商标的主要功能是区分产品，在现代市场竞争中发挥着至关重要的作用。在商标市场参与市场竞争的局势下，企业要想在激烈的市场竞争中站稳脚跟，必须采取相关法律措施强化企业商标管理。笔者结合多年工作经验，从我国企业商标资产流失的原因着手，对企业商标资产流失的法律防范措施做了简单介绍。

The main function of the trademark is to distinguish the product. It plays a crucial role in the modern market competition. Under the situation that the trademark market participates in market competition, the enterprise must to take relevant legal measures to strengthen the enterprise brand management to live in the fierce market competition. Combined with the years of experience, the author introduces the legal prevention measures of the enterprise''s trademark assets loss from the reasons.

2013年8月我国第三次修正的《商标法》是一部兼具本体化、国际化和现代化特色的知识产权法。它的实施必将对中国市场经济发展发挥极为重要的作用。但是,囿于多方面限制,该法仍然存在若干值得进一步完善的问题,值得加以研究和思考。这些问题主要如商标法立法宗旨、商标专用权限制制度、注册商标连续3年不使用制度、关于侵犯商标专用权行为规定、注册商标专用权共有制度、注册商标利用制度等。

The Trademark Law, amended in August 2013 for the third time, is an intellectual property right law which is ontological, international and up to date, the implementation of which is sure to play an important role in the development of Chinese market economy.Constrained by various restrictions, however, there are still further improvements and studies in the new law, such as the application for trademark registration procedures and facilitating timely access to the applicant for trademark registration, the behavior to exploit the trademark, the protection of the exclusive rights to use a trademark, and the function and role of trademark legal system in the market order of fair competition.

第三次商标法修改将现行商标法中有关商标侵权的第52条第1项改为两项,作为修改后的第57条,并在第2款中加入了"容易导致混淆"作为侵权的判断标准。这一立法改变具有重大意义,起到了正本溯源的作用。不过,将"混淆可能性"作为商标侵权的一项独立要件,仅是从商标权的排他性禁止权能界定了商标权的权能范围。商标侵权归根结底是对于商标功能的损害。但对于商标功能的损害不应也不会仅以此为限,还包括其他的损害形态。文章试图对商标近似、混淆与商标侵权三者之间的关系加以浅析,以期能对司法实践提供一些参考。

In the third revision of the Trademark Law, Setcion 1 in Article 52 is changed to two sections as the modified 57th Article and in Article 2 the“confusability”is added as an nifringement criterion, which is of great significance.However, the “confusability” as an independent element of traedmark infringement, has only defined the exc lusive right of the trademark right.Ultimately, the in-fringement will casue damages to teh trademark feature.Tradem ark infringement should include some other forms of damage.This article atetmpts to analyze the relationship among the ap proximation, confusion and infringement to provide some references to thejudicial practice.

当今山寨文化猖獗。人们趋之若鹜地追求品牌产品，投机取巧的商家抓住了消费者的心理，制造出无数的山寨产品。鉴于商标在经济时代的地位和作用，制造山寨产品的商家都纷纷“花心思”在商标设计的模仿上，出现了各种“高仿”商标。该文从认知语言学的角度，分析当今山寨商标模仿的几种主要手法，从而为广大消费者提供理论参考，提高他们辨别假货的意识和认识水平。

Nowadays, the Shanzhai culture is rampant around China. As people flock to brand products, opportunistic manufac-turers take advantage of such consumer phycology and produce numerous Shanzhan products. As renowned brand logos have strong impacts on the market, Shanzhai product manufacturers design their brand logos through imitation. This thesis aims to re-veal some common ways of brand logo imitation from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, to provide rationale for consumers and thus improve their awareness and ability to distinguish between authentic brand logos and shanzhai brand logos.

我国地理标志法律保护中存在照搬美国等国家法律、片面理解TRIPS协议相关条款含义和作用的倾向,同时,我国也没有对美国、法国等国在TRIPS协议之外,通过签订双边协定、区域性协定方式来实现各自地理标志利益诉求这一国际知识产权领域最新发展趋势予以必要的关注。我国《商标法》中地名商标注册例外的规定存在诸多缺陷,不利于县级以下地名地理标志的法律保护和培育;"其他含义"内涵理解存在歧义;没有界定"善意"一词;地名作为集体商标、证明商标注册的例外存在弊端,"已注册地名商标继续使用的例外"没有能够较好解决商标与地理标志冲突问题。我国未来《地理标志法》应在立足我国地理标志国情的基础上,借鉴印度、法国等国的相关立法经验,予以制定。在此之前,应当修改《商标法》的相关规定。

In China''s protection of geographical indications , there exist tendencies of copying the laws of the “new world” coun-tries such as USA , and partial understanding of the meanings and roles of relevant provisions of the TRIPS agreement .At the same time, China hasn''t paid necessary attention to the latest advancement in the field of international intellectual property rights , e.g., the USA, France and other countries signed bilateral and regional agreements to realize their own interests concerning geo -graphical indications .There are some defects in the provisions of the trademark registration exceptions related to the trademarks of place names in China''s trademark law , which is not conducive to the legal protection and cultivation of geographical indications below the county level .The understanding of “other meanings” is still ambiguous and the word of “goodwill” is not defined . There are conflicts in the use of place names as collective trademarks and the re