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双语推荐：缓释

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为了提高工业碱木质素的利用率和扩大其应用范围,以工业碱木质素和聚乙烯醇( PVA)为原料、甲醛作为交联剂、添加硫酸钾和硫酸镁制备交联碱木质素-聚乙烯醇基钾镁缓释膜肥。采用FTIR-ATR方法测定缓释膜肥的化学结构,并用淋溶实验检验缓释膜肥对钾、镁的缓释作用。结果表明：1)缓释膜肥在3260 cm-1左右的峰变小变宽,1332.57 cm-1处吸收峰消失,1145.51~983.52 cm-1范围内吸收峰变大,说明碱木质素、聚乙烯醇经甲醛交联有化学反应发生。2)与纯PVA交联薄膜相比,碱木质素的加入不利于钾的缓释,而适量的碱木质素有利于镁的缓释,碱木质素加入量可达20%。随着甲醛加入量的增大,钾累积释放率减小；适量甲醛有利于镁的缓释,但随着甲醛加入量的增大,缓释膜肥对镁的缓释性能降低。对镁的缓释,甲醛的合适加入量为3.59%。缓释膜肥对钾的缓释主要是分子结构的物理阻挡作用,而镁缓释除了物理阻挡作用还有木质素的螯合作用。3)对缓释膜肥的动力学试验数据进行拟合,钾缓释的4种模型拟合程度都很高,其中Higuchi模型拟合程度最高,决定系数为0.9941,说明钾缓释行为遵循Fick扩散。镁缓释模型中Ritger-Peppas模型的拟合程度最高,决定系数为0.9742,其缓释指数(0.5≤n≤1.0)表明镁缓释行为是扩散
In order to improve the utilization of industrial alkaline lignin and expand its application scope, with alkaline lignin and polyvinyl alcohol ( PVA ) as primary materials, formaldehyde as crosslinker, potassium sulfate and magnesium sulfate added, alkaline lignin/PVA cross-linked slow-release film was prepared by casting. The reaction film was characterized by FTIR-ATR. Release performance for K and Mg from alkaline lignin/PVA cross-linked film was measured by leaching experiment. The results showed that:(1) the absorption peak was at 3 260 cm-1 , and vanished at 1 332. 57 cm-1 , and became larger between 1 145. 51 ~983. 52 cm-1 , which indicated that the cross-linking reaction occurred between alkaline lignin and PVA with formaldehyde. (2) Compared with the cross-linked PVA film, the addition of alkaline lignin was unfavorable for the K release, while the appropriate amount of alkaline lignin was in favor of Mg release. The content of alkaline lignin can be 20%. With the in

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目的 将壳聚糖纳米粒子与壳聚糖单向缓释膜结合,制备得到负载纳米粒子的壳聚糖单向缓释膜,并对其理化性质及体外释放性能进行研究.方法 采用反相乳化法制备壳聚糖纳米粒子,采用流延法制备壳聚糖单向缓释膜,通过透射电镜、扫描电镜和粒度分析仪检测纳米粒子的形态、大小及壳聚糖单向缓释膜表面形貌,MTT法检测其生物相容性,荧光显微镜观察纳米粒子在壳聚糖单向缓释膜中的分布,体外释放实验检测单向缓释膜的缓释性能.结果 4种水溶性壳聚糖纳米粒子呈球状且粒径均一,其中类透明质酸壳聚糖纳米粒子平均粒径为(255.40±39.10) nm,具有最好的生物相容性及缓释性能.壳聚糖单向缓释膜外层膜致密,内层膜疏松,纳米粒子在内层膜中均匀分布,体外释放实验证明,壳聚糖单向缓释膜为单向释放,且具有较好的缓释性能.结论 包载纳米粒子的壳聚糖单向缓释膜具有较好的缓释和单向控释性能,在生长因子类药物载体方面有一定应用前景.
Objective To prepare and characterize nanoparticles in-loaded one-way release-controlled chitosan membrane,and to explore the release-controlled rule of the film in vitro.Methods The chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by inverse crosslinking-emulsion method.The one-way release-controlled membrane was prepared by a casting method.Transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to evaluate the morphological properties and particle size analyzer was used to analyze particle size distribution.The morphology of the membrane was inspected through scanning electron microscope (SEM).MTT assay was applied to determine the biological safety of chitosan nanoparticles.The distribution of the nanoparticles was observed by fluorescence microscope.The in vitro release studies were adopted to evaluate the release-controlled rule.Results The four kinds of nanoparticles had spherical shapes and uniform particle size.The size of the hyaluronic acid-coated chitosan nanoparticle was (255.40±39

