2009—2010年,通过大田试验,在不同灌水梯度下,研究了少耕和秸秆覆盖对小麦间作玉米产量、耗水特性及水分利用效率的影响,旨在为高效节水间作技术体系的构建提供新思路。研究表明:间作处理的土地当量比(LER)为1.46~1.56,间作优势明显;高灌水平与低、中灌水平相比,少耕留茬间作及传统间作中,玉米组分经济产量平均提高44.4%和9.31%,小麦组分经济产量平均提高10.22%和2.36%;少耕留茬显著提高了小麦间作玉米播种前和收获后0~120 cm土层平均贮水量。少耕留茬、间作及灌水量均是影响小麦、玉米耗水量的主导因子,将少耕留茬集成于间作,并结合中灌水处理,为提高小麦、玉米WUE的最优组合。

During the year of 2009 to 2010 ,a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of reduced tillage and straw mulching on yield ,water consumption characteristics and water use efficiency (WUE) of wheat/maize intercropping system under different irrigation levels ,aiming at providing new ideas for the establishment of efficient wa-ter-saving intercropping technical systems .The results showed that the land equivalent ratio (LER) of intercropping was between 1 .46 and 1 .56 ,and the advantage of intercropping was remarkable .Compared to the low and intermediate irri-gation levels ,the economic yield of mazie under high irrigation level was increased by 44 .4% and 9 .31% in average , and that of wheat under high irrigation level was increased by 10 .22% and 2 .36% in average in intercropping with and without reduced tillage and straw mulching . The average soil water storage before sowing and after harvest stages of wheat/maize intercropping system in 0~120 cm profile was sig

为探明甘肃河西走廊绿洲灌区豌豆/玉米间作体系土壤无机氮时空分布现状和过量施用氮肥对环境的影响,2011年在田间试验条件下,采用土钻法采集土壤剖面样品,采用Ca Cl2溶液浸提、流动分析仪测定土壤无机氮含量的方法,研究了不同氮水平[0 kg(N)·hm?2、75 kg(N)·hm?2、150 kg(N)·hm?2、300 kg(N)·hm?2、450 kg(N)·hm?2]下豌豆/玉米间作体系土壤无机氮时空分布规律。结果表明:作物整个生育期内,灌漠土无机氮以硝态氮为主,其含量是铵态氮的7.55倍。在玉米整个生育期内,与不施氮相比,75 kg(N)·hm?2、150 kg(N)·hm?2、300 kg(N)·hm?2和450 kg(N)·hm?2处理的土壤硝态氮含量分别增加29.7%、67.5%、88.2%和134.3%。与豌豆收获期相比,在玉米收获时土壤硝态氮含量平均降低44.2%。间作豌豆和间作玉米分别比对应的单作在0~120 cm土层硝态氮含量降低6.1%和5.1%。豌豆/玉米间作体系土壤无机氮累积量在不同施氮量和不同生育时期都是表层(0~20 cm)最高。豌豆收获后,0~60 cm土层土壤无机氮累积量间作豌豆和间作玉米分别比相应单作降低4.9%和1.9%,60~120 cm土层降低10.8%和9.2%;玉米收获后0~60 cm土层平均降低28.2%和9.4%,60~120 cm土层平均降低23.5%和12.5%。土壤无机氮残留量间

The aim of this study was to determine nitrogen use efficiency and reduce environmental pollution caused by excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer in pea/maize intercropping fields in irrigated areas of Hexi Corridor, Gansu Province. To that end, a field experiment was conducted in 2011 to determine the spatial and temporal distributions of soil inorganic N (Nmin) in orthic anthrosol soils under pea/maize intercropping at different N application rates (N 0 kg·hm?2, 75 kg·hm?2, 150 kg·hm?2, 300 kg·hm?2, 450 kg·hm?2). Soil samples were collected in the 0?20, 20?40, 40?60, 60?80, 80?100 and100?120 cm soil layers and Nmin concentrations measured by flow analysis of extracted CaCl2. The results showed that NO3?-N was the major form of Nmin in orthic anthrosol soils with a concentration 7.55 times that of NH4+-N. During maize growth season, NO3?-N concentration increased by 29.7%, 67.5%, 88.2%and134.3%respectively under N rates of 75, 150, 300 and 450 kg·hm?2 over no N fertiliz

