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双语推荐：污闪

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利用石家庄地区1990～2013年电力污闪事故发生的详细资料，归纳整理出污闪发生的一般规律，结合诱发污闪发生的天气现象和气象要素，综合在不同气象条件下污闪发生的可能性大小，对其进行分级，给出污闪发生级别的综合预测标准，从而判定预测电力污闪发生的气象指数，并提出必要安全预防措施。结果表明：当气温＞15．6℃，相对湿度＜45％，风速＞4．8 m／s时天气晴朗，不会发生污闪；在相对湿度≥80％，风速≤2．0 m／s时，气温在－7．5～7．5℃时出现雾，气温在－4．5～4．5℃时出现积雪或结冰，极易发生污闪；在相对湿度≥80％，风速≤2．0 m／s，气温在－4．5～4．5 ℃时出现液态、混合或固态降水、轻雾，容易发生污闪。
Electric power pollution flashover occurring under different meteorological conditions was analyzed to improve the ability a-bout prediction of it. Based on the detailed information on electric power pollution flashover from 1990 to 2013 in Shijiazhuang,its gen-eral rules were organized and classified. Comprehensive prediction criterion of electric power pollution flashover was given,the meteoro-logical index criterion was determined,and the necessary safety precaution was proposed according to weather phenomenon and meteoro-logical elements. The results show that electric power pollution flashover would not happen when it was sunny with temperature more than 15. 6 ℃,the relative humidity less than 45% and wind speed greater than 4. 8 meters per second. Electric power pollution flash-over would happen very easily when it was misty with temperature being from -7. 5 ℃ to 7. 5 ℃,and it was snowy and icy with tem-perature being from -4. 5 ℃ to 4. 5 ℃ under the condition of r

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介绍了室温硫化(RTV)硅橡胶防污闪涂料的作用机理。分析了RTV防污闪涂料性能的影响因素。提出了RTV防污闪涂料存在的问题及发展建议。
The mechanism and performance influence factors of the RTV anti-contamination flashover coatings were introduced. The existing problems and development suggestions were given.

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污闪事故是导致我国电网大面积停电的重要原因。随着国民经济的快速持续发展，车辆尾气、烟尘排放、霾等使空气污染日益严重。同时，各种电压等级的输电网络不断发展扩大，架空输电线路在运行过程中长期暴露在空气中，导致空气中的尘土、工业烟尘等各种微粒及鸟粪等积聚在绝缘子表面，当积聚到一定程度时就会发生污闪事故。根据北方地区输电线路发生绝缘子污闪事故情况，作者提出了理调节外绝缘爬距、定期清扫、使用防污闪辅助伞裙、玻璃或瓷质绝缘子表面喷涂PRTV防污闪涂料、更换复合绝缘子等防污闪措施，在线路的实际运行中极大的降低了线路的污闪事故发生率。
the pollution flashover accident of power grid blackouts are the important reasons. With the rapid sustainable development of national economy, vehicle exhaust, soot, haze, such as the air pollution is becoming more and more serious. Development at the same time, all kinds of voltage grade of transmission network expansion, overhead transmission lines in long-term operation process is exposed to the air, causing the dust, industrial dust and other particles in the air and guano accumulation in the insulator surface, when accumulated to a certain degree of pollution flashover accident occurs. Transmission line insulator pollution flashover accident according to the northern region, the author puts forward the creepage distance adjusting outer insulation, regular cleaning, use antifouling and auxiliary umbrella skirt, glass or porcelain insulator surface spraying PRTV antifouling flashover dope, anti- pollution measures, such as replacement of composite insulator in actual operation of t

