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双语推荐：TDOA

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针对现有基于TDOA的定位算法难以适应信号完全非同步到达的辐射源定位问题,提出了一种新的基于TDOA的完全非同步照射辐射源定位算法。由各观测站自动提取辐射源脉冲样本图及开始时间,副站将提取的脉冲样本图及开始时间传给主站,主站利用脉冲样本图匹配及外推技术得到TDOA序列(TDOAs),解决了非同步照射引起的无法计算TDOA问题。通过计算两条时差双曲线的渐近线交点近似求取初值,通过牛顿迭代法实现对辐射源位置的估计。最后给出的数值仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。
As the existing location methods based on TDOA can’t adapt to absolutely asynchronous arrival location prob-lem of emitter signals,a new absolutely asynchronous radiation emitter location algorithm is proposed in this paper.Firstly every observing platform self-extracts the pulse pattern and its starting time of the emitter from the received pulse sequence respectively,and then the vice platforms transform the extracted pulse patterns and their starting times to the main platform. Finally,the main platform calculates the TDOA sequence (TDOAs)through the pulse pattern matching and extrapolating technique.This processing method solves the TDOA calculating difficulty problem brought by absolutely asynchronous radi-ation.The emitter position is estimated through the Newton iterative algorithm.The initial value of the Newton iterative al-gorithm is approximately obtained through calculating the intersection of two hyperbolas’asymptotes formed by the average TDOA of the TDOAs.Sim

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针对目前井下定位系统对环境变化敏感、定位准确度较低的问题，介绍了基于DOA和TDOA的井下定位算法。该算法利用TDOA算法的高精度化和DOA算法的高信号角度分辨率，以DOA和TDOA算法中各自方向角度的加权平均作为信号角度，结合用TDOA算法得到的位置半径计算出移动终端坐标。仿真结果表明，该算法在复杂的环境中能够取得较稳定的性能，且定位精度较高。
In view of problems that current underground positioning system is sensitive to environmental change and has low positioning accuracy,the paper introduced an underground positioning algorithm based on DOA and TDOA.The algorithm takes advantages of high accuracy of TDOA and high angular resolution of DOA,uses weighted average of respective direction angle of DOA and TDOA as signal angle,and combined with radius got by TDOA algorithm to calculate coordinates of mobile terminal.The simulation results show that the algorithm can achieve stable performance and high positioning accuracy in complex environment.

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针对现有基于TDOA的定位算法难以适应辐射源信号非同步到达的实时定位问题，提出了一种基于TOA预测的非同步照射辐射源定位算法。该算法采用脉冲样本图外推法通过各站接收的短时脉冲列计算TDOA序列（TDOAs），并通过牛顿迭代法实现对辐射源位置的初步估计。对新到达的脉冲采用脉冲样本图外推法进行TOA预测，判别脉冲属性，进而获得新的TDOA测量值，然后采用扩展卡尔曼滤波算法实现对辐射源位置的实时更新。仿真分析表明：该算法解决了非同步照射引起的难以计算 TDOA的问题，并增强了处理的实时性。
As the existing location method based on TDOA cannot adapt to the asynchronous arrival real-time location of emitter signals ,an asynchronous radiation emitter location method based on TOA prediction is proposed .Firstly ,the pulse pattern extrapolating method is adopted to calculate TDOA sequences (TDOAs) through the short-time pulse sequences received by observing platforms ,and the initial estimation of the emitter position is made with Newton iterative algorithm .Then ,the new arri-val pulse attribute is judged by TOA prediction based on the pulse pattern extrapolating method to ob-tain new TDOA values .The extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm is used to implement a real-time renewal of the emitter position .Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can not only o-vercome the difficulty in calculating TDOA that results from asynchronous radiation and but also en-hance the real-time processing .

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在铁路场景下,基于通信的无线网络定位技术中的定位误差主要来自系统测量误差,且参与定位的基站数目有限.文中结合TDOA算法和AOA算法中系统测量误差在定位误差中影响的互异特性,并利用铁轨路径方程,采用TDOA/AOA数据融合算法,有效地减小了系统测量误差带来的定位影响,提高了定位精度.在仿真实验中,用定位均方根误差作为评价指标,对TDOA算法、AOA算法和TDOA/AOA数据融合算法分别在不同条件下进行仿真分析.结果表明,在铁路场景下,本算法的定位均方根误差要小于TDOA算法和AOA算法,即该数据融合算法具有更好的定位性能.
In the railway scenario,based on wireless network location technology,the systematic measurement error leads to the location error,and the number of base stations which can locate is limited. In this paper,a TDOA/AOA data fusion algorithm is proposed,which can effectively reduce the location error and improve the accuracy. In this algorithm,TDOA algorithm,AOA algorithm,and the path equa-tion are combined. In the simulation experiment,compared with TDOA algorithm and AOA algorithm,TDOA/AOA data fusion algorithm has the smaller location root-mean-square error under different simulation conditions. Result shows this algorithm has better location per-formance.

