木棉科为锦葵目的一科,该科中很多植物具有药用及其他重要的经济价值。本研究以水稻品种日本晴为内标,采用流式细胞仪,首次测定了两种木棉科植物木棉和瓜栗的基因组大小(2C DNA含量)。测定结果表明,木棉的基因组大小(2C DNA含量)平均为1.55±0.03 pg,瓜栗的基因组大小(2C DNA含量)平均为3.21±0.075 pg。测定结果为木棉科植物相关基因组学以及系统进化研究提供了参考依据。

Many plants of Bombacaceae , which belong to Malvales , have important medicinal and other economic values.Using rice ( Oryza sativa var.Nipponbare ) as an internal standard , the genome sizes ( the content of 2 C DNA) of Bombax malabaricum and Pachira macrocarpa were determined by flow cytometry for the first time .The results showed , the average genome sizes of B.malabaricum and P.macrocarpa were about 1.55 ±0.03 pg and 3.21 ±0.075 pg, respectively, and the results provides basic date for further study on relevant genomics and sys-tem evoluation for Bombacaceae plants .

2010年1—2月和2011年1—2月,在黑龙江大沾河国家级自然保护区收集了227份狍的粪便样本和28种植物样本。采用野外观察和粪便显微分析2种方法对狍的食性进行研究。结果表明：1)2010年通过野外观察得到的食物组分的多样性(2.458)和均匀度(0.784)均高于粪便显微分析结果(多样性1.737,均匀度0.579),2011年粪便显微分析结果的多样性(2.230)高于野外观察结果(1.414),但均匀度(0.645)较野外观察结果(0.698)低；粪便显微分析和野外观察食物组分结果分析表明,桦木科和杨柳科植物是该地区狍种群的主要食物,二者占总食物组分的76%~89%。2)对2种方法得出的食物组分结果进行回归分析与比较,结果显示：粪便显微分析高估了2010年和2011年桦木科和榆科、2010年蔷薇科和锦葵科食物组分,低估了这2年杨柳科、禾本科、蓼科以及2010年蔷薇科和2011年锦葵科食物组分。2种方法在结果上有显著差异,且彼此不可替代。3)单宁与动物的食物组分没有明显的相关性,其原因有可能是该地区狍种群的取食行为不受植物中单宁的影响,或者是由于本研究仅测定了植物中总单宁的含量而非起决定性作用的鞣花单宁。

We collected 227 fecal samples of roe deer ( Capreolus pygargus ) and 28 plant species in January and February of 2010 and 2011, in Zhanhe forestry farm, Lesser Xingan Mountains of China. Then we analyzed the compositions of winter food for roe deer population using direct field observation ( DFO) and microscopic analysis of feces ( MAF) . Results showed that:1 ) The diversity ( 2. 458 ) and the evenness indices ( 0. 784 ) of food composition by DFO in 2010 were higher than those by MAF with diversity (1. 737) and the evenness index (0. 579). The diversity (2. 230) by MAF in 2011 was higher than that by DFO ( 1. 414 ); however, the evenness index ( 0. 645 ) by MAF was lower than that by DFO (0. 698). The results of food composition from the DFO and MAF revealed that Betulaceae and Salicaceae are the major food sources for ore deer population which accounted for 76%-89% of all. 2 ) We compared the results of food composition from the two methods by regressional analysis, and f

花色苷是植物中一类由花青素与单糖结合形成糖苷类物质，因其抗氧化功能而具有较高的营养保健价值。马铃薯花色苷在薯皮、薯肉、匍匐茎、花、根、茎、叶中均有分布，主要存在于细胞的液泡中。研究表明，不同品种马铃薯块茎中花青素种类和含量存在差异，主要有6种：天竺葵素、矢车菊素、芍药色素、飞燕草素、锦葵色素和矮牵牛素。目前，花色苷合成途径已经清楚，其中涉及两类基因：一类是结构基因，其编码生物合成途径中所需的酶；另一类是调节基因。其编码的转录因子调控结构基因表达的强度和程度，影响花色苷的时空积累。该综述对马铃薯花色苷生物合成、相关基因克隆、功能及其应用研究进行详细介绍，并对彩色薯的育种研究提出了可行性建议。

