综述了低过共晶铝硅合金、中过共晶铝硅合金以及高过共晶铝硅合金缸体/缸套材料的研究及进展情况，详细叙述了缸体孔/缸套工作面激光合金化、激光刻蚀、珩磨加工、等离子体涂覆、化学腐蚀等加工技术，对存在的问题进行分析总结，并提出解决方法。

Research progress of low hypereutectic silicon,medium hypereutectic silicon or high hypereutectic silicon aluminium alloy cylinder/cylinder sleeve is summarized. The machining techniques for cylinder hole and working face of cylinder sleeve such as laser alloying,laser ablation,honing,plasma coating,chemical corrosion and so on are introduced in detail. The existing problems are analysed and the resolving methods are put forward.

采用电磁搅拌结合定向凝固技术将过共晶铝硅合金中的初晶硅和铝硅合金分离，并研究不同的杂质元素在铝硅体系中的分布特点。结果表明：杂质元素主要分布在铝硅合金以及铝硅合金和初晶硅的晶界中。同时，根据初晶硅富集区域不同位置硅含量的不同，初晶硅的形貌由鱼骨状变成板状和球状，并且随着样品中不同位置硅含量的增多，初晶硅中的杂质含量降低。样品底部杂质的含量约为10×10^-6，与原料冶金级硅中的杂质含量1248.47×10^-6相比，杂质的去除效果很好。

The primary silicon crystals and Al-Si alloy in hypereutectic Al-Si melt were separated by electromagnetic stirring and directional solidification. Additionally, the distribution feature of impurities in Al-Si system was verified. The results show that the impurities are mainly located in Al-Si alloy and the grain boundaries between the Al-Si alloy and primary silicon. Furthermore, the morphology of primary silicon changes from fish-bone like to plate like and spheroid due to the different Si contents. The amount of impurities decreases with the increasing of Si content in different positions of the sample. The amount of impurities in the bottom of the sample is approximately 10×10-6, which is obviously improved compared with the 1248.47×10-6 in metallurgical Si.

采用液-液混合受控扩散凝固技术(CDS)制备过共晶Al-20%Si合金,研究高硅合金温度对目标合金组织中初生硅的影响及混合过程中初生硅细化的热力学条件。结果表明:采用液-液混合制备过共晶铝硅合金,可以细化初生硅,初生硅平均尺寸可达到37μm;但随着高硅合金温度的升高,初生硅的平均尺寸增加,板条状和五瓣星状初生硅也增多,当高硅温度超过790℃时,初生硅细化效果丧失。分析得出,只有当混合前两种合金吉布斯自由能的加权平均值小于混合后目标合金在液相线的吉布斯自由能(liquidusfinal,m G=-39.336 6 kJ)时,初生硅才能得到明显的细化。

The hypereutectic Al-20%Si alloy was fabricated by liquid-liquid mixing of controlled diffusion solidification (CDS), and the effect of temperature of high silicon alloy on the microstructure of primary silicon phase and thermodynamic condition of primary silicon refinement in the mixing process were studied. The results show that the primary silicon can be refined obviously and the size of the primary silicon can reach 37 μm in the preparation of hypereutectic Al-20%Si alloy fabricated by liquid-liquid mixing. When the temperature of high silicon alloy increases, the primary phase size increases. When the high silicon temperature is over 790 ℃, the refinement effect of primary silicon is lost. Additionally, when the Gibbs free energy of the liquids prior to mixing is less than the Gibbs free energy of the resultant liquid at its liquidus temperature ( final,liquidusmG =-39.336 6 kJ), the primary silicon phase will be refined obviously.

通过不同温度和时间的固溶制度研究了固溶处理工艺对改良铸造铝硅合金（0.35%Mg，7.0%Si，0.2%Ni，2.0%Cu，0.8%RE，0.2%Mn，0.1%V，其余为铝）组织和性能的影响。实验结果表明，在495℃×5h进行固溶处理时，改良铸造铝硅合金具有最好的综合力学性能：Rm=239MPa，硬度=103HBS，A=6.24%；改良铸造铝硅合金于495℃×5h固溶淬火析出富含Si、Cu、Ni以及RE元素的Si、AlCu、Al6Cu3Ni、AlxCuCe相。这些相的存在，有利于提高合金的力学性能和高温性能。合金经过热处理后以韧性断裂为主要方式并伴有准解理面现象，拉伸断口微观形貌主要表现为韧窝断口特征，有些存在少量撕裂棱。

By aid of solution system with different temperature and time, effect of solution treatment process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of modified aluminium silicon casting alloy(0.35% Mg,7.0% Si,0.2% Ni,2.0% Cu,0.8% RE,0.2% Mn, 0.1% V,balance is Al)was studied. The results show that,at 495℃×5h for solution treatment,modified aluminium silicon casting alloy has the best comprehensive mechanical properties:б=239MPa,HBS=103HBS,β=6.24%;modified aluminium silicon casting alloy at 495℃×5h after solution quench had Si,AlCu,Al6Cu3Ni,AlxCuCe phases containing rich Si,Cu,Ni and RE elements. These phases were helpful to improve the mechanical properties and high temperature performance of alloy. Ductile fracture for alloy after heat treatment is the main way and is accompanied by the quasi cleavage phenomenon. The tensile fracture morphology is mainly dimple fracture characteristics, some of the presence of a small amount of tear ridges.

通过机械合金化结合热压致密化的工艺制备Al-30Si、Al-40Si、Al-50Si 3种成分的高硅铝合金,采用金相、SEM、EDS、压缩实验、摩擦磨损试验等对合金的组织、抗压强度及摩擦磨损性能等进行研究。结果表明:合金显微组织中呈现Al相富集区、Si相富集区和铝硅混合区3种区域,且合金中Si颗粒细小,没有明显长大的现象。合金的抗压强度随Si含量的增加先升高后降低。Al-40Si合金具有最佳的耐磨性和减摩性,其磨损机理主要是磨粒磨损和氧化磨损。除磨粒磨损外,Al-30Si合金磨损初期存在粘着磨损,后期则以氧化磨损为主,而Al-50Si则存在较严重的剥层磨损。

Three kinds of high-silicon aluminum alloys (Al-30Si, Al-40Si and Al-50Si) were fabricated by mechanical alloying and hot pressing. The microstructures, compressive strengths and wear-friction properties of the alloys were investigated by metalloscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), compression tests and friction-wear tests. The results show that the microstructure of the alloys contains Al-rich region, Si-rich region and Al-Si mixed region, and the ultrafine Si particles in the matrix do not grow up obviously after the hot pressing process. The compressive strength of the alloys increases firstly and then decreases with increasing Si content. Al-40Si has the lowest mass loss and friction coefficient, its wear mechanism is mainly abrasive wear and oxidation wear. Besides abrasive wear, the wear mechanism of Al-30Si alloy contents adhesive wear at the beginning and then following oxidative wear, while Al-50Si alloy contents distinctly desquamat