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双语推荐：竹子

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对2003 年以来的竹子分子生物学研究进展进行了综述,包括现代分子手段在竹子分类学研究中的开发与应用,鞭芽发育、快速生长、开花、抗逆等相关的重要功能基因研究,基因组测序和转录组测序,遗传转化体系的建立等.这些为今后竹子生物学的研究提供了依据.
Bamboo species (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) possess a distinct life history characterized by a predominance of rhizome-dependent asexual reproduction and erratic lfowering at intervals of 1 year to 120 years. Some bamboo species are of notable economic, ecological and social signiifcance throughout the World. Considerable progress has been made in bamboo research in the past few years. The advances in bamboo molecular biology since 2003 were reviewed, including the development and application of modern molecular tools in the taxonomy; the cloning and characterization of key genes involved in the critical biological processes of bamboo, such as rhizome bud development, rapid growth, flowering and stress-tolerance; the accomplishment of bamboo genome and transcriptome sequencing projects; and the establishment of genetic transformation systems. The progresses in bamboo molecular biology research provide new insights into further biological studies in Bamboo.

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楼观台森林公园成功引种栽植竹类植物18属136种(含种下等级),形成了我国北方地区最大的竹子专类园(百竹园).在竹子专类园功能与作用探讨的基础上,根据楼观台百竹园调查资料,对百竹园的现状和存在问题进行了分析,提出了百竹园提升改造规划设计的思路和具体的关键性内容:1)处理好与总体规划的关系,对百竹园合理功能分区;2)突出科学研究、科普教育功能;3)以人为本的基础设施改造;4)提升竹林整体景观效果;5)加强百竹园竹文化建设.
After 40 years of constructions,Louguantai Bamboo Garden has become the biggest one in northern China.One hundred and thirty-six species (including varieties),belonging to 18 genus are cultivated in the garden.Based on the discussion of the functions and roles of bamboo gardens,combining the investigation data,this paper analyzed the present status and problems existed in the garden.Some ideas and key contents for the promotion and reconstruction for Louguantai Bamboo Garden were put forward:1) based on the general planning of Luguantai,the rational functional division is necessary; 2) the highlight the function of the bamboo garden is for scientific research and public education; 3) the construction of people-oriented infrastructure should be used; 4) promote the overall landscape effect of bamboo forest; 5) to strengthen the construction of bamboo culture in the Bamboo Garden.

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水分是植物正常生命活动必不可少的环境因子，对植物的生存起着决定性作用，研究植物对水分胁迫的生理响应和适应机制，有助于在生产上采取切实可行的技术措施来提高植物的抗性或保护植物免受伤害，及筛选耐受水分胁迫能力强的植物等。综述了水分胁迫对竹子膜脂过氧化、抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质、光合生理特性等的影响，分析了竹子在水分胁迫条件下的生理适应与响应规律，并对水分胁迫条件下基因表达、生理整合、激素调节和耐水湿竹种筛选与应用等方面进行了研究展望。
Water as an essential environmental factor for the plant normal life activities,plays a vital role in plant growth and development.Elucidation of the physiological response and adaptation mechanisms of plants to wa-ter stress helps to take technical measures to protect plants from stress harm and improve the ability of resistance to stress,and it has great significance in breeding to select high tolerant plants of water stress.This review deals with the influence of water stress on membrane lipid peroxidation,antioxidant enzyme activity,osmotic adjustment sub-stance,photosynthetic physiology and the physiological adaptation and response of bamboo to water stress.We also put forward some prospects for bamboo studies in future,such as the gene expression under water stress,physiolog-ical integration,hormone regulation,selection and application of water logging tolerant species.

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我国是世界上研究、培育和利用竹子最早的国家，竹也是中华民族气节的象征。本文从竹文化影响着中国人生活的方方面面出发，指出中国人的恋竹情结是建立在千百年来对竹的认识和开发利用基础上的。
China is the world''s earliest country to research, culti-vate and utilize bamboos. The bamboo is a symbol of integrity of the Chinese nation. Starting from the influence of the bamboo culture on various aspects of Chinese people''s life, this paper points out that Chinese people''s complex of bamboo love is built the the basis of their thousands of years of understanding and uti-lization of bamboos.