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[目的]探讨氯醋树脂型缓释氮肥的养分释放特征及对土壤矿质氮的影响。[方法]以氯醋树脂和羟基改性的氯醋树脂为新型包膜材料制备包膜缓释氮肥，用水浸泡法来评价氯醋树脂型缓释氮肥的养分释放特征和用盆栽试验法研究氯醋树脂型缓释氮肥对土壤矿质氮的影响。[结果]氯醋树脂缓释氮肥的释放期为60 d，羟基改性的氯醋树脂缓释氮肥为50 d，氯醋树脂和羟基改性的氯醋树脂缓释氮肥处理的土壤铵态氮含量在30 d时达到了最高峰，土壤硝态氮含量在60 d时达到了最高峰，氯醋树脂缓释氮肥处理的土壤硝态氮含量在120 d时出现一次上升。在小麦产量上，各处理间无显著差异，但在后期的水稻产量上，氯醋树脂缓释氮肥显著高于羟基改性氯醋树脂缓释氮肥处理（P＜0.05）。[结论]盆栽试验法与水浸泡法评价缓释氮肥的释放天数是不同的，一季旱田作物并不能发挥缓释氮肥的肥效长的特点，需要做两季的水旱轮作，才能真正的发挥它的作用。
Objective] The aim was to explore release characteristics of vinyl chlo-ride-vinyl acetate copolymer control ed-release N fertilizer and the effects on mineral nitrogen in soils. [Method] Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer and hydroxyl-modi-fied VC/VAc were taken as coating materials to prepare slow release fertilizer. Nutri-ent release characteristics of VC/VAc slow release fertilizer was evaluated by water immersion method and the effects of VC/VAc slow release fertilizer on mineral ni-trogen were researched by pot experiment. [Result] The release periods of VC-VAc control ed-release urea and hydroxyl-modified VC/VAc coated urea were 60 and 50 d, respectively. Furthermore, the content of ammonium nitrogen reached the peak on the 30th d and the content of nitrate nitrogen reached the peak on the 60th d in soils in treatments with VC/VAc and hydroxyl-modified VC/VAc; the content of nitrate nitrogen rose again on the 120th d in the treatment with VC/VAc. In terms of wheat yield, dif

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目的观察脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)缓释胶原凝胶支架对神经干细胞生长和分化的影响。方法将BDNF与胶原凝胶溶液混合,制备成BDNF缓释支架,采用ELISA法检测缓释支架中BDNF的释放曲线,然后将大鼠胚胎神经干细胞接种于缓释支架中作为实验组,并观察神经干细胞在缓释支架中的生长情况。以常规添加BDNF并悬浮培养的神经干细胞作为对照组,采用免疫荧光方法鉴定缓释支架中神经干细胞分化成不同神经细胞的比例,并用细胞活力检测试剂盒(CCK-8)检测不同培养组中神经干细胞的活力。结果 ELISA结果显示缓释支架可以持续释放BDNF达到10 d,体外实验显示该缓释支架与神经干细胞有较好的生物相容性,CCK-8检测显示缓释支架中神经干细胞活力优于对照组(P0.05),免疫荧光证实缓释支架中神经干细胞分化成神经元的比例要高于对照组(P0.05)。结论 BDNF缓释胶原凝胶支架具有良好的生物相容性,可以促进神经干细胞生存并诱导其分化成神经元。
Objective To observe the effects of the slow-release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF) from collagen gel on growth and differentiation of neural stem cells. Methods BDNF was mixed with collagen gel to prepare BDNF-collagen gel slow-release scaffold. The quantity and duration of BDNF release from the scaffold were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) . The embryonic rat neural stem cells were seeded in BDNF -collagen gel slow-release scaffold , and to observe the survival of neural stem cells . With group of daily add-ition of BDNF as a control, the proportion of differentiated cells of neural stem cells in BDNF-collagen gel slow-re-lease scaffold were identified by the immunofluorescence techniques. The cell viability of neural stem cells cultured in different groups was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Results The ELISA showed BDNF was released from collagen gel for at least 10 days in vitro. The study showed that the slow-release scaffold