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提出了一种基于到达时间（time of arrival，TOA）和到达时间差（time difference of arrival，TDOA）的空中运动平台对目标高精度三维定位的无源定位方法。该方法使用3个辅站信号到空中运动平台的 TOA 以及辅站位置确定空中运动平台自身的位置，然后依据目标散射回波到达各个辅站与空中运动平台的 TDOA 确定目标的位置。分析了三维 TDOA 目标定位模糊产生的原因，提出了一种无模糊的高精度 TDOA 目标位置求解算法。仿真结果表明，该算法比经典的 TDOA 定位算法精度高，而且不存在定位模糊，从而验证了该空中运动平台对目标进行无源定位方法的有效性以及正确性。
The target location could not be estimated in an aerial moving platform with a conventional passive location system.Based on time of arrival(TOA)and time difference of arrival(TDOA),a novel 3D target positioning scheme is provided,in which the position of an aerial moving platform can be located by u-sing TOA information of three signals and geographic locations from three auxiliary stations and the target position can be located with the help of TDOAs from the target scattering echoes recorded by the aerial mov-ing platform and three auxiliary stations.The reason why there is location ambiguity in the 3D TDOA loca-tion method is uncovered,and a high precision TDOA target positioning algorithm without location ambigui-ty is proposed.Compared with the classic TDOA location algorithm,the proposed algorithm can not only improve the location accuracy,but also eliminate the location ambiguity.The effectiveness and correctness of the passive 3D target location method of the aerial moving pla

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针对基于能量有限的分簇传感网实现对非配合辐射源的高精确度无源定位问题,提出了一种适用于传感网的接收信号强度差(RSSD)定位方法,并在其相关性能分析基础上提出了以RSSD定位为辅、到达时间差(TDOA)定位为主的两轮协同定位方案,即以RSSD定位结果作为目标位置初估计,并根据各簇在该初估计位置处的TDOA定位CRB,选择部分预期定位精确度较高的簇参与进一步的TDOA定位,最后通过对这些簇定位结果的加权平均得到最终的目标位置估计。仿真结果表明,相比基于GDOP的簇选择标准和定位融合方法,提出的改进措施提高了定位精确度,而RSSD/TDOA协同定位方案在保证较高定位精确度的同时,有效地减轻了网络负载,延长了网络生命周期,具有较好的工程应用前景。
A kind of RSSD(Received Signal Strength Difference) location method is proposed aiming at locating the uncooperative radiation source passively with high accuracy based on energy limited clustering sensor network. Two rounds cooperative location scheme relying on TDOA(Time Difference Of Arrival) location is proposed, in which RSSD is subsidiary and TDOA location is the main method. The preliminary estimation of target position is made by RSSD location method;then some clusters are selected with high expected accuracy to make further locating according to the CRB(Cramer-Rao Bound) of TDOA. Final estimation of target position is made by weighted averaging of these TDOA locating results. Simulation results show that, the proposed modified measures can improve the locating accuracy compared with clusters selection rule and locations fusion method based on GDOP(Geometry Dilution of Precision); and RSSD/TDOA cooperative location scheme can alleviate network loading effectively, extend networ

