在福克纳的短篇小说《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》中，艾米丽的变态心理和悲剧一生一直都是评论家们讨论的热点。学者们多从心理分析和女性主义视角探寻艾米丽自我意识缺失和受父权制禁锢、摧残的一面。该文将从艾米丽的文化身份出发，分析其不是作为普通的女性，而是作为南方淑女的代表，被神圣化和非人化对待的原因。进而探讨艾米丽背负的南方文化守护者的使命，受到的家庭和社会的双重束缚，有过反抗却最终走向极端的悲剧根源。

In Faulkner’s short story“A Rose for Emily”, Emily’s abnormal psychology and the tragic life are the main focus of the critics. Using psychoanalysis and feminist perspective to seek the root causing her tragedy, the critics focus on the absence of Emily’s self-consciousness and the devastation from the patriarchal society. This paper attempts to analyze Emily in light of her cultural identity as a Southern lady. She is not an ordinary woman but a sanctified and dehumanized representative of Southern la-dyhood. As Palladium of the Southern culture, she is repressed by the patriarchal individual and community, and resists every change to retain the past in her own way. Her life is constrained by her cultural identity.

《献给艾米丽的一朵玫瑰花》是福克纳发表在国家级刊物上的第一篇小说,也是福克纳被讨论最多的短篇小说。理解这篇作品需要注意的问题很多,在文本细读的基础上,对以下三个问题进行分析:故事的叙述者,艾米丽一生中的大事件,艾米丽的四个形象,从而为深入分析这篇作品提供较全面的信息。

A Rose for Emily is Faulkner''s first work published by the national magazine. It is also the most-frequently discussed short story written by Faulkner. On the basis of a detailed study of the story, the paper aims to analyze it from three aspects:the narrators, Emi-ly''s life story, and Emily''s four images.

《献给艾米丽的一朵玫瑰》代表了福克纳短篇小说创作的最高成就。福克纳运用现代主义写作手法，通过艾米丽的悲剧人生揭示特定历史时期南方人矛盾的精神世界，探索人类心灵冲突这一永恒的主题。

A ROse fOr Emily represents Faulkner''s greatest achievements in the writing of short stories. Modernist writing techniques are skillfully used by Faulkner to tell the tragic life of Emily to show the incompatible inner spiritual world of American South in a spe-cific period which is aimed at exploring the eternal theme of conflicts in human heart.

莎士比亚的“第116首十四行诗”和艾米丽的“追忆”极其相似地表达了爱情至死不渝、恒久不变的主题，但两位诗人又以各自独特的方式定义着“真爱”。莎士比亚认为爱是“两颗真心的结合”，爱情是浪漫的，世人应持着积极乐观的态度，而艾米丽认为“真爱就是你我的融合，相爱的人是融为一体的，其欢乐与悲伤共生共死”。此外，两诗从正反两个方面，引证了“爱”的真谛———拥有的要“珍惜”，失去的要“珍藏”。

Shakespeare''s "Sonnet 116" and Emily''s "Remembrance" have a strong resemblance in expressing the eternal love, but their ways of defining"true love"are distinctive. In Shakespeare''s view, love is romantic and human beings should hold a positive and optimistic attitude;however, Emily''s yearning for departed love is miserable. And the poems demonstrate the essence of"love"in two different aspects-the possessed should be"cherished"and the lost should be"treasured".

亚里士多德在《诗学》中最早论及悲剧主人公和悲剧人物性格，创立了悲剧理论，悲剧借引起怜悯与恐惧来使情感得到陶冶。结合亚里士多德在《诗学》中所阐述的悲剧理论，这篇文章通过对福克纳著名短篇小说《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》在人物形象塑造、悲剧效果上的分析，从而更深刻的理解这部悲剧作品。

Aristotle is the first ideologist to write on the topic of tragic figure and their character in his Theory of Poetry. He thought people can edify themselves by the emotion of pity and fear aroused by the tragedy. For getting a deeper understanding of A Rose for Emily, which is the best known short story of William Faulkner, this thesis will analyze the main character of the tragic figures and tragic effect in A Rose for Emily with the theories of tragedy which put forward by Aristotle.