以5种莲子壳粉不同配比配方栽培茶树菇,筛选出了莲子壳粉适合袋栽茶树菇的较优配方:莲子壳粉52%、棉籽壳26%、麦麸20%、石灰2%。采用该配方袋栽茶树菇,菌包菌丝生长较快,34 d菌丝长满菌包,出菇周期短,产量高,4批茶树菇每个菌包平均产量达到341.5 g干菇,生物转化率达68.30%,优于棉子壳袋栽茶树菇的产量。为莲子壳废弃物的利用开辟了新用途。

Five different formulas of lotus seed hull powder were used to cultivate Agrocybe cylindracea in bags, and an opti-mized formula was screened out as follows:lotus seed hull powder 52%, cotton seed hull 26%, wheat bran 20%, and lime 2%. When this optimized formula was used to cultivate Agrocybe cylindracea in bags, the mycelia grew rapidly , and they filled with the fungi bag in 34 days;the period of fruiting was short , and the average yield of dry Agrocybe cylindracea was high and reached 341. 5 g/bag in 4 batches of cultivation , which was higher than that of dry Agrocybe cylindracea cultivated in bags with cotton seed hull;its biological efficiency was 68.30%.This study opened up a new road for reusing the lotus seed hull waste .

针对莲子在自动化去芯过程中的钻偏问题，提出了莲子自适应定心方法，该方法基于一种由曲柄滑块机构与平行四边形机构组合而成的自适应定心装置，能实现去芯钻头位置随莲子大小变化而自动调整。利用随机优化算法对机构中的连杆参数进行了优化，实现去芯钻头轴线保持与莲子轴线同轴，理论定心偏差为0.0448 mm。研制了一种自适应莲子去芯机，进行了未分级莲子的去芯试验，结果表明：自适应莲子去芯机钻正率达91.25%，远高于现有去芯设备，初步验证了自适应定心方法的有效性与实用性。研究结果为莲子优质钻芯设备设计、与莲子形状类似物料的优质钻孔设备研发提供参考。

Lotus seed has very high nutritional and medicinal value, which consists of lotus shell, lotus kernel and lotus core. Because of the bitter taste, the lotus cores need to be removed before eating. The existing equipment for removing core can remove the lotus core fast by operating the coring bit. Before drilling, the lotus kernel has to be centered in the centering working position. The centering device generally consists of two rotating rollers. Under the action of gravity and friction force, the lotus kernel can be centered in the rotating process. However, the position of the coring bit is fixed in the centering working position, and therefore the drilling deviation occurs due to the diameter variation of lotus kernels, and the lotus cores cannot be removed effectively, which lowers the quality of lotus kernels directly. To solve the above problems, the classification process is applied widely. However, it is ineffective owing to the inaccuracy of the classification proces

由于莲子具有大小不一、脱壳去膜难度大及莲心苦的特点,必须对莲子进行分级、剥壳和穿心处理。传统的人工加工存在劳动强度大、生产效率低及卫生条件差等问题,应对莲子进行机械化加工。为此,分析了常用的莲子分级机、剥壳机和穿心机的原理和特点,引入电子检测技术,把莲子分级机、剥壳机和穿心机有机的结合起来,提出了莲子分级、剥壳、穿心一体计的工艺流程。

The traits of the difference in size , the great difficulty in shelling , and the bitter germ , lotus seeds must be graded , shelled and drilled in its production procedure .The traditional production procedure , exisiting high labor intensi-ty, low efficiency and poor sanitation , which has been already unable to the need of lotus seeds production .In order to appease the requirement , a new lotus seeds automated-manufacturing must be used .This research analysis the principle and the traits of the common machine , import automatic test equipment to combine the grader , the sheller and the drilling machine closely ,and pointed out the process for a integrated machine .

以淡水鱼为主要原料加工传统鱼丸,并将具有营养保健价值的莲子和红枣添加到鱼丸中,进而开发莲子红枣保健鱼丸。通过单因素试验,研究淀粉和莲子、红枣的添加量,采用正交试验,研究白砂糖、味精、食盐、小苏打、复合磷酸盐的最佳添加量。结果表明:莲子红枣保健鱼丸的最佳配方为淀粉15%,莲子浆10%,红枣浆12%,食盐2.0%,白砂糖1.5%,味精0.8%,小苏打0.8%,复合磷酸盐0.2%。此产品肉质鲜嫩,具有莲子红枣特有的风味,并具有保健功能。

Fish-ball was made of freshwater fish. Explore that adding the lotus nut and red dates of nutritious and healthy function into fish-ball to develop lotus nut and red dates nutritious fish-ball through single factor experimental study starch, lotus nut and red dates, through orthogonal experimental study sugar, monosodium glutamate, salt, sodium hydrogen carbonate, compound phosphate best recruitment. （The result showed that the best formula was 15%starch, 20%lotus nut serum, 12%red dates serum, 2.0%sah, 1.5%sugar, 0.8%monosodium glutamate, 0.8%sodium hydrogen carbonate, 0.2%composite phosohate.） The result also showed that lotus nut and red dates nutritious fish-ball and red dates fragrance and taste, healtheare function.

以莲子、脱脂奶粉为主要原料，采用模糊数学与正交试验进行综合评价的方法，研究凝固型莲子酸奶的制作工艺。结果表明，当莲子粉与奶粉按1∶5的料水比制成悬浮液时，莲奶比1∶2，加糖量5%，接种量4%，42℃下发酵4 h，可制得本试验条件下的最优产品，影响莲子酸奶品质的因素大小为莲奶比〉接种量〉发酵时间〉加糖量。

Using lotus seed, skimmed milk as the main raw material, a kind of solidification type lotus yoghurt is achieved with comprehensive evaluation method of fuzzy mathematics and orthogonal test. The results show that when the lotus seed powder and milk powder are made into suspension according the ratio of tomaterial to water are 1∶5, the ratio of lotus to milk is 1∶2, sugar 5%, inoculum size 4%, fermentation time 4 h at 42℃, the optimal product can be prepared. The influence of lotus yogurt quality: the ratio of lotus to milk>inoculum size>fermentation time>sugar.