The effects of Ce addition on the quantity, size, distribution of inclusions and the content of oxygen, sulfur and other hazardous residual elements in spring steel used as fastener in high speed railway were investigated by metallographic examination, SEM-EDS and composition analysis. The results indicated that the contents of oxygen decreased with the addition of Ce([Ce]0.1%) and the content of sulfur continually decreased with increasing content of Ce([Ce]1.2%). However, with the further increase of Ce element addition, the content of [O] and T[O] began to increase. The content of Ce corresponding to the lowest [O] and T[O] lied in the range of 0.10%–0.13% and 0.045%–0.065%, respectively. The addition of Ce in spring steel resulted in the formation of rare earth oxides/oxysulfides and decreased the size of inclusions to less than 3 μm in globular or spheroid shape. Moreover, the residual harmful elements(As, P, Pb and Sn) were found to exist in the Ce-containing inclusions, which ha

The effects of Ce addition on the quantity, size, distribution of inclusions and the content of oxygen, sulfur and other haz-ardous residual elements in spring steel used as fastener in high speed railway were investigated by metallographic examination, SEM-EDS and composition analysis. The results indicated that the contents of oxygen decreased with the addition of Ce ([Ce]<0.1%) and the content of sulfur continually decreased with increasing content of Ce ([Ce]<1.2%). However, with the further increase of Ce element addition, the content of [O] and T[O] began to increase. The content of Ce corresponding to the lowest [O] and T[O] lied in the range of 0.10%-0.13%and 0.045%-0.065%, respectively. The addition of Ce in spring steel resulted in the formation of rare earth oxides/oxysulfides and decreased the size of inclusions to less than 3μm in globular or spheroid shape. Moreover, the residual harm-ful elements (As, P, Pb and Sn) were found to exist in the Ce-containing incl

结合景观铁路的类型，对扎兰屯中东铁路工业遗产地铁路的自然景观、建筑景观、桥梁景观进行了研究，分析了铁路景观的价值构成因素，提出了一些铁路景观的可持续发展策略，使铁路景观得以更好的保存和发展。

Combining with the types of landscape railway,this paper researched the natural landscape,architecture landscape,bridge landscape of Zhalantun Middle East railway industrial heritage railway,analyzed the value composing factors of railway landscape,put forward some sustain-able development strategy of railway landscape,made the railway landscape to better preservation and development.

铁路路基工程是铁路工程的重要组成部分,施工技术的质量直接关系到铁路路线的安全运营。本文对遂渝铁路路基选取试验段,进行施工工艺分析,确保铁路路基施工质量。

The railway subgrade engineering is an important part of railway engineering ,and the quality of construction technology directly affects the safety operation of railway lines .One test section of Suiyu railway subgrade is selected to conduct the construction technology analysis to ensure the quality of railway subgrade construction .

铁路高职院校是培养铁路行业接班人的摇篮,是造就我国铁路大军的高级训练场。因此,铁路职业院校只有将铁路行业文化深深植根于校园文化的血脉之中,通过校园环境的塑造、文化教育活动的开展等途径,使学生具备铁路行业所需要的文化气质、精神品质、思想意识和专业技能,才能实现学校发展和铁路行业发展的双赢。

Railway vocational college is the cradle of railway talents ,and it is the place for training high skilled railway working staff .Therefore ,railway vocational colleges can only improve students''quality from culture ,spirite ,ideology and professional skills by embedding railway industry culture into campus culture and developing cultural education activities ,so as to reach a win-win situation with the railway industry .

截止2013年底,中国铁路债务规模达到3万亿,负债比例高达65%。现有的铁路经营无法有效减少负债,而铁路投资仍然在加速,中国铁路债务规模有进一步扩大的趋势。通过格兰杰因果检验与回归分析2000年以后中国铁路债务规模扩大的原因,可以发现中国铁路债务规模与铁路里长成正比,尤其是与高铁里程呈完全正相关。但深层次的原因是我国投资驱动的经济增长模式与不合理的经济结构造成的。要缩小中国铁路的债务规模,必须改变原有经济增长方式与铁路的投融资结构。

By the end of 2013, China’s railway debt has reached 3 trillion with debt ratio as high as 65%. Since the existing railway management can’t effectively reduce debts and railway investment is still accelerating, China’ s railway debt has a tendency to expand. Through regression analysis and Granger causality test of the reasons for China railway debt scale after 2000, this paper finds that China’s railway debt is proportional to the railway mile?age, especially completely positive correlated with high-speed railway mileage. The deep reason is China ’s invest?ment-driven growth model and unreasonable economic structure. To reduce debt scale of China’s railway, it is necessary to change the existing economic growth way and the railway investment and financing structure.