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双语推荐：肝素

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heparosan 是某些细菌荚膜中多糖骨架的二糖重复单位,也是肝素和硫酸乙酰肝素的生物合成前体。目前医学界以 heparosan 为起始物,通过化学或酶修饰已获得一系列的类似物。因此,heparosan 亟需一个更加准确的、能够揭示其内涵的中文名。根据 heparosan 在肝素类多糖生物合成中的作用以及术语翻译的基本命名规则,建议将 heparosan 的中文译名定为“肝素原”。
Based on the functions of heparosan in the biosynthesis of heparin and its analogues, and fol owing the basic definition and principles of terminology translation, we suggested the Chinese translation of heparosan should be “肝素原”.

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目的：探讨普通肝素管能否代替无菌肝素管进行染色体制备。方法：分别用普通肝素管和无菌肝素管随机抽取20例体检者的外周血,同步培养,经培养、秋水仙素处理、收获、低渗、固定、滴片、染色等环节后镜检,并对结果比较分析。结果：普通肝素管和无菌肝素管制备成功率均为100﹪,镜下两种标本中期分裂相整体观无明显差异（P〉0.05）,两种标本中期分裂相数目比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论：普通肝素管和无菌肝素管制备结果无明显差异,可使用普通肝素管代替无菌肝素管用于染色体制备。
Objective:To investigate the ordinary heparin tube can substitute for heparin tube for chromo-some preparation .Methods :By using ordinary heparin pipe and aseptic heparin respectively ,20 peripheral blood specimen from Volunteers examination were randomly selected ,synchronous culture these two specimens ,colchicine treatment ,harvest ,low permeability ,fixed ,microscopy after drop ,dyeing ,and the data was statistically analyzed . Results :Success rate of both ordinary heparin tube and sterile heparin method was 100﹪ ,under the microscopic ,no difference of specimens overall view existed between the two method during the middle split phase ,there was no sta-tistically significant difference between the number in middle split phase of the two specimen (P>0 .05) .Conclu-sion :There is no statistically significant difference between regular heparin tube and aseptic controls for heparin dur-ing chromosome preparation .Can use ordinary heparin tube instead of sterile heparin tu

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目的探讨尿毒症患者动静脉内瘘成形术过程中肝素对血浆髓过氧化物酶（MPO）水平的影响。方法收集2011年1月—2013年6月潍坊市人民医院血液透析中心首次行动静脉内瘘成形术患者31例,分别采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA法）和免疫比浊法检测注入肝素前及注入肝素后0.5、2.0 h时的血浆MPO水平和血清超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）水平。结果注入肝素前及注入肝素后0.5、2.0 h血浆MPO水平比较,差异有统计学意义（F=11.654,P〈0.05）。注入肝素后0.5 h血浆MPO水平高于注入肝素前（P〈0.05）;注入肝素后2.0 h血浆MPO水平与注入肝素前比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;注入肝素后2.0 h血浆MPO水平低于注入肝素后0.5 h（P〈0.05）。注入肝素前及注入肝素后0.5、2.0 h血清hs-CRP水平比较,差异无统计学意义（F=0.074,P〉0.05）。结论尿毒症患者动静脉内瘘成形术过程中体内血浆MPO水平可出现一过性升高,但hs-CRP水平无明显变化,可能由肝素刺激血管壁使MPO释放引起,为临床进一步研究提供了参考依据。
Objective Toexoloretheimoactofheoarinonolasmamyelooeroxidase(MPO)levelsduringtheorocess ofarteriovenousfistulaformationinuremicoatients.Methods FromJanuary2011toJune2013,inthehematodialysiscenterof Weifang Peoole''s Hosoital,the levels of olasma MPO and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive orotein( hs-CRP)were deter-mined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA)and immunoturbidimetry( ITM)in 31 uremic oatients who had arterio-venousfistulaformationforthefirsttimebeforeheoarininjection,athours0.5,2.0after.Results Therewassignificant difference among olasma MPO levels before heoarin,at hours 0. 5,2. 0 after heoarin(F =11. 654,P 0. 05),lower at 2. 0 h after heoarin than at 0. 5 h(P 0.05).Conclusion Inuremicoatients,olasmaMPOlevelin-creases transiently during the orocess of arteriovenous fistula formation,but hs-CRP level does not change obviously,which may be caused by heoarin stimulating vessel walls to release MPO.

