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双语推荐：吃水

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考虑到影响船舶吃水的主要因素:船舶对波浪的响应、横倾引起的吃水变化、浅水中船舶的下沉和首倾以及航道底部情况分布特征是非常复杂和随机的,鉴于对动态吃水引起可航水深不足而导致搁浅的研究相对偏少,本文主要围绕船舶动态吃水采用蒙特卡洛方法建立船舶搁浅概率计算模型,为船舶安全通过受限水域提供依据,具有科学和现实应用的双重意义.
Considering the main factors affecting the ship draft:response to wave, ship heeling induced draught, sinking ships in shallow water and the first bend and channel bottom case distribution is very complex and random, in view of the dynamic draft caused by lack of navigable depth and led to the stranding of relatively low, the main focus of this article the ship dynamic draft a probability model using Monte Carlo method, provide the basis for the safety of the ship in restricted waters, which has dual significance of science and reality application.

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对于减载后的船舶吃水,目前尚无一明确的估算方法。文中基于对大量散货船数据的分析,得到关于散货船"吃水率"的回归方程,并提出了估算减载散货船吃水的方法,对进港航道水深受限散货码头的设计具有一定的帮助。
There has been no specific method to estimate the draught of a lightened vessel. Based on analyses of statistics of a large number of bulk carriers, an equation of regression for the “draught ratio” of bulk carriers has been derived. And a method to use this equation in the estimation of the draught of lightened ships is proposed, in the hope to facilitate the design of bulk cargo berths at port with approach channels of limited water depth.

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以水动力数学理论为基础，依据《海港总平面设计规范》选取相应代表船型，绘制不同水深吃水比值条件下的下沉量随船速变化的曲线族，进而得出不同大型船舶富余水深吃水比值。该比值对驾驶员有一定指导意义，也可对有关主管机关制定航行规则提供重要依据。
Based on the hydrodynamic mathematical theory , the paper drew the curves of squat changing with speed under different ratios of depth and draft according to the “Design Code of General Layout for Sea Port”, and then the ratios of the under keel clearance ( UKC) and draft of the ships were obtained, which has a certain guiding significance for the driver, while can also provide important basis for competent authority making navigation rules .

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通过物理模型试验,探讨矩形方箱锚链锚泊浮式防波堤在规则波作用时,透射系数随浮箱宽度、吃水深度、锚链初始张力等因素的变化规律。研究结果表明:增大浮箱的宽度和吃水深度,可以减小透射系数;增加锚链的初始张力,可以限制浮箱运动,减小透射系数。
Adopting the method of physical model, this paper studies the laws for the development of wave attenuation of the rectangular-pontoon floating breakwater in different plate widths, underwater penetrations and initial tensions of the chain. The result shows that the increase of the plate width and underwater penetration may reduce the transmission coefficient;While the increase of the initial tension of the chain can confine the motion of rectangular pontoon, and the transmission coefficient decreases.

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针对船舶水下安检技术发展现状,介绍了一种应用于船舶水下安检的多波束声呐系统的组成和原理,开展了一系列的湖上试验。通过对试验船只水下部分的声学扫描,得到了船底三维图像及船只吃水信息。试验结果表明,系统可应用于船底异物检查、船只吃水检测等船舶水下安检领域。
Based on the current development status of underwater security inspection technology about vessel ,the com-position and principle of the multi-beam sonar for the underwater security inspection of the vessel are introduced ,and a series of tests at the lake have been done .Through scanning the underwater part of tested vessel by acoustic scanning technology , the 3-D Image of the vessel''s bottom and vessel''s draught is obtained .The test result shows that this system is appropriate for underwater security field such as bottom foreign body checking and ship draft detection .

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近两年,在追求绿色、节能与环保的背景下,船东时常会要求设计方提供有关增加船舶结构吃水的可行性论证方案。文中通过对金陵船厂以往相关案例的分析(尤其是详细总结了在建散货船案例的整个设计过程),清晰梳理出增加船舶结构吃水的可行性论证思路、设计流程以及主要影响因素,从而为以后类似案例论证提供定性指导与定量参考。
In recent two years, ship owners often demand feasibility demonstration of the increment of the scantling draught with the background of green construction, energy saving and environmental protection. This paper analyzes the former relevant cases in Jinling Shipyard, especially summarizes in detail the overall design process of the construction for a bulk carrier in detail. It sorts out the feasibility demonstration, design flow and main influencing factors of the scantling draught, which provide the qualitative guidance and quantitative reference for further similar cases.

