约束规范是数学规划中的重要研究内容，是保证约束优化问题的局部最优点满足稳定点条件的限定条件。鉴于非线性规划领域中约束规范条件的新进展，提出了带有垂直互补约束的数学规划（M PVCC ）问题的几个新的约束规范，包括常秩约束规范、常正线性约束规范、松弛正线性约束规范等，并且讨论了它们之间的联系。

Constraint qualifications are important in mathematical programming .These conditions en‐sure optimality conditions of constrained optimization .By considering the new development in con‐straint qualifications in nonlinear programming ,we propose some new constraint qualification for M PVCC problems ,called M PVCC‐CRCQ、M PVCC‐CPLD M PVCC‐RCPLD ,and discuss their rela‐tionships .

了解重症监护室(ICU)患者身体约束使用现状。方法:采用自行设计的《ICU患者身体约束调查表》回顾性调查102例ICU使用约束的成人患者资料,内容包括一般资料、疾病与治疗状况、身体约束特征、护理记录等。结果:ICU患者身体约束的使用率为45.7%,其中65岁及以上老年人占41.5%,精神心理状况异常者占13.2%,认知状况受损者占12.1%,镇静剂使用者占17.2%,机械通气者占75.2%;约束工具以手腕棉布约束带为主,部位以肢体约束为主;存在约束护理不规范、使用指征不明确、护理记录不全等问题。结论:应逐步明确患者身体约束的使用指征及护理内容,构建信息化管理系统,最终形成适用于我国临床护理工作的规范。

Objective:To examine physical restraint usage in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Methods:A retrospective study was conducted among 102 ICU adult patients. A self-designed questionnaire was used including patient’s demographic information, health and treatment characteristics, physical restraint pattern and related nursing records. Results:About 45.7%of the ICU patients received physical restraints. The characteristic of those who were restrained were 41.5%over 65 years old, 13.2%with psychiatric condition, 12.1%with cognitive impairment, 17.2%using sedation, and 75.2%with mechanical ventilation. The main tools were wrist restraints and extremity restraints were mainly applied. Restraints practice with no clear guidelines, unclear indicators and incomplete nursing records were the existing problems. Conclusion:Further studies of physical restraints of ICU patients are needed in order to ifnd the indicators of physical restraints, to establish the clinical decision-making reference

互补约束优化问题是一类重要的最优化问题,在科学和工程中有着重要的应用.交通规划的道路扩容问题,经济学领域的DICE模型都是互补约束优化问题.这类问题因为约束集合不满足通常的约束规范而不能用传统的非线性规划方法处理,往往用光滑近似的方法来克服这一困难.考虑一类互补约束优化问题的基于光滑化Fischer-Burmeister函数的扰动方法.证明了当光滑化参数μ↘0时扰动问题的值收敛到原问题的最优值,扰动问题的最优解集合的外极限包含在问题最优解集合中.说明扰动问题很容易满足通常的约束规范,并给出扰动问题的一阶必要性最优条件和二阶充分性最优条件.

Mathematical programs with complementarity constraints are an important class of optimi-zation problems ,which have important applications in science and engineering .For examples ,the road capacity expansion problem in transportation and the DICE model in economics are such kind of problems .Traditional nonlinear programming solvers can not be used to solve mathematical programs with complementarity constraints ,because conventional constraint qualifications do not hold for the constraint sets ,and smooth approximationmethods are proposed to overcome such a difficulty .This paper considers the perturbation approach based on the smoothed Fischer-Burmeister function for a class of optimization problems with complementarity constraints .We prove that the optimal value of the perturbed problem converges to that of the original problem and the outer limit of the solution set for the perturbed problem is contained in the solution set of the original problem w hen the smoothing par

垂直互补约束数学规划问题在工程设计、生产计划、优化控制等方面有很多应用。本文提出了一种求解垂直互补约束数学规划问题的松弛方法，并证明了：在垂直互补约束数学规划问题线性独立的约束规范条件下，松弛问题稳定点的任何聚点是原问题的C-稳定点。如果进一步还满足二阶必要性条件，则这些聚点是M-稳定点。基本数值结果表明提出的方法可以很好的求解垂直互补约束数学规划问题。

Mathematical program with vertical complementarity constraints (MPVCC) has many applications in various fields such as engineering design, manufacturing plan, optimal control and mathematical programming itself. We present a relaxation method for MPVCC. We show that, under the MPVCC linear independence con-straint qualification, any limiting point of stationary points of the relaxed problems is Clarke stationary to the original problem and, if the additional second order nec-essary optimality conditions are satisfied, the limiting points must be M-stationary. Preliminary numerical results show that the proposed method is able to finely solve MPVCC.

目的 构建科学、规范的约束使用流程体系,提高约束使用的安全性和有效性.方法 应用Delphi法对11名专家进行问卷咨询.结果 经过2轮咨询,确立4个一级指标11个二级指标的“身体约束适用性评估表”和4个一级指标26个二级指标的“身体约束实施流程表”,肯德尔和谐系数分别为0.37和0.38,专家权威系数0.84.结论 专家对该流程认可度较高,意见较集中,研究具有一定的可信度.

Objective To establish a scientific and normative process for using physical restraint,and to increase the safety and efficiency of physical restraint.Methods On the basis of the previous studies,combined with the literature and clinical,we drafted a process framework of using physical restraint and then conducted consultation from 11 experts by using the Delphi technique.Results After 2 rounds of consulting,an evaluation form,consisted of 4 first-dimensions and 11 second-dimensions,and a process,consisted of 4 first-dimensions and 26 second-dimensions,were established.Kendall''s W were 0.37 and 0.38 respectively,and expert authority coefficient was 0.84.Conclusions The results from the study is valid,feasible and reliable,however it still need to be further perfected.