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双语推荐：精神障碍者

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目的 了解厦门市年龄≥18岁人群各类精神障碍的患病率及分布特点.方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法随机抽取厦门市12 071名年龄≥18岁人群为调查对象,用扩展的一般健康问卷(GHQ-12)进行筛查,将调查对象分为精神障碍高危、中危、低危,然后使用《美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册(第4版)轴Ⅰ障碍定式临床检查(患者版)》(SCID-I/P)依次对100％高危险人群、40％中危险人群和10％低危险人群进行调查,作出有无精神障碍及具体诊断.结果 共10 764名完成调查,完成率为89.17％.精神障碍总现患率(最近1个月)为3.46％[95％可信区间(CI):3.13％～3.82％],总终生患病率为6.35％ (95％ CI:5.90％ ～6.83％).按照现患率高低排列,前5位的单病种精神障碍为重性抑郁障碍(0.83％)、心境恶劣障碍(0.55％)、未特定焦虑障碍(0.51％)、未特定抑郁障碍(0.44％)、精神发育迟滞(0.40％).总现患率农村(5.99％)高于城镇(2.79％),本地户籍(4.19％)高于外地户籍(2.21％),年龄40 ～54岁(4.55％)和≥55岁人群(5.05％)均高于18～39岁人群(2.30％),差异均有统计学意义.在有精神障碍且有相关资料的226例患者中,功能损害程度为中等到严重者69例,占30.53％,仅21例因心理问题求助过心理卫生专业机构,占9.30％.结论
Objective To describe the prevalence and distribution of all type of mental disorders among people aged 18 years and older in Xiamen City.Methods Using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling,12 071 subjects aged 18 years and older were identified in Xiamen City.The subjects were screed with the expanded version of GHQ-12 and classified as high,moderate or low risk of having a mental disorder based on the results.Different proportions of the three groups (100％ of the high-,40％ of the moderate-,10％ of the low-risk) were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR,and made a determintation that whether they had mental disorder and specific diagnosis.Results A total of 10 764 subjects completed the screening,the completion was 89.17％.The 1-month overall prevalence of any mental disorder was 3.46％ (95％CI:3.13％-3.82％),and the overall lifetime prevalence was 6.35％ (95％ CI:5.90％-6.83％).The prevalence rates of single disorders were as following:major dep

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探讨社区康复训练方式对于不同类型精神障碍的应用效果。方法:根据自愿入组原则募集目前处于康复期的精神障碍患者251人入组接受社区康复训练,对照组96人,研究期间不接受康复训练。采用"自我接纳问卷(SAQ)"、"社会功能缺陷量表(SDSS)"、"情感量表"及"TDL生命质量量表"评估康复效果。结果:(1)在4组不同诊断间的结果比较中,除正性情感与情感平衡外,其他所有评价指标均有显著性差异。(2)精神分裂症在社会功能缺陷等多个比值中均低于其他类型的精神障碍者。(3)情感性精神病与神经症和心理应激障碍比较在社会功能缺陷及生命质量上差值有显著性差异。(4)神经症与心理应激障碍比较的显著性差异主要在正性接纳、自我接纳、生命质量几个方面。结论:患者自愿接受社区精神康复训练效果受病程、诊断等多因素影响;社区精神康复训练在不同的精神疾病中康复效果不同。精神分裂症的精神康复效果在多个指标中低于其他诊断。
Objective :To evaluate the effects of the rehabilitation training for treatment of patients among different mental disorders in community .Methods :Enrolled 251 patients in rehabilitation period with different mental disorders accepted rehabilitation training ,96 patients did not accept any rehabilitation training during the period of study as con-trol groups .Self Accept Questionnaire ,Social Disability Screening Scale ,Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale and TDL Life Quality Scale were used to evaluated the effect of rehabilitation training .Results:(1)Almost all evaluated in-dictors have significant difference among four different mental disorders excluded the positive and affective balance fac-tor .(2)The patient with schizophrenia scored lower in most factors of SDSS than other mental disorders .(3)Compared with neurosis disorder and stress related disorder ,mood disorder scored lower and had statistically significance .(4) Compared with stress related disorder ,neurosis dis