为探讨间作大豆(Glycine max)对甘蔗(Saccharum officinarum)根际土壤细菌及固氮细菌多样性的影响,收集和开发固氮菌资源,筛选高效甘蔗联合固氮体系,选用3个甘蔗栽培品种‘ROC22’、‘GT21’、‘B8’与大豆品种‘Guizao 2’进行间种栽培,采用巢式PCR特异扩增细菌16S rRNA基因片段和固氮细菌nifH基因片段,并结合变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术,对间作大豆的甘蔗根际土壤细菌及固氮细菌进行系统演化和多样性分析。聚类分析结果显示,间作大豆改变了甘蔗根际土壤细菌及固氮细菌原来的群落组成结构,尤其对固氮菌群落组成的改变更大,但对群落物种的优势度影响较小。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson多样性指数分析结果表明,甘蔗-大豆间作显著影响甘蔗根际土壤中细菌和固氮菌的多样性,其中对固氮细菌多样性的影响较大。不同甘蔗品种的根际土壤细菌和固氮菌在间作大豆条件下表现出不同的多样性,‘ROC22’和‘GT21’间作处理甘蔗根际土壤固氮细菌的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数显著高于单作处理,而‘ROC22’与大豆间作处理的甘蔗根际土壤固氮菌多样性最为丰富。在大豆生长盛期,间作处理的甘蔗根际土壤细菌多样性最为丰富,不同处理间的差异也最大,随后下降。总体来看,甘蔗-大豆间作

Aims In order to investigate the effects of intercropping with soybean on the diversities of bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), to collect and exploit nitrogen-fixing bacterial resources, and to screen for efficient sugarcane-associative nitrogen fixation system, an experiment was conducted by cultivating three sugarcane cultivars ‘ROC22’, ‘GT21’, and ‘B8’ with a soybean (Glycine max) cultivar‘Guizao 2’. Methods Rhizospheric soil bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria were measured in the rhizosphere of sugarcane intercropped with soybean by using a nested-PCR combined with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) technique. The specific bacterial 16S rRNA gene fragments and nitrogen-fixing bacteria nifH gene fragments were amplified for phylogenetic and diversity analyses. Important findings Cluster analysis of bacterial communities showed that the sugarcane-soybean intercropping changed the community c

丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)在土壤与植物系统的磷素循环中发挥着关键的作用。本文通过盆栽模拟试验研究了不同AMF接种状况[不接种(NM)、接种Glomus mosseae(GM)、接种G.etunicatum(GE)]和玉米/大豆间作体系不同根系分隔方式(不分隔、尼龙网分隔、塑料膜分隔)对间作玉米植株生长及磷素吸收累积的影响。研究结果表明:GM处理下的间作玉米根系侵染率在不同根系分隔方式之间的差异不显著,而GE处理则在塑料膜分隔处理下对玉米的侵染率最高。接种不同AMF对间作玉米促生效果不同,GM和GE处理在不同根系分隔情况下表现出各自的优势,与未接种处理相比,GM处理能使玉米生物量、株高有一定程度增加并在根系不分隔处理下玉米磷吸收较多、生长较好;GE处理能使植株生物量有一定程度增加并在尼龙网分隔处理下的玉米磷吸收较多、生长较好。间作体系不同根系分隔方式对玉米的影响也不同,其中玉米地上部生物量在根系分隔处理下普遍小于不分隔处理,但根系生物量的大小情况则刚好相反。另外,无论何种接种状况,玉米根系磷含量及吸收量均以尼龙网分隔处理显著较高。而根系磷吸收效率则以接种G.mosseae且不分隔根系处理显著高于分隔处理。所有复合处理中,以接种G.etunicatum与尼龙网分隔根系组合处理对间作玉米的生长及磷素累积的促进作用最好,若应用于滇池流域,可望有效控制坡耕地土壤磷素的迁移。

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) plays a critical role in phosphorus (P) cycle in the soil-plant system. AMF can reduce P fertilization amount through improving utilization ratio of P fertilizer and activating soil P availability. Intercropping system of different crops also increases nutrient uptake and utilization efficiency compared with monoculture system. AMF inoculation in intercropping system to reduce soil P loss has become a research hotspot. However, the beneficial effects of combination of AMF and intercropping on plant growth and P accumulation have not been fully understood on the purple soil. In this study, growth and P accumulation of maize (Zea mays L.) intercropped with soybean on purple soil was studied through a pot cultural experiment under different root separation ways and AMF inoculation. Three inoculation treatments [no AMF (NM), Glomus mosseae inoculation (GM), G. etunicatum inoculation (GE)] and three roots separation ways (no separation, nylon net separatio

在基于连锁餐饮企业物流配送效率影响因素的相关文献分析与实践思考基础上，构建了连锁餐饮企业物流配送效率的外部影响因素体系，并通过变量设计与问卷调查，运用结构方程方法对其因素间作用机理与大小展开了实证分析，提出了相应的对策。

In this paper, on the basis of a literature review of the factors influencing the logistics distribution efficiency of the chain catering businesses, we built the external influence factor system of the logistics distribution efficiency of these enterprises, then by designing the relevant variables and through a questionnaire survey, studied empirically the mechanism of the interaction among the factors, and at the end, proposed the corresponding countermeasures.