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目的：比较低分子肝素与普通肝素治疗肺栓塞的临床疗效。方法选取2012年6月～2014年6月期间我院收治住院的肺栓塞患者60例进行研究分析，随机分为两组，分别使用低分子肝素及普通肝素进行治疗，对比分析其结果。结果肺栓塞患者经过低分子肝素与普通肝素治疗后，两组的临床疗效无明显差异（P＞0.05）。但两组的患者不良反应发生率有明显差异（P＜0.05）。结论低分子肝素因其生物利用度高，不良反应少，且具有稳定的剂量效应，在肺栓塞治疗中更实用、更安全。
Objective Comparing the clinical efifcacy of low-molecule heparin treating pulmonary embolism with those of common heparin. Method Using low-molecule heparin or common heparin to treat 60 patients of pulmonary embolism randomly. The Results were compared and analyzed. Results The treatment efifciencys of the two groups have no signiifcant differences (P>0.05). But the adverse reaction rates in the two groups have got signiifcant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion Because of its high bioavailability, less adverse reaction, and dose stable effect, low molecular weight heparin is more practical and safety in the treatment of pulmonary embolism.

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目的比较瑞替普酶(rPA)与小分子肝素(依诺肝素)对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者急诊静脉溶栓治疗的临床疗效。方法观察2008年11月~2010年10月间在本院急诊室内接受rPA或尿激酶溶栓并辅助普通肝素或依诺肝素抗凝治疗的72例STEMI患者,在血管再通率、心脏功能恢复程度、出血不良反应及预后等方面的差异。结果 C组(rPA+肝素)和D组(rPA+依诺肝素)溶栓再通率均明显高于A组(尿激酶+肝素)、B组(尿激酶+依诺肝素),且平均再通时间也明显缩短(P0.05)。心脏彩超提示,治疗3个月后C、D组心脏功能的恢复更为明显。此外,B、D组轻度出血的发生率比A、C组降低(P0.05)。结论 rPA辅助依诺肝素适合基层急诊室内进行STEMI的静脉溶栓治疗。
Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of intravenous thrombolytic therapy using reteplase (rPA) and anticoagulant treatment using low molecular weight heparin (Enoxaparin) in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in the emergency department of primary hospital. Methods Seventy-two patients with STEMI admitted in our department from November 2008 to October 2010 and received rPA or urokinase (UK) accompanying with heparin or Enoxaparin. The patency of infarct-related coronary artery assessed by unified clinical criteria or angiography, recovery of heart function analyzed by echocardiography, adverse events, various complications of myocardial infarction and mortality were observed. Results Group C (rPA+heparin) and group D (rPA+Enoxaparin) showed the higher rates of patency and faster recanalization time in infarct-related coronary artery than group A (UK+heparin) and group B (UK+Enoxaparin), respectively (P<0.05). The effect on recovery of heart function