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目的探讨监狱服刑人员司法精神病鉴定的临床特征。方法对80例服刑人员的司法精神病鉴定资料进行回顾性分析。结果患有精神障碍的服刑人员以抢劫、盗窃等财产性犯罪和以故意伤害、故意杀人、强奸等暴力性犯罪为主，青壮年比例高，危害后果严重。鉴定构成比依次为精神分裂症49例（61.3%），心境障碍7例（8.8%），癫痫及癫痫伴发精神障碍10例（12.5%），精神发育迟滞2例（2.5%），神经症3例（3.8%），癔病2例（2.5%），其他7例（8.8%）。入狱后出现精神异常者36例（45.0%），有精神病家族史者16例（20.0%）。结论服刑人员在服刑期间易出现精神心理问题，精神分裂症等重型精神病所占比例最高，暴力性犯罪和财产性犯罪所占比例大，社会危害大，设立精神病分监区集中管理和治疗是一种行之有效的模式。
Objective To explore the clinical features of prison inmates judicial psychiatric appraisal. Methods 80 cases of prisoners of judicial psychiatric appraisal data were retrospectively analyzed.Results The inmates with psychiatric disorders property crimes such as robbery, theft and to deliberately harm, murder, rape and other violent crime is given priority to, high proportion of young adults, harmful consequences. Appraisal form than schizophrenia in 49 cases (61.3%), mood disorders in 7 cases (8.8%), epilepsy and epilepsy associated mental disorders, 10 cases (12.5%), mental retardation in 2 cases (2.5%), neurosis 3 cases (3.8%), hysteria in 2 cases (2.5%), other 7 cases (8.8%). In prison after the mental was abnormal in 36 (45.0%), with family history of mental il ness is 16 cases (20.0%). Conclusion Inmates in prison mental problems easily , the highest proportion of heavy mental il ness such as schizophrenia, proportion of violent crime and property crime, social harm is big, set u

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目的：探讨女性精神障碍患者被性侵害案例的特征。方法对273例女性精神障碍患者被性侵害的鉴定资料进行回顾性分析。结果被性侵害的女性精神障碍患者中以精神发育迟滞者居多（68．1％），其次为精神分裂症（19．4％）；性自我防卫能力削弱者（55．3％）明显多于性自我防卫能力丧失者（26．7％）及性自我防卫能力存在者（18．0）；无性自我防卫能力者以精神分裂症居多（57．5％），其次为重度精神发育迟滞（21．9％）、中度精神发育迟滞（12．3％）、器质性精神障碍（5．5％）。结论女性精神障碍患者性自卫能力丧失或削弱者居多，社会及家庭应加强对女性精神障碍患者的监护与管理。
Objective To explore the characteristics of cases about female mental disorder patients suffer-ing from sexual assault .Methods Expertise data of 273 female mental disorder patients suffering from sexual assault were retrospectively analyzed . Results Most of the patients were mental retardation (68 .1% ) , then schizophrenia (19 .4% );patients with the weakness of sexual self-defensive ability (55 .3% ) were notably more than ones without sexual self-defensive ability (26 .7% ) and ones with (18 .0% );most of the patients without sexual self-defensive ability were schizophrenia (57 .5% ) ,then se-vere mental retardation (21 .9% ) ,moderate mental retardation (12 .3% ) and organic mental disorder (5 .5% ) .Conclusion Capacity of sexual self-defense of most female mental disorder patients lose or weak-en ,to them guardianship and management should be strengthened .