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近年来,为更有效地发挥替莫唑胺对神经胶质瘤的治疗活性,局部、缓释给药成为替莫唑胺的研究热点。本文简述了几种研发中的替莫唑胺的局部缓释新制剂,其中替莫唑胺-聚酸酐缓释微球(TMZ-pCPP:SA)由于聚酸酐表面溶蚀等特性,具有良好的缓释特性,鼠颅内植入试验显示,比口服替莫唑胺具有更好的治疗效果,因此替莫唑胺-聚酸酐缓释微球作为颅内缓释制剂具有极为光明的前景。
In order to overcome the toxicity and side effects of systemic administration of temozolomide, locally sustained release administration of temozolomide has become the hot research topics in recent years. This paper reviewed a number of newly locally and sustained release fomulations of temozolomide. Among them, temozolomide-polyanhydrid ( TMZ-pCPP:SA) ,for its character of surface erosion, has the favourable sustained release property. The intracranial implantation test of rats indicated that TMZ-pCPP:SA had better treatment effects, less toxicity and side effects than oral administration of temozolomide. Thus, TMZ-pCPP:SA as an intracranial sustained release formulation has a bright future.

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缓释制剂的处方优化属于多因素、多水平的复杂优化问题,人工神经网络很适于处理这类复杂的多变量非线性关系。本文在对缓释制剂特性及影响其处方设计质量的重要因素进行细致分析的基础上,应用BP人工神经网络建立缓释制剂处方质量预测模型。研究结果表明,BP神经网络可以有效地进行缓释制剂处方质量预测,是缓释制剂处方优化的有力工具。
Optimization on sustained release preparation formulation is a multi-factor, multi-level complex optimiza-tion problem. Artificial neural network is very suitable for dealing with such complex multivariable nonlinear system.Based on analyzing the characteristics of sustained release preparation and the main influential factors of its quality, this paper focused on building a quality forecast model for sustained release preparation formulation by using BP neural network. The results showed that the BP neural network can effectively forecast the quality of sustained re-lease preparation formulation. It is a powerful optimization tool of sustained release preparation formulation.

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保水型缓释肥料把高吸水树脂与肥料缓释技术相结合,不仅可以提高肥料利用率,还可以赋予肥料良好的保水性能。文中综述了保水型缓释肥料的制备方法及缓释性能的测定,分析了其存在的问题,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。
The combination of the slow-release fertilizer technique and super-absorbent polymers can form slow-release fertilizer with water-retention, which has dual properties of water retention capacity and slow release at the same time. This paper reviews the present status, preparation and determining method of nutrient release of slow-release fertilizer with water-retention. The problems and development trends of slow-release fertilizer with water-retention are also analyzed.

