and it was the main reason of frequent tube explosion.

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磨损是循环流化床锅炉中最常见的问题,严重制约着锅炉的安全运行。采用CFX软件对某电厂465t/h循环流化床锅炉屏式过热器磨损过程进行了数值模拟,详细分析了磨损原因,指出管屏变形是磨损爆管的主要原因,并针对磨损的原因,提出了相应措施。
Wear is the most common problem in CFB boiler,which has a great impact on CFB boiler safely operating.Numerical simulating the wearing process of plated superheater in a CFB boiler is proved by CFX program and the result of wear is analyzed.It is concluded that tube failure was caused by wear which was resulted by distortion of plated superheater.Based on the conclusion,further improvement measures are given.

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从解决管屏集箱水压试验时要留水压余量、工序繁多、加工效率低人手，改进了水压试验工艺，设计出了外压紧式水压试验工装，使管屏小集箱水压试验时可不预留水压余量，对接坡口可直接加工到图纸尺寸，简化工序，提高工作效率，降低成本。经实践证明，值得推广，供同行借鉴参考。
Anew technology in hydraulic pressure was introduced,w hich tellhow to design the clam ping ofthe hydraulic test m oulds from outside to im prove the technology ofthe hydraulic testand working efficiency,and reduce the working process. Then itisnotnecessary to rem ain the hydraulic pressure m argin during the hydraulic testofw ater-w allofthe header.The butt groove should be machined directly according to the size of the draw ings to sim plify the working process and reduce the costs.The technology was proved by practices and deserved to popularize for academ ic reference.

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研制了用于ICF实验激光焦斑监测的X射线闪烁屏针孔相机,通过使用Cs I闪烁屏,能够有效的减小焦斑成像中硬X射线份额,图像的信噪比有了很大提高。使用蒙卡方法对Cs I的能量沉积进行了模拟,计算出适合于针孔相机的闪烁屏厚度。由于针状Cs I闪烁屏的分辨力优于一般闪烁体,制造了针状Cs I闪烁屏作为针孔相机的成像元件。在X射线管上做了Cs I闪烁屏的成像实验,实验表明闪烁屏具有较好的分辨力,最小分辨达到15 lp/mm,整个X射线闪烁屏针孔相机的分辨力好于24μm,和普通针孔相机的分辨力基本相当。
An X-ray scintillation layer pinhole camera was developed for diagnosing the laser focal spot in ICF experiment .As the scintillation layer reduces the fraction of hard X -ray in laser focal spot imaging , and the signal-to-noise ratio of the image can be highly promoted .The X-ray energy deposit in CsI scintillator was simulated with Monte Carlo method , and the proper thickness of the CsI scintillation layer for pinhole camera was determined .Needle scintillation layer has better spatial solution than usual scintillator , so a CsI needle scintillation layer was made as the imaging device of pinhole camera .The imaging experiment showed that the spatial resolution of CsI layer was 15 lp/mm, and the spatial resolution of X -ray scintillation layer pinhole camera was better than 24 μm, which was nearly equal to the spatial resolution of usual pinhole camera .

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某电厂#1锅炉于2012年7月底出现给水流量增大现象,一直到9月18日给水流量突然不正常,大于蒸汽流量100 t/h左右。9月21日停机后,通过对受热面的检查,确认了爆管位置为屏式过热器吊挂管。
# 1 boiler of a power plant has the phenomenon of feed water flow rate increases in the end of July 2012, the feed water flow suddenly abnormal until September 18 with the st-eam flow greater than 100 t/h or so. After shutdown the boiler at Sept. 21, the author confirms that the cartridge igniter loca-tion is hanging platen superheater tubes by checking the hea-ting surface.

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油气井井口智能控制系统是以现有的电气控制及无线遥控地面防喷器控制技术为基础，硬件上增加1套触摸屏式司钻台，同时把节流管汇控制箱集成在防喷器控制装置之上；软件上根据钻井施工过程的工况，把开、关井程序植入控制系统之中，最大化地实现钻井过程中防喷器、节流压井管汇的智能化自动控制，提高了工作效率，降低了劳动强度，提升了钻井施工的安全性能。触摸屏式司钻台的操作界面具有自定义功能，可以根据钻井现场防喷器及节流压井管汇实际的排列布局，进行软件界面的设置，保证界面和实物一致，提高控制的准确性和安全性。
Intelligent control system for oil and gas wellbore is based on the research of the tech-nology of electrical-pneumatic control and wireless remote control system for surface mounted BOP control device.About hardware,one set of touch screen on driller’s control panel is added and choke manifold control panel is also integrated in the BOP control system.About software, according to real working condition,well close procedures are embedded in the system in order to maximize the implementation of the BOP/choke manifold in the process of well drilling manifold of intelligent automatic control,which increases efficiency,reduces labor intensity and improves safety.The interface of touch screen can be self-set by the engineer according to the real installa-tion of site BOP,kill and choke manifold to make sure the accordance between interface and real installation,this can improve the accuracy and safety of control.

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针对某电厂锅炉高温过热器管屏运行过程中出现的爆管事故，采用宏观分析、内窥检查、厚度测试、显微硬度测试、力学性能试验、光谱分析、能谱分析、金相分析等方法进行试验分析，试验结果发现高温过热器管材料组织存在缺陷，产生微裂纹，在运行中进一步发展，最后在钢管薄弱位置（损伤处）造成短时过热爆管。
In this paper,the burst of high-temperature superheater tubes of the boiler was studied. Several methods were adopted such as macroscopic analysis, endoscopic, thickness measuring, micro hardness testing, mechanical property testing, spectral analysis, energy spectrum analysis, metallographic analysis etc. The results showed that the microstructure didn''t comply with the standard, which made the micro cracks. It developed further and leaded to momentary overheating squib of the burst of high-temperature superheater tubes.

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基于陕西府谷清水川煤电一体化项目电厂二期（2×1000MW）工程总体建设要求,分析#4机组锅炉水冷壁设计垂直管屏与螺旋管圈联合布置情况,明确垂直段水冷壁施工方案,并重点分析安装过程中的改进措施和注意事项,以供同行参阅。
Based on the general construction requirements of the coal and electricity integration project phase 2 project of Qingshuichuan Power Plant of Fugu County Shaanxi Province, this paper analyzes the joint arrangement of the vertical tube panel and helical tube coil of the design of water wall in #4 unit, defines the construction scheme of vertical segment water wall and mainly analyzes the improvement measures and matters needing attention in the installation process to provide references for the colleagues.

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以国电霍州发电厂2×660 MW“上大压小”工程为例,针对超临界、超超临界机组中的水冷壁和包墙过热器等管屏的密封焊接变形进行分析和控制、并制定出措施,应用于本工程的施工,对控制焊接变形取得了明显的成效.
Taking the example of 2í 660 MW project of Huozhou Electric Power Plant of China Guodian Corporation,this article analyzes the situation and discusses the control method of the tight welding deformation of the water cooled wall and steam cooled wall tube panels of the supercritical and ultra-supercritical units. The countermeasure discussed has been used in this project, which has effectively controlled welding deformation.

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