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目的：探讨精神病司法鉴定中女性精神障碍患者被性侵害案例的特征。方法对91例女性精神障碍患者被性侵害案例的鉴定资料进行回顾性分析。结果被性侵害的女性精神障碍患者中以精神发育迟滞者居多（68．1％），其次为精神分裂症（24．2％）；性自我防卫能力削弱者（63．7％）明显多于性自我防卫能力丧失者（34．1％）及性自我防卫能力存在者（2．2％）；无性自我防卫能力者以精神分裂症居多（58．1％），其次为中度精神发育迟滞（22．6％）、轻度精神发育迟滞（9．7％）。结论女性精神障碍患者性自卫能力丧失或削弱者居多，社会及家庭应加强对女性精神障碍患者的监护与管理。
Objective To explore the characteristics of sexually assaulted cases of female mental disorder patients undergoing forensic psychiatric expertise .Methods Expertise data of 91 female mental disorder patients suffering from sexual assault were retrospectively analyzed .Results Most of the patients were mental retardation(68 .1% ) ,then schizophrenia(24 .2% );patients with the weakness of sexual self-defen-sive ability (63 .7% ) were notably more than ones without sexual self-defensive ability (34 .1% ) and ones with (2 .2% );most of the patients without sexual self-defensive ability were schizophrenia (58 .1% ) ,then moderate mental retardation (22 .6% ) and mild retardation (9 .7% ) .Conclusion Sexual self-defense ca-pacities of most female mental disorder patients lose or weaken ,to them guardianship and management should be strengthened .

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精神障碍者是弱势群体中的弱势群体,他们的生存和发展成为我国社会发展中一个不容忽视的问题。精神障碍者社会保障问题解决不到位,很容易影响家庭、社会的和谐与稳定。我国应该建立一个以政府为主导,社会各界共同参与的精神障碍者多元化保障和防控体系。在这个过程中尤其应该做好社区保障这一新型化的社会保障工作。
Mentally disabled people are more vulnerable in the vulnerable groups ,their survival and development has be-come a problem that cannot be ignored in the development of Chinese society .If the mentally disabled people problem is not re-solved properly ,it is easy to affect the family ,social harmony and stability .A plural system of security and prevention must be established .And the system needs the government''s management and the public participation .In this process ,the community security is particularly emerging and important .

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目的：探讨癫痫所致精神障碍的临床特征，以提高对该类疾病的认识及诊疗水平。方法：回顾性分析诊断为癫痫性精神障碍的患者共80例，对所有患者一般资料、临床表现类型、脑电图及脑CT结果、精神障碍分型及治疗方案进行总结。结果：单纯部分性发作47例（58.75%），脑电图异常者71例（88.75%），CT扫描结果异常者55例（68.75%），癫痫性精神病47例（58.75%）。按疗程治疗结束后，出院结果评定痊愈者43例（53.75%），好转者17例（21.25%），进步者16例（20%），无效者4例（5%）。结论：癫痫所致精神障碍患者易误诊为精神分裂症，可通过病程、家族史、脑电图及脑CT检查等进行鉴别诊断，并给予合理用药，可达到满意效果。
Objective:To explore the clinical features of epilepsy mental disorders and to improve the awareness and diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Method:80 patients who were diagnosis of epilepsy mental disorders were retrospectively analyzed. We summarized the basic information, the clinical features,the electroencephalogram and the brain CT of all patients. Result:There were 47 cases(58.75%)with simple partial seizures,71 patients(88.75%)with abnormal EEG,55 patients(68.75%)with abnormal brain CT scan results,47 patients(58.75%)with epileptic psychosis. After the course of treatment,43 patients(53.75%)were cured,17 patients(21.25%)were improved,16 patients(20.00%)were advanced,4 patients(5.00%) were invalid. Conclusion:Epilepsy induced mental disorders is often misdiagnosed as schizophrenia,we could differential diagnosis through the course of the disease,family history,EEG and brain CT examination,and the patients can achieve satisfactory results by given the rational use of medicin

