[目的]该研究指在探究一品红雌花柱头发育形态与柱头可授性的关系。[方法]以一年生一品红‘千禧’为材料，对其雌花发育进行了宏观及扫描电镜（SEM）观察，并采用联苯胺-过氧化氢法和活体花粉萌发法检测柱头可授性。[结果]一品红雌花发育进程可分为显花期、初开期、Y字期、八字期和翻卷期5个时期。雌花发育与柱头可授性具有相关性：柱头可授期在柱头裂片微张（初开期）和柱头开始翻卷（八字期）之间，最佳授粉期为八字期，持续时间3~5 d，柱头倒八状， SEM观察柱头表面可见大量渗出物；采用联苯胺-过氧化氢法检测柱头不同形态时期的可授性结果与活体花粉萌发法基本吻合。[结论]该研究表明在育种实践中，可根据雌花柱头发育形态来判别一品红最佳授粉时期。

Objective] This study aimed to investigate the relationship between pistil-late flower developmental morphology and stigma receptivity in Euphorbia pulcherri-ma. [Method] One-year-old adult plants of E. pulcherrima cultivar ‘Mil enium’ were used as experimental materials to analyze pistil ate flower development process by macroscopic and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation. Stigma receptivity was detected with benzidine-hydrogen peroxide method and in vivo pol en germina-tion method. [Result] The pistil ate flower development process of E. pulcherrima was consisted of columnar stigma phase, stigma lobe slightly opening phase, Y-shape stigma lobe phase, inverse V-shaped stigma lobe phase and stigma curling phase. Pistil ate flower development and stigma receptivity of E. pulcherrima exhibit-ed certain correlation. The stigma receptive period lasted from stigma lobe slightly opening phase to inverse V-shaped stigma lobe phase; inverse V-shaped stigma lobe phase was

东农810是以D0420为母本,以649为父本配制而成的黄瓜一代杂种。植株长势强,主蔓结瓜,第1雌花节位为第4~5节,雌花节率73.9%,强雌性。商品瓜为圆筒形,皮色深绿少刺、无光泽、微棱,瓜长16.0 cm,横径3.15 cm,单瓜质量140 g左右,瓜肉浅绿色。抗细菌性角斑病、枯萎病和霜霉病,中抗白粉病。平均产量4 600 kg·(667 m2)-1。适合东北、华北地区保护地栽培。

‘Dongnong 810’ is a new cucumber F1 hybrid developed by crossing D0420 as female parent and 649 as male parent.The plant grows vigorously,and it bears fruits mainly in its main stem. The first female flower is setting on the 4th or 5th node. It is a sub-gynoecious cultivar with female flower ratio of 73.9%.The fruit is cylindrical in shape with matt dark green skin and a few tumors.Its fruit is 16.0 cm in length,3.15 cm in diameter,about 140 g in weight.It has light green flesh.It is resistant to bacterial augular leaf spot,Fusarium wilt and downy mildew,and medium resistant to powdery mil-dew.The average yield is about 69 t·hm-2.It is suitable for protected cultivation in northeastern and northern China.

济优14号是以优良自交系05042作母本,以98011作父本配制而成的早春温室黄瓜一代杂种。植株生长势强,叶片中等大小,深绿色;瓜条顺直,瓜长30～35 cm,单瓜质量200 g左右,瓜皮深绿色,有光泽,刺瘤中等大小,密生白刺;主蔓结瓜为主,第1雌花节位位于主蔓第2～3节,雌花节率75%左右;抗霜霉病、白粉病和枯萎病;日光温室早春栽培前期产量2 900 kg·(667 m2)-1左右,总产量7 500kg·(667 m2)-1左右,适宜日光温室早春栽培。

‘Jiyou No.14’is a new cucumber F1 hybrid developed by crossing excellent inbred lines 05042 as female parent and 98011 as male parent.The plant grows vigorously.Its leaf blade is of medium size and dark green in color.Its fruit is straight and 30-35 cm in length and 200 g in weight. Its rind is dark green with shinny color.The papilloma is of medium size with densely white thorn. The first female flower appears at the second to third node.The female node rate is about 75%.It is resistant to downy mildew,powdery mildew and Fusarium wilt.Its total yield is 112.5 t·hm-2 in solar greenhouse in spring cultivation and in the preceeding period the yield is about 43.5 t·hm-2.It is suit-able to be planted in solar greenhouse in early spring.

