中国历史上文学翻译策略的相互运用促进了中国文化的繁荣与发展。在21世纪，文化交流作为文学翻译的重要历史使命推进着文化发展的进程，从而要求我们采取更有利的翻译策略，而这一策略需要更好的把语言和文化相结合，运用好顺畅的汉语，更好地译意外国文化。本文通过对翻译策略的叙述，用动态和辩证的观点对文学翻译中策略的选择做分析，得出：不同环境下采用不同的翻译策略是与文化、语言、翻译目的、读者、译者等因素相结合的，也只有把这些因素相结合才能达到文学翻译真正的目的，即文化交流。

The mutual use of literary translation strategy in the Chinese history promotes the prosperity and development of Chinese culture. In twenty-first Century, cultural exchanges as an important historical mission of the literary translation to promote cultural development process, which requires us to take the better translation strategy, and this strategy needs to better combine the language and culture, make good use of smooth Chinese, better translate accident country culture. Based on the analysis of translation strategies, using dynamic and dialectical view to analyze the choice of strategy in literary translation, obtains that:using different translation strategy under different environments is to combine culture, language, the purpose of translation, reader, translator and other factors, only to put these factors combined to achieve the real purpose of the literary translation, namely cultural exchange.

本论文旨在对比两种翻译策略——归化与异化。通过分析《孔乙己》的不同翻译版本,本文指出:根据不同的读者群体,译者进而会采用不同的翻译策略。结合林语堂在翻译中平分秋色地运用这两者翻译策略的分析,本文总结道:为了让我国的文学作品走出国门,让更多的外国读者接受和喜欢,我们在翻译文学作品的时候可以适当将归化和异化这两种方法结合起来,让这两种翻译策略分别发挥出自己的优势。

This thesis aims to make a comparison between the two translation strategies--foreignization and domestication. Through ana-lyzing the translation of KUNG I-CHI (孔乙己) by different translators, the thesis argues that different translation strategies were applied according to different readers. Combined with the analysis of Lin Yutang''s translation, this paper makes a conclusion that we can adopt foreignization and domestication in a balanced way to translate those literary works, in order to let our country''s literary works go beyond the boarder and be received by foreigner readers.

翻译是一个复杂的语言生成的过程，也是一个独特的思维活动的过程。在此过程中，元认知策略的运用起着极其重要的作用。在英语的翻译过程中，译者对翻译策略的调整是以元认知策略为基础的，成功的翻译离不开译者的元认知，元认知在翻译的各个阶段起着重要的作用。

Translation is not only a complex language generating process ,but also a unique thinking process. In this process,the application of metacognitive strategies plays an important role. Translators adjust the translation strategies according to the metacognitive strategies. Metacognitve strategies are important in different stages of translation.

目的：论在文学作品的翻译研究上应用的越来越广泛，但纵观目的论视角下对文学作品的研究，少有针对人名翻译的开展研究。因此本文拟将以沈从文小说中的人名翻译为例，探讨目的论视域下小说的人名翻译策略和翻译方法。通过研究发现，小说的人名翻译策略主要取决于译者的翻译目的：想让源语文化“走出去”的译者一般采用异化的策略，同时采取音译法和直译法居多；而对源语文化抱有“请进来”目的的译者将采用归化策略，在翻译方法上倾向于意译法及音译加注法。

The application of skopos theory in literary works’translation studies has become wider and wider, but there are few studies on name translation from the the perspective of Skopos theory. Therefore, this article will take Shen Congwen novel as an example, discuss the translation strategies and methods of name translation from the the perspective of Skopos theory. Through the study, we find that the translation strategies of characters’names are mainly dependent on the translator''s translation purpose:translators with the purpose of letting the source language culture“go out”will determine the use of foreignization strategy and meantime adopt transliteration and literal translation as the main translating methods; translators with the purpose of letting the source language culture“come in”will determine the use of domesticating strategy and tend to use transliteration, combination of transliteration and annotation.

目的论及翻译策略中的归化和异化,是翻译工作中较常用的翻译手段,翻译策略的选择可以直接体现出译者的翻译目的和思想,这恰可以体现出目的论在翻译中的应用。严复和林纾是中国19世纪末和20世纪初最负盛名的翻译家,他们本着远大的政治抱负和改革社会的目的来翻译国外作品,一方面彰显了翻译的政治目的,另一方面把西方文化思想引入中国,成为中国翻译界的先驱。虽然他们翻译文本的角度和翻译策略有所不同,但却有着"启发民智"的共同目的,其翻译思想在我国翻译史上起到启蒙作用。

Skopos Theory, domesticating and foreignizing translation strategies are the most commonly used means in translation. The choice of translation strategies always directly reflects translator''s objectives and their thoughts which can exactly reveal the application of Skopos Theory in translation. YAN Fu and LIN Shu are the most prestigious Chinese translation masters in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Both of them translated many foreign works out of their great spirit of lofty political ambitions and also for the purpose of social reform. Their translation objectives and thoughts demonstrate the political purpose of translation as well as introduces western cultural thoughts into China through their translation works, which made YAN Fu and LIN Shu great pioneers in the field of translation in China. Although they translated through different text translation perspectives and translation strategies, they shared the common purpose of"enlightening the people". And thus