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目的：通过对老年精神障碍疾病出院患者追踪调查，提出社区长期延续照护及社会干预对策。方法采用入户调查法，以2010-2012年525例老年精神障碍疾病出院患者为研究对象，采用老年抑郁量表（ GDS）和日常生活活动能力量表（ ADL）对该人群社区和家庭长期照护及医疗护理服务供需情况进行调查。结果525例出院老年精神障碍患者经GDS量表测量，得分1～10分者86例，视为无郁症，占40％；11～20分者79例，显示轻度抑郁，占36．74％；21～30分者50例，显示重度抑郁，占23.25％。 ADL得分＜35分者422例，提示个人自理能力存在不同程度障碍者，占80．38％；40～100分者103例，提示部分或者完全能够自理，占19．62％。525例老年精神障碍疾患者群社区延续照护，主要依靠家庭，由家庭成员照护占68．95％，由保姆或者钟点工照顾者占11．43％，由养老机构和医疗机构专业护理人员进行照护占19．62％。社区老年人长期照护需求和医疗护理服务供给相比有很大差距。结论老年精神障碍疾患者群的长期照护和社会支持问题是老年学领域亟待解决的民生问题，应依据实际情况给予社会性干预。
Objective By tracking survey of the mental disorder patients discharged from hospital , in order to propose continuum of care and social interventions strategy .Methods Using household survey method , totals of 525 elderly mental disorder patients from 2010 to 2012 were selected and surveyed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the Activities of Daily Living (ADL).Results Totals of 525 cases of senile mental disorders in community were surveyed with GDS .Totals of 86 patients scored 1 to 10 points, regarded as without depression, accounting for 40%.Totals of 79 patients scored 11 to 20 points, regarded as mild depression , accounting for 36.74%.Totals of 50 patients scored 21 to 30 points, regarded as severe depression , accounting for 23.25%.Totals of 422 patients (80.38%) had ADL score under 35 points, with different degree of lack of personal living capacity .Totals of 103 patients (19.62%) had ADL score between 40 to 100 points, with part or complete personal living capac

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精神障碍者由于个性和人格障碍,会以公开劫持人质为手段,来要挟满足其某些不切实际的愿望。由于其行为情绪化,心理具有反社会性、偏执性和无畏惧性,警方人员在处置精神障碍者劫持人质案件时,应灵活化解其心理压力,解除其心理障碍,力争通过警察谈判来和平解决危机。
Mental disorders due to personality and personality disorder, will open to the public as a means to coerce the hostage-taking, meet some unrealistic desire. Because of emotional behavior, psychology is antisocial, paranoia and fear of the police, hostage-taking case at the disposal of the spirit obstacle, should be flexible solutions to the psychological pressure, relieve the psychological barriers, and strive to through the negotiations to a peaceful solution to the crisis.

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目的探讨青少年精神障碍患者出现的行为与情绪问题。方法选取我院在2013年3月~2014年2月收治的100例患有精神障碍的青少年患者作为观察组，同时选取100例非精神障碍者作为对照组，运用Ahenbach量表，对100例患有精神障碍的青少年进行评定。结果观察组的男女行为自评量表显示数据中各项因子均分、和各项因子现有患病率明显高于对照组。结论青少年群体中出现的精神障碍患者行为和情绪问题，比正常青少年明显存在很多。
Objective To explore the behavioral and emotional problems in adolescent patients with mental disorders.Methods In our hospital during 2013 March to 2014 February were treated 100 cases of patients with mental disorders in adolescent patients as the observation group,100 cases at the same time non psychiatric patients as control group,using the Ahenbach scale,in 100 patients with mental disorders were assessed the adolescents.Results The observation group of male and female behavior checklist shows that each factor score,and each factor data existing prevalence rate was significantly higher than the control group.Conclusion The behavior of patients with mental disorders and emotional problems in youth groups,there are dif erent than normal adolescents.

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