对设施专用型耐热秋黄瓜新品种中玉的丰产性、单性结实能力、耐热性和抗病性等性状进行了比较研究.研究结果表明,中玉第一雌花着生于第4.8节,比唐山秋瓜(CK)低1.3节,其雌花数和坐瓜率分别较对照唐山秋瓜增加了34.2%和51.9%,单性结实能力达90%,约为对照的3倍;总产量高达6500 kg/667 m2,较对照增加35.5%;耐热性显著增强;对黄瓜霜霉病和白粉病表现为中抗,对枯萎病和细菌性角斑病表现为高抗,但与对照无显著性差异.

In the paper, we studied the characteristics of a new facilities heat-resistant autumn cucumber cultivar Zhongyu, including yielding ability, parthenocarpic ability, heat resistance and disease resistance. The results showed that its first female flower set on 4.8th node, which was lower than Tangshanqiugua (CK) by 1.3 nodes. The female flower number and fruit setting rate of Zhongyu, compared to those of Tangshanqiugua, had increased by 34.2%and 51.9%, respectively. The parthenocarpic ability of Zhongyu got to 90%, which was about three times of that of control. Its yield was about 6 500 kg/667 m2, which was 35.5% higher than that of control. Its heat resistance was also significantly enhanced. It was moderately resistant to downy mildew and powdery mildew, and highly resistant to Fusarium wilt and bacterial angular leaf spot, but the disease resistance between Zhongyu and Tangshanqiugua had no significant difference.

为了探讨榕树隐头果的发育期、性别、大小等外部特征对传粉榕小蜂选择的影响,采取人为控制雌花期的方法,对鸡嗉子榕(Ficus sermicordata)及其传粉榕小蜂(Ceratosolen gravelyi)的选择行为进行研究。结果表明,在隐头花序发育到雌花期后,如果阻止传粉小蜂进入,隐头果会继续生长。直径较小的雌果和雄果的进蜂量较多,且在雌雄果同时存在时,小蜂仍然会选择进入雌果,但进蜂量显著低于雄果。小蜂优先选择进入雌花期前期的隐头花序,雌雄果皆有此特点。对于相同发育期的隐头果,果径和进蜂量呈正相关关系,说明对于相同发育期的隐头果,小蜂更倾向于进入较大的隐头果。因此,真正控制小蜂行为的是隐头花序所处的发育期,以及不同发育期所产生的化学挥发物,而非隐头果直径大小。这为进一步研究榕-蜂系统的稳定机制提供依据。

The interaction between pollinating ifg wasps (Agaonidae) and their host ifg trees (Ficus) is a striking example of an obligate pollination mutualism. Successful pollination of ifg trees depends on a speciifc species of ifg wasp managing to ifnd ifgs of the correct host plant, at their correct stage of development. Encounters between receptive ifgs and their pollinators are attained by ifgs emitting species-speciifc volatile chemicals to attract their ifg wasps. However, whether and how the choice of ifg wasps can be inlfuenced by the characteristics of receptive figs are still controversial. The female phase of Fiucs sermicordata was deemed by whether fig wasps were willing to enter ifgs, the different developmental phase of male and female ifgs in receptivity were acquired at the same time by preventing ifgs from being pollinated by ifg wasps, and the diameter of ifgs was also measured to examined how fig wasps preferences can be reflected by the size, developmental phase and gender