Anthocyanins, a kind of glycoside, which are synthesized by anthocyanidin and monosaccharide, are known as the value of nutrition and health care for high antioxidant activity. Potato anthocyanins are widely distributed in its skin, flesh, stolons, flowers, roots, stems and leaves and mainly present in the vacuole of cel s. Extensive study revealed that there were difference about types and contents of anthocyanidins and there were six kinds of anthocyanidins in potato tuber, namely pelargonidin, cyanidin, peonidin, delphinidin, malvidin and petunidin. The genes which regulate the anthocyanin biosynthesis general y fel into two groups:the first group is the structural genes coding for the enzymes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway;the second group is the regulatory genes encoding transcription factors which control the expression of structural genes and affect the temporal and spatial accumulation of pigment. In this review, anthocyanin biosynthesis, cDNA cloning, functions expres

本文采用密度泛函理论中的B3LYP方法在6-311G（d,p）水平上对花青素分子中天竺葵色素、矢车菊色素、飞燕草色素、芍药色素、牵牛色素、锦葵色素及相关自由基分子进行了优化计算。从六个分子的结构参数、酚羟基氢原子上的自然键轨道（NBO）电荷数、酚羟基解离能、HOMO和LUMO能级以及其能级差△E（LUMO-HOMO）等方面分析了六种花青素类化合物清除自由基的活性。计算数据表明,酚羟基解离能、最高占据轨道及轨道能级差最能说明抗氧化活性情况,C4’酚羟基清除自由基活性最强,C3位最易发生糖苷化。在相同方法下对天竺葵色素分子C4’位酚羟基与·OH自由基的反应的过渡态进行了计算,发现该反应的反应势垒只有14.6 kJ·mol-1,反应热ΔH=-87.7 kJ·mol-1,该反应为放热反应。

Six anthocyanidins of pelargonidin,cyanidin,delphinidin,peonidin,petunidin,malvidin and their radicals were geometri-cally optimized by using the Density Functional Theory B3LYP method with 6-311G(d,p)basis set. The antioxidant activity to scav-enge harmful free radicals of the six anthocyanidins was discussed in detail based on their molecular structures,NBO charges on Phenolic hydroxyl hydrogen atoms,the dissociation enthalpy of phenolic hydroxyl bonds,the energies of the highest occupied molec-ular orbital ( HOMO ) and the low-est unoccupied molecular orbital ( LUMO ) , the energy gap between HOMO and LUMO, and etc. The dissociation enthalpy of phenolic hydroxyl bonds and highest occupied molecular orbital can most explain the antioxidant activity. The 4’-OH has the highest antioxidation activity and the 3-OH is highly glycosylated. In the end,the trans-ition state struc-ture of the pelargonidin scavenging OH free radicals by its C4’sites phenolic hydroxyl was optimi-zed

为进一步挖掘白刺属植物果实中花青素成分，以采自内蒙古两个地点的西伯利亚白刺果实为材料，利用高效液相色谱（ HPLC-DAD）技术，建立了定性定量分析西伯利亚白刺果实中花青素的方法，同时结合离子阱多级质谱（ MSn ）技术，从西伯利亚白刺果实甲醇提取物中鉴定出12种花青素组分，分别为：矢车菊素3-槐糖苷、矢车菊素3-戊糖苷、矮牵牛素3-芸香糖-葡萄糖苷、芍药素3-槐糖苷、矮牵牛素3-鼠李糖苷、锦葵素3-阿拉伯糖苷、芍药素3-己糖苷、矢车菊素3-顺式-香豆酰二葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素3-反式-香豆酰二葡萄糖苷、天竺葵素3-香豆酰二葡萄糖苷、芍药素3-丙二酰葡萄糖苷、矮牵牛素3-香豆酰葡萄糖苷。利用所建立的方法，分析并比较了3个不同成熟阶段和2个采集点样品中花青素组成和含量的差异。

In the present study ,an HPLC method was established for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the fruits of Nitraria sibirica based on the HPLC-DAD/TRAP-MS technique .The chemical structure of 12 anthocyanin components were identified , including:Cyanidin 3-O-sophoroside , Cyanidin 3-O-hexose , Cyanidin 3-O-( cis-p-cou-maroyl)-diglucoside,Cyanidin 3-O-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-diglucoside,Petunidin 3-O-rutinoside-glucose,Petunidin 3-O-rhamnoside,Petunidin 3-O-(p-coumaroyl)-glucoside,Peonidin 3-O-hexose,Peonidin 3-O-sophoroside,Peonidin 3-O-malonyl-glucoside,Pelargonidin 3-O-(p-coumaroyl)-diglucoside and Malvidin 3-O-arabinose.In addition,the content of the anthocyanin components were also determined .It provides the scientific basis for the further exploita-tion and utilization of anthocyanins in Nitraria sibirica.