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竹子在云南少数民族餐具中的应用非常广泛，而且形态丰富多样。对几种典型的云南少数民族竹制餐具的造型、审美、加工工艺等特点进行探讨，展现少数民族独有的餐饮文化，挖掘少数民族竹制餐具在现代餐饮文化发展中的积极作用。
Bamboo is very extensive application in the yunnan minority tableware. To explore the modelling,aesthetic,and processing technology,of bamboo tableware in yunnan ethnic minorities,discusses the characteristics of present national minority unique food culture, mining minority bamboo tableware in the positive role in the development of modern catering culture.

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我国竹胶合板模板经过二十几年的发展在很多省份已初具规模并形成了产业。由于竹子材料特性,生产工艺,企业管理等因素的影响导致竹胶合板模板存在产品质量问题。笔者就产品生产管理中发现的问题提出了改善竹胶合板模板产品质量的措施。
After 20 plus years’ development, the Chinese plybamboo template industry has established its presence in many provinces. The quality problems of the template products have emerged due to bamboo’s unique properties, processing technology, and management practices. The authors hence proposed practical measures to improve the quality control.

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研究竹子的结构和蒸煮特性,分析竹浆蒸煮中所出现问题的原因,并进行竹片蒸煮添加渗透剂的试验。试验结果表明,渗透剂能够加快蒸煮液渗透,提高蒸煮均匀性,增加纸浆得率,改善纸浆质量。
The structure and cooking performance of bamboo were studied, the troubles in bamboo cooking were analyzed, and the experiment of bamboo cooking adding penetrating agent was done. q＇he results of experiment showed that the penetrating agent can speed penetration of cooking liquor, improve cooking uniformity, increase yield and strength of pulp.

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分析并确定了采用液压系统控制竹子整形机刀具进给部分,介绍了竹材整形机液压系统的工作原理以及设计思想,采用比例流量阀控制刀具进给速度提高了进给精度,动力源部分采用节能型泵控回路提高了整个系统的工作效率,最终提升了旋切单板的质量。
Hydraulic system controlling tool feed device of bamboo reshaping machine,was analyzed and determined. The work-ing principle and the design idea of the hydraulic system of the bamboo reshaping machine were introduced. Proportional flow valve was used to control tool feed speed,so feed accuracy was increased. For power source,energy-saving pump control loop was adopted to improve the efficiency of the whole system. The quality of rotation cutting of bamboo timber was improved.

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针对竹子多，竹家具少的现状，在分析市场调查的基础上，研发了基于竹文化的系列竹家具。从设计理念、造型和人机等角度分析“竹家具”的基本特点，并对市场前景与产品价值进行了分析与预测。“竹家具”体现了传统与现代的有机融合，是一款具有竹韵味的产品。
according to the status of bamboo have much but the bamboo furniture are less, on the basis of the analysis of the market survey, research and development of a series of bamboo furniture based on bamboo culture. From the design concept, model and ergonomics analysis of the basic characteristics bamboo furniture, and the value of market prospects and the products were analyzed and forecast. "Bamboo furniture" embodies the organic fusion of traditional and modern, is a have flavor products.

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傅里叶变换红外光谱结合主成分分析和系统聚类分析用于竹类植物鉴别分类研究。六种竹亚科植物54个竹子叶片的红外光谱测试结果显示竹叶光谱主要由蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂类等吸收带组成，竹叶光谱相似，仅在1800～700cml范围峰数、峰位、峰强上存在较小的差异。六种竹子叶片红外光谱的二阶导数谱在1800～700cm。范围显示明显差异。用1800～700cm。范围二阶导数光谱进行主成分分析，在主成分PCI，PC2，PC3三维空间图中，所测试竹叶样本分类正确率达98％；在PC3-PCA二维投影图显示所有竹叶样本正确分成六个区域；用1800～700cm。范围二阶导数光谱进行聚类分析，所测竹叶样本正确聚为六类。表明FTIR结合统计分析能够在种水平对竹亚科植物鉴别分类。
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchicalcluster analysis (HCA) were used to identify and classify bamboo leaves .FTIR spectra of fifty-four bamboo leaf samples belong-ing to six species were obtained .The results showed that the infrared spectra of bamboo leaves were similar ,and mainly com-posed of the bands of polysaccharides ,protein and lipids .The original spectra exhibit minor differences in the region of 1 800~700cm -1 .The second derivative spectra show apparent differences in the same region .Principal component analysis and hierar-chical cluster analysis were performed on the second derivative infrared spectra in the range from 1 800 to 700 cm-1 .The leaf samples were separated into 6 groups with accuracy of 98% with the first three principal components ,and with 100% accuracy according to the third and fourth principal components .Hierarchical cluster analysis can correctly cluster the bamboo leaf sam-pl

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