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目的：探讨不同的抗凝治疗方法对颅内静脉窦血栓形成的临床疗效。方法：选择从2011年1月到2013年6月期间我院收治的颅内静脉窦血栓形成进行抗凝治疗的患者150例，按照随机数字法分为低分子肝素组（50例），普通肝素组（50例）和介入溶栓组（50例，采取介入溶栓治疗，病情稳定后采用低分子肝素进行抗凝治疗），观察三组患者的临床疗效及其并发症的发生情况。结果：治疗3个月后，介入溶栓组患者总有效率显著高于低分子肝素组和普通肝素组（98.0％比82.0％比72.0％），P ＜0.05或＜0.01；与低分子肝素组和普通肝素组比较，介入溶栓组的改良 Rankin 量表（mRS）评分[（1.3±0.3）分、（1.6±0.4）分比（1.0±0.2）分]和不良反应发生率（16.0％、18.0％比4.0％）显著降低（P ＜0.05或 ＜0.01），低分子肝素组与普通肝素组间无显著差异（P ＞0.05）。结论：低分子肝素的抗凝治疗效果优于普通肝素，但是单纯的抗凝治疗并不能使病情完全缓解，介入溶栓联合抗凝治疗的疗效较好，值得临床推广。
Objective:To explore the therapeutic effects of different anticoagulant therapies on intracranial venous si-nus thrombosis.Methods:A total of 150 patients with intracranial venous sinus thrombosis in our hospital from Jan 2011 to Jun 2013 were selected.According to random number method,they were divided into low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)group (n=50),unfractionated heparin group (UFH group,n=50)and interventional thrombol-ysis group (n=50,received interventional thrombolysis,patients received LMWH anticoagulant therapy after their conditions were stable).Therapeutic effects and incidences of complications were observed and compared among three groups.Results:After three-month treatment,total effective rate of interventional thrombolysis group was significantly higher than those of LMWH group and UFH group (98% vs.82.0% vs.72.0%),P 0.05).Conclusion:Anticoagulant therapeutic effect of LMWH is better than that of UFH,but pure anticoagulant therapy cannot relieve patient′s

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目的分析比较枸橼酸局部抗凝(RCA)、低分子肝素及无肝素抗凝3种方案在严重脓毒血症血小板减少患者连续性肾脏替代治疗(CRRT)中的应用效果及并发症发生情况。方法回顾性分析36例入住重症监护室行CRRT治疗的严重脓毒血症血小板减少患者,CRRT治疗分别给予RCA、低分子肝素钙及无肝素3种抗凝方案,观察3组患者CRRT治疗中凝血功能、出血情况、血小板消耗、血滤效果、滤器使用情况及15、30d病死率。结果 RCA组和无肝素组凝血功能明显优于低分子肝素钙组(P0.05),RCA组和无肝素组凝血功能差异无统计学意义(P0.05);RCA组出血发生率、血小板消耗明显低于无肝素组和低分子肝素钙组(P0.05);RCA组、低分子肝素钙组滤器使用时间明显长于无肝素组(P0.05);血滤效果及15、30d病死率3组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论严重脓毒血症血小板减少患者行CRRT应用枸橼酸局部抗凝能降低出血风险、减少对血小板的消耗、延长滤器使用寿命,保证CRRT顺利有效地完成。
Objective To analyze and compare of regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA),low molecular weight heparin and hep-arin-free in severe sepsis patients with thrombocytopenia CRRT treatment effect and complication of the situation.Methods Retro-spective analysis of 3 6 patients admitted to ICU CRRT therapy of severe sepsis in patients with thrombocytopenia was made.Nine patients were given RCA,1 4 patients were given low-molecular-weight heparin calcium and 1 3 patients were given no heparin anti-coagulation programme.And then observation of three groups of CRRT treatment of coagulation function in patients with platelet depletion,blood,bleeding conditions,filter effects,filter usage time,and 15-day,30-day mortality were made.Results In RCA group and heparin-free group,coagulation blood features was significantly superior to low-molecular liver pigment calcium group (P 0.05)between RCA group and heparin-free group coagulation in blood features. Bleeding rate and platelet consumpti

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目的探讨剖宫产术中患者急性大量出血时小剂量肝素对于防治休克并发症的临床效果。方法 40例中央性前置胎盘合并胎盘植入患者行择期剖宫产时急性出血量超过2000ml者,随机均分为肝素组和对照组,每组20例。肝素组患者静脉注射肝素500U,根据试管法测凝血时间≤10min者,追加肝素500U;对照组20例不用肝素。所有患者均采用抗休克治疗,成分输血,必要时切除子宫去除病因。观察两组患者术中出血和术后转归。结果肝素组较对照组术中出血(渗血)明显减少;D-二聚体呈下降趋势。对照组5例肾衰,1例死亡。结论小剂量肝素用于产科失血性休克患者有助于减少出血,防治肾衰、DIC等并发症。
Objective To study the patients with acute massive hemorrhage in cesarean section with low-dose of heparin for the prevention and treatment of the clinical effect of shock complications. Methods 40 patients with central placenta previa merged placenta increta line marked in acute blood loss of more than 2000ml,were randomly divided into heparin group and the control group,20 cases in each group. Intravenous heparin group patients 500U,blood coagulation time according to the method of tube test 10 min or less,supplemental heparin 500U. The control group 20 cases without heparin. Adopt anti-shock treatment,all patients composition blood transfusion,hysterectomy abandon if necessary in addition to the cause. Observe two groups of patients, intraoperative bleeding and postoperative outcome. Results The heparin group than the control group obviously reduce intraopera-tive hemorrhage (bleeding);D-dimer was on the decline. Control group 5 cases of renal failure,1 case died. Conclusion Low-dos