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实际运行环境中表面沉积污秽的支柱绝缘子在雨天气候条件下发生的污雨闪络是影响电站外绝缘安全稳定的重要因素。针对换流站支柱绝缘子的污雨闪问题,对涂有人工模拟自然污秽的支柱绝缘子试品,在人工模拟雨水的条件下完成大量的闪络试验,对支柱绝缘子的直流污雨闪特性及机理进行研究。通过对试验现象的观察发现:由支柱绝缘子伞裙边缘的水滴电晕引发的伞间空气击穿放电在绝缘子整个污雨闪的过程中具有重要地位;污雨闪试验过程中支柱绝缘子表面的干区及受潮状态与雾中污闪试验不同,导致沿面放电特点与污闪不同。此外,基于经典绝缘子污闪放电模型,建立描述支柱绝缘子污雨闪的放电模型,其中考虑了由水滴电晕引发的伞间空气间隙放电的作用。最后,对支柱绝缘子的污雨闪电压和污闪电压进行了比较,试验得到前者普遍高于后者,并分析二者存在差异的原因,其中支柱绝缘子的伞形结构对结果有明显影响。所做研究可为高压直流换流站外绝缘的设计、运行与维护提供技术参考。
The pollution flashover of post insulators in moist weather is an important factor which affects the external insulation of HVDC converter stations. This paper carried out a lot of contamination flashover tests of converter station post insulators in artificial rain. The discharge characteristics and flashover process of polluted post insulator in rain were obtained. According to the observation of test phenomena, it was found that the breakdown between shed caused by the water-drop discharge on the shed edge played a very important role in the rain pollution flashover process. Due to the different damp bound and dry bound condition, surface discharge characteristics of post insulators in rain were different from those in fog. Furthermore, based on the classical model of pollution flashover of the insulator, a model to describe the dc flashover process of the post insulator in rain was carried out. Moreover, U50%values of composite post insulators in fog were compared with those and in

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为了对实际高海拔下复合绝缘子耐污性能(污闪和污雨闪)及其影响因素进行系统研究,在高海拔(1970m)地区,对影响复合绝缘子直流污闪特性的因素,如盐密、灰密、盐成分和污秽上下表面分布等进行了系统研究,同时对直流污雨闪性能受盐密和淋雨量的影响进行了对比试验。试验发现,直流污闪电压与盐、灰密均呈负幂函数关系,盐、灰密越大,直流污闪电压越低;复合绝缘子直流污闪电压随着盐混合物中CaSO4所占比例的增大而升高;污秽上下表面分布越不均匀,污闪电压越高。同时,盐密对直流污雨闪电压的影响亦符合负幂函数关系;污雨闪电压随淋雨量的增大而降低。该结果可直接作为高海拔地区直流输电工程外绝缘设计的试验参考。
In order to research the pollution resistance performance(pollution flashover and raining flashover)of composite insulator and its influential factors for composite insulator in natural high altitude in China and aboard,based on these pollution flashover tests and raining flashover tests of contaminated composite insulators under different conditions(component of soluble material,distribution,ESDD and NSDD)in natural high attitude(1 970 m),the influence of pollution conditions on DC pollution flashover performance was analyzed systematically.The influential factors(ESDD and different precipitation rates)of raining performance were comparatively analyzed.The results show that,pollution flashover voltage decreases with the increase of ESDD by a negative power function as well as NSDD.The increasing percentage of CaSO_4 leads to the higher DC contamination flashover voltage.The relationship between flashover voltage and non-uniform pollution ratio of up-and-down surface is presented.The e

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本文介绍一种新型的表面处理剂，主要针对运行多年的电气设备外绝缘进行表面处理，提高其表面性能，以提高其防污闪能力。该表面处理剂能够在清洁表面污秽的同时，提高外绝缘表面的防污闪性能。对于瓷或玻璃绝缘子，本研究通过表面处理以提高其憎水性和自清洁能力。对于硅橡胶材料制品（复合绝缘子、防污闪涂层、硅橡胶套管等），特别是憎水性减弱或丧失的硅橡胶制品，本研究通过表面处理以提高其憎水性和自清洁能力，从而提高其防污闪能力。
This paper introduces a novel surface treatment agent, which is used to treat the surface of outdoor insulation of electrical equipments. The technology to improve the capacity of anti pollution flashover was researched as a novel measure of anti pollution flashover. The surface treatment agent can clean the surface contamination and improve the capacity of anti pollution flashover at the same time. For porcelain or glass insulators, the novel surface treatment agent can improve the surface hydrophobicity and self-cleaning capacity. For the silicone rubber products (e.g., composite insulators, anti pollution flashover coating, silicone rubber casing, etc.), especially, for the silicone rubber products whose hydrophobicity had weakened or lost, the surface hydrophobicity and self-cleaning capacity were improved after treating the surface, so that the capacity of anti pollution flashover was improved.