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为了将二维定位算法AOA和TDOA拓展成三维定位算法，文中提出了一种基于AOA/TDOA和UWB传输技术的WSN节点三维定位算法。该算法采用二维的AOA测角算法测量未知节点与信标节点之间的角度，采用TDOA算法测量未知节点与信标节点之间的距离，在测角、测距的过程中采用UWB通信技术来传输探测信号，使得探测信号具有较高的时间分辨率，从而提高测角、测距精度，最后基于文中提出的待测节点三维坐标计算方法求解出待测节点的三维坐标。为了验证算法的有效性，在Matlab软件中进行了仿真实验。结果表明：新算法定位精度相比于AOA算法、TDOA算法都有大幅度提高。理论和实践皆表明：新算法具有较高的定位精度，能够满足未知节点在三维空间中的定位需求。
In order to make two-dimensional localization algorithm of AOA and TDOA extended to 3-D positioning algorithm,put for-ward a wireless senor network nodes 3D positioning algorithm based on AOA/TDOA and UWB. This algorithm uses AOA to measure the angle between unknown nodes and beacon nodes and TDOA to measure the distance between unknown nodes and beacon nodes. What''s more,during the course of measuring the angle and distance,the algorithm uses UWB communication technology to make the detected signal has higher time resolution ratio,thus achieving higher angle and distance measuring resolution ratio. Finally,based on three-dimen-sional coordinates of the test node calculation method proposed in this paper,solve the three-dimensional coordinates of the test node. In order to validate the validity of improved method,carry out the simulation experiment in Matlab software. The experimental results show that compared with AOA and TDOA,the new algorithm positioning accuracy has gre

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射频定位中以接收信号强度（ RSSI）定位的方法存在信号干扰严重、抖动剧烈和误差较大等现象。为了减小射频信号定位的误差，在基于精准时间测量思想的传播信号到达时间差（ TDOA）方法和构建虚拟参考标签经典定位方法的基础上提出了TDOA双曲线定位方法。该方法利用射频信号TDOA，以精准时间差来测量射频（ RF）标签与目标之间的距离，然后借助双曲线定位算法对目标进行定位。仿真结果表明，相比目前经典的 LANDMARC 和VIRE定位方法，TDOA双曲线算法的定位误差50''可在0.216 m内。该方法有效利用了现代高精度时间测量的优势，在室内运动目标定位中具有定位精度高、应用范围广、实现简单等优点。
The current positioning systems based on RSSI ( Received Signal Strength Indicaiton ) method have some critical drawbacks, such as serious interference, violent shake and low accuracy. In order to reduce the positioning error of the radio frequency signal, a TDOA ( Time Difference of Arrival ) hyperbolic positioning method for indoor moving target positioning was proposed based on the TDOA method taking advantage of the precise time measuring thoughts and a technology of virtual radio frequency tags. It used TDOA method to measure the distance between target and tags, then located the target using hyperbolic algorithm. The simulation results show that, compared with the classical algorithm of VIRE ( Virtual Reference Elimination) and LANDMARC ( Location Identification based on Dynamic Active RFID Calibration) , half of the radius of the positioning error of the proposed algorithm is within 0. 216 m. Taking advantage of mordern high precision time measurement effectively, this

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针对移动终端精确定位的需求，分析了基于TDOA无线定位技术，将二维的定位推广到三维空间，推导了三维空间的Chan算法。同时，针对TDOA定位技术的准确性与精确的测距密切相关，采用Kalman滤波技术进行优化，获得了准确的终端与各基站的距离差，提升了定位的准确性。仿真结果显示，优化后的三维Chan定位算法，能够获得更加精确的三维定位信息。
According to the needs of pinpointing of mobile terminal, this paper analyses wireless location technology based on TDOA. Extending the existing two-dimensional location algorithms to three-dimen-sional space, we derive the Chan algorithm of 3 di-mension space. The location technology''s accuracy based on TDOA depends heavily on ranging. Optimiz-ing it with Kalman filtering technology, we could ob-tain an accurate range distance between the terminal and the base station, and improve the location accura-cy. The simulation results show that the 3D-Chan lo-cation algorithm could achieves more accurate 3D lo-cating information.

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通过对现有的无线网络定位技术(包括网络定位、终端定位、有源定位、无源定位)和各种定位算法(包括具有解析表达式解的算法、递归算法)的深入研究和分析,提出一种高精度的无源定位技术方案。这种定位技术采用无源网络定位模式,同时计算多个TDOA值,由地面定位站根据多个TDOA值解算出位置,以提高定位精度。面对用户对定位精度要求的日益提高,高精度地面无源定位系统将会有广大的市场前景。
The existing wireless network positioning technology(including network positioning,terminal positioning,active positioning and passive location)and various positioning algorithms(including algorithms with solutions of analytic expressions and recursive algorithm)are researched and analyzed deeply. A scheme of the high-accuracy passive location technology is pre-sented,in which the passive network position mode is adopted to calculate multiple values of TDOA at the same time,and then work out the position by the ground station according to multiple values of TDOA,so as to improve positioning accuracy.

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