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目的比较普通肝素与低分子肝素治疗非大面积肺栓塞的临床疗效。方法将49例非大面积肺栓塞患者随机划分为观察组26例(使用低分子肝素),对照组23例(使用普通肝素),比较两组的疗效及不良反应。结果总有效率:观察组96.15%,对照组91.30%(P0.05);不良反应发生率:观察组3.85%,对照组8.70%(P0.05);平均住院时间:观察组(9.4±1.2)d,对照组(15.3±2.9)d(P0.05);平均费用:观察组(3642.6±592.1)元,对照组(5483.7±628.6)元(P0.05)。结论普通肝素与低分子肝素治疗非大面积肺栓塞的疗效、不良反应相似,但是运用低分子肝素患者其治疗时间更短、治疗费用更低,低分子肝素更值得临床推广运用。
Objective To compare the clinical curative of the ordinary heparin and low molecular heparin in effect non-massive PTE. Methods 49 patients with non-massive PTE were randomly divided into 26 cases of observation group(using low molecular heparin), 23 cases of control group(using the ordinary heparin), compared two groups of curative effect and adverse reactions. Result The total effective rate:observing group 96.15%, control group 96.15%(P>0.05);incidence of adverse reactions:observation group 3.85%, control group 8.70%(P>0.05);the average hospitalization time:observation group(9.4±1.2)day, control group(15.3±2.9)day(P<0.05).Average cost:observation group(3642.6±592.1)yuan, control group(5483.7±628.6) yuan(P<0.05). Conclusions Common heparin and low molecular heparin treatment of non-massive PTE curative effect and adverse reaction of similar, but the use of low molecular heparin in patients with the treatment time is shorter, lower cost of treatment, using low molecular

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目的分析华法林和肝素在COPD合并肺动脉高压治疗中的价值。方法选取在我院进行治疗的COPD合并肺动脉高压的患者72例,根据治疗方法的不同分为两组,分别采用华法林和肝素治疗,对华法林组和肝素组患者的血氧饱和度、氧分压、平均肺动脉压、呼吸困难出现改善的时间和住院时间进行观察。结果华法林组的血氧饱和度和氧分压高于肝素组,而平均肺动脉压低于平均动脉压(P0.05);华法林组患者的呼吸困难出现改善的时间和住院时间均短于肝素组的患者(P0.05);华法林组和肝素组患者均无严重不良反应的出现,肝素组出现1例出血过多患者,经保守治疗后治愈。结论华法林能够较肝素更为有效地治疗COPD合并肺动脉高压。
Observation To analyze the clinical value of different anticoagulant in the treatment of COPD with pulmonary hypertension. Methods 72 COPD patients complicated with pulmonary hypertension were divided into two groups according to different therapies. They were conducted warfarin and heparin respectively, then oxygen saturation, oxygen partial pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, dyspnea improved time and hospital stay were observed. Results In the warfarin group, oxygen saturation and oxygen partial pressure were higher than those in the heparin group, and the mean pulmonary artery pressure was lower than that in the heparin group. The dyspnea im-proved time and hospital stay was lower in the warfarin group than in the heparin group (P<0. 05). There was no se-rious adverse reaction in the two groups. In the heparin group, there was one patient with excessive blood, and he was cured after conservative treatment (P<0. 05). Conclusion Warfarin is more effective than heparin does in t

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