柳宗元《江雪》的主旨历来看法不一。本文试图在学术大家对《江雪》主旨解构的基础上，从知人论世、对话文本、坐标参照、用典寓意和典传后世五个角度探讨《江雪》一诗的达旨。从身世、性格与宦海沉浮知其痴心所待；从言内表层结构晓其言外深层“垂钓”本意；从被贬时之作《渔翁》推其贬后所作《江雪》旨归；从古代用典寓意的传统表现手法，寻求解读“独钓”渊源；从典故的传承，明后代诗人对“垂钓”寓意的认同。最后得出结论：柳宗元《江雪》意在借江雪抒怀达旨，叹怀才之不遇，期帝王之垂爱。

Critics are different from each other for a long time about the general intentions of LIU Zong -yuan’ s ( a leading scholar , poet and statesman in Tang Dynasty ) poem“Snow on River” .On the basis of the deconstruc-tion of the general intentions of this poem by leading scholars , the author of the present thesis tries to study how this poem makes its points from such aspects as worldly knowledge , dialogue text , objects for reference , allusions and allusion transmission.The poet ’ s family backgrounds , his personalities and his social positions give us hints a-bout his expectations; from the surface structure of this poem , we can infer the deep implications of “Fishing”;from his poem“fisher” composed when he was demoted , we can understand the theme of his later poem “Snow on River”; from the traditional allusive implications from ancient times , we can interpret the origins of “fishing a-lone”; from the allusive transmission , we recognize later poets ’ reco

在唐代乃至中国历史上,柳宗元都是那些为数不多的具有鲜明个性的著名作家之一,特别是他的散文文体创作,具有诸多同时代的作家所不能媲美的创新特质。通过对古代散文的概念、文体论的概念以及对柳宗元的散文分类依据等方面进行分析,探究柳宗元散文的分体分类,有利于我们对柳宗元散文文体创新的研究。

In the Tang dynasty in China , LiuZongyuan is one of the famous writers who has a distinct personality .Especially his writing style in prose creation .This paper defines the concept of a prose style and concept of Liu Zongyuan''s prose classification and hope to provide some help in the innovation of prose writing style .

柳宗元诗中似陶渊明平淡风格者为数并不多,更多的是奇险之作。柳诗之奇表现为:题材奇异、构思奇妙、语言奇特。柳诗之险主要体现在用韵方面。柳宗元部分诗具有奇险风格的原因在于:好奇的个性;所处地理环境的影响;时代审美风尚的影响。柳宗元的奇险诗因难见巧,是达到平淡境界的基础。

There are only a few poems by Liu Zong-yuan having a plain style like those of Tao Yuanming .However ,more of Liu’s poems are the works of originality and rareness .The originality of Liu’s poems is reflected in the fantastic themes ,ingenious design ,and extraordinary language .The rareness of Liu’s poems is mainly embodied in the rhymes .These features are the production of his curiosity ,the influence of geographical environment and the aesthetic trend .The exquisite artistry can be found from Liu’s rare and original poems ,w hich is the foundation to achieving the detached realm .

王叔文贞元十三年就受到时为太子的唐顺宗赏识,之后又通过顺宗结识后来为永贞宰相的韦执谊。柳宗元、吕温等人也通过与王叔文的交往,逐渐进入东宫集团。贞元十九年,永贞革新的主要成员已经围绕顺宗东宫集聚完毕,并在当时形成较大声势。

In the year Zhenyuan 13, Wang shu-wen was appreciated by the prince Tang Shun-zong, through whom he met later prime minister Wei Zhi-yi. Liu Zong-yuan and Lv Wen, through contacts with Wang Shu-wen, gradually into the eastern palace group. In the year Zhenyuan 19, main members of the Yongzhen innovation had been aggregated around the eastern palace group, and was influential at the time.

审美意象是作家精神的符号和标志。屈原与柳宗元“骚怨”意象的主要差异，一是意象选择从神奇瑰丽转向世俗怪异，二是意象表达由连类比兴变为整体象征和寓言，三是意象关系由主客融合转向部分反常乖离。造成这种差异的客体原因主要是时代、环境和风俗的变化以及历史审美风尚的变迁；而主体原因则主要是屈、柳神秘思维与理性思维的不同建构。透过两者的差异及其成因，可以更好地把握屈、柳“骚怨”精神的个性特点。

Aesthetic image is a symbol of writer’s spirit. The differences in Qu Yuan and Liu Zongyuan’s“Resentment” images include: the choice of image is turned from magnificent to secular weird; the expression of image is turned from metaphor and analogy to a whole symbol and allegory, the relationship between images turned from subjective and objective fusion to anomalous deviation. The objective reasons are mainly the change of era, environment and custom and vary of aesthetic tide of history. The subjective reason lies in the differences in constitution of Qu Yuan and Liu Zongyuan’s mysterious and rational thinking. Through analyzing the differences and reasons, the personalities of Qu Yuan and Liu Zongyuan’s“Resentment”can be understood better.