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文章通过对影响船舶吃水的主要因素,如船舶对波浪的响应、横倾引起的吃水变化、浅水中船舶的下坐以及航道底部等的分布规律的研究,拟合出其概率密度函数,然后使用蒙特卡洛(Monte Carlo)仿真船舶搁浅概率,其中船舶对波浪的响应采用了先进的粘性流数值计算方法。该模型可为受限水域航道建设和船舶安全通航提供参考。
In this paper, a deterministic model of ship under keel clearance is presented, which contains a set of random variables caused by ship maneuvering, including the vertical motion induced by wave, the heel during ship turning, the squat in sallow water and hydrographic data of seabed. They are represented by cer-tain distributions, and the ship basic response to typical wave is predicted by a CFD method. Via Monte Car-lo simulation, the stochastic uncertainty of a ship under keel clearance is observed, and the grounding prob-ability can support channel construction and vessel traffic safety analysis in restricted waterways.

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在对船舶作回转性能分析时,采用战术直径表征其他回转特征量,计算出不同舵角、航速、纵倾及排水体积下的回转圈战术直径。衡量各因素对战术直径的影响程度,总结战术直径随各因素变化的规律,得到不同排水量之间战术直径的简化算法,为试航回转试验的特征量从设计吃水转化为满载吃水提供了一种较简捷的近似换算方法。
Using tactical diameter as the characteristic quantity for ship turning ability analysis, this study calculates the tactical diameters of ship turning maneuver under different rudder deflections, speeds, trims and displacements; the degree of influence of various factors on the tactical diameter are measured, and the relations between tactical diameters and various factors are summarized. A simplified method to calculate the tactical diameters under different displacement are proposed to provide a more convenient approximation method to convert the turning test characteristic quantity from design draft to full load draft.

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为研究深吃水半潜式平台涡激运动响应,进行了静水拖曳模型实验研究,测试了在不同来流角度和不同来流速度下六自由度运动,从运动时历、运动响应幅值、运动轨迹等多个角度出发,分析和研究了深吃水半潜式平台涡激运动响应的关键特征和锁定范围。研究表明,深吃水半潜式平台涡激运动主要为横荡和纵荡,横荡居主导地位;响应幅值不仅与来流角度有关,且随折合速度的变化呈现出一定规律;135°来流时,响应幅值较大,且在6Ur8有明显锁定现象,Ur=7时最大响应幅值可达1.1D;180°和90°来流时,响应幅值相对较小,且无明显锁定现象。
In order to study Vortex Induced Motions (VIM) of a Deep Draft Semi-submersible platform (DDS), the model test was carried out in calm water and its 6-DOF motions was measured under different current directions and velocities. Further study was done in several aspects, including time series, response magnitude, trace, etc, to analyze the key characteristics and lock-in range of VIM. The results show that VIM of a DDS mainly includes sway and surge, however,sway is predominant. The response amplitude is not only dependent on current directions but also related to reduced velocity Urregularly. The response am-plitude is larger under current direction of 135 deg, lock-in phenomenon is observed when 6

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利用 Solidworks软件对两栖车辆进行三维建模，并进行了简化处理。对绕流场进行了划分，通过调整三个区域的相互位置，采用滑移网格方法实现了车体航行姿态的变化。在 Fluent 软件平台下，通过UDF程序监测浮力和重力、绕重心转矩为零的平衡关系，模拟出了在有无防浪板的情况下，总阻力、吃水深和纵倾角随速度的变化规律。从模拟结果看，速度较高时，间歇式防浪板有效的减少了总阻力、吃水深和纵倾角，提高了两栖车辆水上行驶的稳定性。
Three-dimensional modeling of the amphibious vehicle was set up by use of Solid-works software,and the model was simplified.The flow field was divided,and the change of the trim attitude of vehicle body was realized by means of adj ustment of the mutual position of three regions through silding-mesh method.On the Fluent software platform,the balances of buoyancy were equal to the gravity,and the torque around the gravity center were monitorted by UDF programme.The change rules of total resistance,draft and trim angle with speed were simulated under the condition of with or without breakwater board.From the point of view of simulation results,it can arrive at the conclusion that the batch-type breakwater can effectively reduce the total resistance,draft deep and trim angle at high speed,and it can improve the sta-bility of amphibious vehicle driving on water.

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