在救亡图存、强国善种的历史语境中，晚清小说对妻子的形象进行了多维度建构：雌伏的贤妻，雄飞的女英豪，甚至以国为夫的理想女性，成为时代话语。妻子形象的重塑，一开始就被赋予了重大历史使命，女性生命个体的独立被宏大救亡话语所吞噬而沦为民族国家的附属。但晚清小说对妻子形象的建构，从一定意义上来说，是妻子地位和角色不断凸显的过程，中国女性正是在这种个体价值被重新认识的历史契机中开始踏上艰难觉醒之路的。

In the historical context of saving the nation and power good,the novels of the Late Qing Dynasty constructed the wife’s images from the multi-dimensions:the ideal women such as retiring wifes,XiongFei female heroes and women re-garding country as their husbands became the era of discourse.Remodeling wife images was endowed with great historical mis-sion from the beginning.Women became the national’s subsidiaries because female personal independence was consumed by the great salvation discourse.But Chinese women began their difficult journey of awakening in the historical opportunity that their value was recognized again,because the construction about wife’image of the novels of the late Qing Dynasty was the process that female status and role was rising in a certain sense.This is the paradox of history.

林冲在妻子受到侮辱时虽然手拿尖刀然而只是吓唬人而已，并不真正想去复仇，表现其忍；而林冲休妻只是想逼死妻子为其守节而又能摆脱困难，表现其狠。所有“忍”与“狠”其实质内容就是贪恋富贵。

Although Lin Chong holds a knife when his wife was insulted , however , just to scare people , not really want revenge , this is his forbearance .While Lin Chong divorces his wife , just wanted a death sentence for a feast and they can get rid of the difficulties , this is his ruthless .The essence of both forbearance and ruthless is his love for wealth .

选取北京389对夫妻，采用婚姻压力、婚姻质量、婚姻承诺和夫妻支持问卷，探讨了婚姻压力和婚姻质量、婚姻承诺和夫妻支持的现状，以及承诺和支持在压力对婚姻质量影响中的调节效应。结果发现：（1）丈夫的婚姻质量、婚姻承诺及提供信息支持的水平显著高于妻子。（2）婚姻压力显著负向预测夫妻各自的婚姻质量，但只有妻子感知的婚姻压力能显著负向预测丈夫的婚姻质量。（3）婚姻承诺和夫妻支持的调节作用存在性别差异，即自身和配偶的承诺和支持水平，只能在妻子的婚姻压力对自身婚姻质量的预测中起到调节作用，而丈夫身上并未发现这一效应。

The affect mechanism by which marital stress exerts influence on couples′ marital quality is still unclear so far. We used convenience sampling to extract 389 couples in Beijing, and all couples fulfilled the self-report ques-tionnaires on marital stress, marital quality, marital commitment and spouse support. Based on the study, we ex-plored the status of marital stress and marital quality, and the moderating effect of marital commitment and support on marital quality. Following results were found: 1) husband′s scores on marital quality, marital commitment and in-formation support were significantly higher than wife′s. 2) Individual′s marital stress significantly predicted his (her) marital quality. Wife′s marital stress significantly predicted husband′s marital quality. 3) Wife′s and her partner′s perception of marital commitment and couples′ support were moderators of the relationship between marital stress and marital quality. However, this effect was not found i

婚姻稳定是社会和谐的基础。然而,伴随着农村人口大规模外出打工,留守妇女问题日益突出。由于夫妻长期分居,一些留守妻子出现精神出轨和行为出轨现象。这些留守妇女看似稳定的婚姻事实上已经处于失序状态,婚姻作为丈夫和妻子之间一种合约的作用受到削弱。本文通过深度访谈,对8个典型个案进行深入剖析,采用叙事性表达方式,深入揭示婚姻合约弱化的本质及其产生的社会后果。在此基础上,提出维护留守妇女婚姻合约、促进社会稳定的对策建议。

The marriage stability boasts of great significances to the harmony of society. However with increasingly large size of young people from the rural villages to find jobs in the urban , the stay-at-home wives find themselves facing many puzzles, the long-time separation from their husbands drives some of them into mental and behavioral extramarital sexuality. The seemingly stable marriage of these stay-home-wives'' has been in disorder to some degree, and the marriage contract between husband and wife has been weakened greatly. This paper, based on the in-depth interviews of 8 typical cases, analyses the causes and social outcomes of weakened marriage contract of these stay-at-home wives and puts forward some suggestions to maintain the marriage contract of the stay-at-home wives for social stability.

美国作家霍桑的短篇小说《胎记》以主人公艾尔默借助科学实验祛除妻子脸上的胎记这一事件为核心，通过全知全能的第三人称叙事手法，成功地再现了美国19世纪科学不断征服自然的伦理图景，将读者引入一个伦理失衡的故事世界。本文以文学伦理学批评为研究视角，沿着“以科技祛除妻子脸上胎记”这条伦理主线，通过还原该事件发生的“伦理现场”，逐一解构小说中的“伦理选择”、“伦理身份”等“伦理结”，希图由此剖析浸淫于作品深处的伦理特性。最后，乔治亚娜的伦理反思也体现了霍桑对科学技术的发展导致人类尊严流失的控诉。

Using third-person narration, Hawthorne tells a story that the scientist Aylmer tries to remove the birthmark from his wife’s cheek, in which Hawthorne succeeds in drawing an ethical picture of America in the 19th century, during which period modern science features rapid development and thus guides the reader into a fictional world of ethical imbalance .This paper in-tends to analyze the ethical features of the novel from the perspective of ethical literary criticism .Given the historical context of the event of removing the birthmark , the paper tries to decode a set of ethical complexes such as ethical choice and ethical identi -ty.Finally, the ethical reflection of Georgiana embodies Hawthorne ’ s denouncement of science and technology , which deprives people of their dignity as human beings .