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以海藻酸钠（SA）和酸化凹凸棒石（H＋-ATP）为原料，运用溶液共混法制备了一种具有优良缓释性能的复合材料，并以其为基质材料制备了双氯芬酸钠（DS）缓释片。利用SEM、FTIR和XRD对复合材料形貌和结构进行了表征，考察了酸改性剂浓度、H＋-ATP用量和复合时间对复合材料缓释性能的影响，以获得最佳复合工艺。结果表明，当用12 mol·L^-1盐酸酸化的ATP量占复合物总量60%时，复合缓释片在体外模拟肠液中缓释性能最佳。与单一海藻酸缓释片相比，复合缓释片2 h的累积释放率由42.6%下降到23.7%，有效改善了“突释”效应。释放动力学研究表明，复合缓释片的释药行为可以用Ritger-Peppas方程很好地拟合，释药速率受骨架溶蚀和药物扩散双重控制。H＋-ATP的加入显著改善了海藻酸的缓释性能。
A composite material with improved sustained release properties, based on hybridization of sodium alginate (SA) and acidified-attapulgite (H+-ATP ), was prepared by solution mixing and was developed for drug carrier. Diclofenac sodium (DS) was selected as the model drug to obtain release data from the composite-based matrix tablets in phosphate buffer solution (PBS)in vitro. The morphology and structure of the composite were characterized by FTIR, SEM and XRD. The effect of content of acid modifier, H+-ATP content and mixing time on the slow release properties of the composite were investigated to obtain optimum process condition. The composite with 60% H+-ATP treated by 12 mol·L-1 HCl exhibited perfect release properties. Compared with pure alginate tablets, the burst release of 42.6 % in 2 h decreased to 23.7% for the prepared composite. The drug release process of the composite was better fitted by the Ritger-Peppas model and the rate of drug release was governed by both

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运用不同配比制备多种过硫酸盐缓释材料,采用欧盟标准化组织制定的NEN 7375标准浸出方法测试其释放性能,利用相关性分析和克里格插值法探究材料组分配比对过硫酸盐缓释材料释放性能的影响规律.结果表明:作为制备过硫酸盐缓释材料基质材料的水、砂和水泥均有一定的适配范围,即水含量在5%~35%之间,砂含量在0~85%之间,水泥含量在5%~85%之间;缓释材料的扩散系数与砂含量呈现显著的正相关,与水泥含量呈现显著的负相关,而与水含量无显著相关性;基质材料对过硫酸盐缓释材料扩散系数的综合作用较为复杂,总体而言,当水泥含量高于砂含量时,水含量是影响缓释材料扩散系数的主要因素,当砂含量大于水泥含量时,砂含量则是影响缓释材料扩散系数的主要因素.此外,增加缓释材料中过硫酸盐的含量可以提高过硫酸盐的释放速率并延长缓释材料的使用寿命.
The slow-release persulfate materials were prepared under different component ratios. The release performance was tested according to NEN 7375flume experiment method developed by European Organization for standardization. The influence law of the component materials on the release properties of slow-release persulfate materials was studied by correlation analysis and Kriging interpolation method. Water, sand and cement were the matrix materials for forming slow-release persulfate materials. There was a certain adaption range for each component. The range percentages for water, sand and cement are 5% to 35%, 0% to 85%, and 5% to 85%, respectively. The diffusion coefficients of slow-release persulfate materials had significant positive correlation with sand content. It showed significant negative correlation with cement content and there is no significant correlation with water content. The comprehensive effect of the matrix materials on the diffusion coefficients of slow-release persulf

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药物缓释材料种类繁多,壳聚糖因其自身多方面的特性而成为理想的药物缓释载体。文章简要介绍了壳聚糖的缓释机理,且因壳聚糖本身拥有的特殊药理作用,它可用于抗炎、抗癌、抗肺结核及基因类药物载体,模型实验显示均收到了较好的药物缓释效果和相应的治疗效果,因此,本文主要介绍了壳聚糖作为不同药物缓释载体的应用研究进展。
There is a great variety of materials which can be used as drug delivery carriers. Chitosan,as its characteristics in many aspects,become an ideal drug delivery carrier. This paper briefly summarizes the drug release mechanism of chitosan carriers. Moreover,chitosan can be used as drug delivery carriers of anti - inflammation,anti - cancer,anti -tuberculosis and gene for its special pharmacological characteristics. The model experiments show good drug release effects and therapeutic effects. In this paper we mainly introduces the progress of application of different drug delivery carriers made by chitosan .

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