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提出一种基于分段拟合求积分的RTV防污闪涂料涂层厚度控制方法,利用该方法求取绝缘子表面积,同时根据涂料密度和硫化特点,通过调整RTV防污闪涂料重量,达到控制RTV涂层厚度的目的。
A coating thickness control method of RTV anti-contamination flashover is presented based on sectional fitting quadrature. The insulator surface area can be obtained, according to the coating density and vulcanization characteristics, so the thickness of the coatings can be controlled by adjusting the weight of RTV anti-contamination flashover coating.

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从输变电设备防污闪角度讲，雾霾与传统的湿沉降、污(脏)雾是同一概念。雾霾对输变电设备外绝缘影响的研究，主要包括雾霾的理化特征、雾霾对绝缘子表面污秽度的影响、雾霾的模拟及其对绝缘子污闪电压的影响等内容。文章重点介绍了20世纪90年代以来北京、上海两地开展的试验研究工作：大气污染易演变成霾与雾霾天气，导致输变电设备外绝缘表面湿沉降的增加。雾霾脏污程度可用雾水电导率表征，雾霾的持续作用可使绝缘子表面污秽度有限增大，绝缘子污闪电压有所降低。近年来，国网公司系统坚持“绝缘到位，留有裕度”的防污闪方针，成功地抵御了雾霾天气对输变电设备的侵袭，遏制了大面积污闪事故的发生，线路污闪跳闸率降至历史最低水平。
In the viewpoint of preventing pollution flashover occurred on transmission and distribution equipments, the fog-haze is of the same concept as the traditional concept for wet deposition and dust fog. The research on the influences of fog-haze on external insulation of transmission and distribution equipments mainly includes the physical and chemical features of the fog-haze, the influence of the fog-haze on contamination level of insulator surface, the simulation of the fog-haze and its influence on pollution flashover voltage of insulators. The achievements of experimental research on the fog-haze performed in Shanghai and Beijing since 1990s are emphatically presented: atmospheric pollution easily evolves into the haze or the fog-haze weather, and it makes the increase of wet deposition on external insulation surfaces of transmission and distribution equipments; the smudgy degree caused by fog-haze can be characterized by fog conductivity;the sustained action of fog-haze makes the d

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通过研究相同结构高度、不同伞裙结构的复合绝缘子对耐污闪电压的影响,发现复合绝缘子的耐污闪电压不随其爬电距离的增加而线性增大。基于兰州特殊的地理环境,分析了不同伞裙结构复合绝缘子的耐污闪性能,认为五伞结构的复合绝缘子耐污闪性能较好,能够满足兰州地区110kV线路外绝缘的配置要求。
In order to increase the anti-pollution flashover performance of 110 kV line, Lanzhou Power Supply Company proposed the higher allocation requirements of external insulation. Through studying the effect of different umbrella structure of the composite insulators with the same structural height on the pollution flashover voltage, it is discovered that the pollution flashover voltage does not linear increase with the increase of creepage distance. Based on the special geographical environment of Lanzhou, the an-ti-pollution flashover performance of the composite insulators with different umbrella structure was ana-lyzed. The results show that the anti-pollution flashover performance of the composite insulators with five-umbrella structure is the best, which can satisfy the allocation requirements of external insulation of 110 kV line in Lanzhou area.

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介绍了国内外室温硫化硅橡胶(RTV)防污闪涂层的老化分析方法,主要包括憎水性测量、电气性能测试(泄漏电流和污闪电压)以及RTV防污闪涂层的理化特性分析(热失重分析、傅里叶红外光谱分析、TSC分析、SEM分析、小角度X-ray分析以及气相色谱分析等),其中RTV防污闪涂层的理化特性分析具有实验用量少、操作简单、检测结果精确度高及可定量分析RTV涂层的老化程度等优点,成为目前RTV涂层老化程度检测中最为有效、可靠的方法,具有广泛的应用前景。
Some aging analysis methods of room temperature vulcanization rubber(RTV) insulator coating with anti-pollution flashover at home and abroad were introduced, including the measurement of drophobicity, the test of electrical properties(leakage current and flashover voltage) and the physicochemical properties analysis of RTV anti-pollution flashover coating(TGA, FTIR, SEM, X-ray and gas chromatography). Due to the advantages of low dosage, simplicity of operation, high precision and can quantitatively analyze the aging degree of the RTV coating, the physicochemical properties analysis method of RTV flashover coating becomes the most effective and reliable method, which has abroad application prospect.

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