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双语推荐:漂白剂

介绍了过氧乙酸与过氧化氢的漂白机理及助剂;阐述了过氧乙酸与过氧化氢组合漂白的研究概况,从互补性、应用、优化条件及与其他环保漂白剂的联合应用四个方面对其进行综述;最后展望了其作为绿色漂白剂在其他领域特别是褐煤蜡漂白工艺中的应用前景。
The bleaching mechanisms of both peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide and their auxiliaries selections are introduced.Meanwhile,general situation of the researches of combined bleaching of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide is elaborated from four aspects:the complementary properties,practical application,the optimization conditions and the joint application with other environment-friendly bleach.Last but not least,the application prospect of combining bleaching of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide as green bleaching agent in other fields,especially in lignite wax,is outlooked.

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目的 评价漂白对复合树脂颜色的影响,为临床提供参考.方法 选用2种间接修复复合树脂(Adoro SR和Ceramage)和3种直接充填复合树脂(Filtek Z350、Gradia Direct Anterior、Clearfil Majesty Esthetic).每种树脂制作20个试样(直径10 mm、厚1.0 mm),查询随机数字表随机分为5个组(每组样本量为4),分别使用2种家庭漂白剂(10%和15%过氧化脲)、2种诊室漂白剂(38%过氧化氢和35%过氧化氢)以及去离子水(空白对照组)处理.使用光谱扫描色度仪测量处理前后试样的色度值,计算彩度值和色差值.结果 家庭漂白或诊室漂白前后所有树脂试样的色差值均小于2.0,为肉眼不可察觉.与空白对照组相比,漂白后各组试样均表现为明度值(L*)轻度增加、彩度值(C*ah)下降.双因素方差分析显示,漂白剂种类和复合树脂种类对试样漂白前后色差值有影响(P=0.001).结论 本项实验条件下,漂白处理未能影响复合树脂的颜色.
Objective To evaluate the effect of bleaching agents on the color of indirect and direct composite resins.Methods Five resin composite materials were tested in this in vitro study.The five composites were as follow:two indirect composite resins (Adoro SR,Ceramage) and three direct composite resins (Filtek Z350,Clearfil Majesty Esthetic,and Gradia Direct Anterior).For each material,twenty disk-shaped specimens were prepared and randomly divided into five groups according to the color parameters of specimens before bleaching treatment.The composite resin specimens were treated by one of five sample solutions which were at-home bleaching agents (10% and 15% carbarmide peroxide),in-office bleaching agents (38% H2O2 and 35% H2O2) and deionized water (control group).The color parameters of specimens were measured by spectrophotometer at baseline and after bleaching treatments.The color differences (ΔE values) between baseline and post-treatments were calculated.The data of col

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目的:观察增加过氧化氢的浓度,及添加二氧化钛催化剂对诊室漂白系统 TION GC 疗效的影响。方法:牛前牙被浸泡于液体沸腾产生的红茶染色液中7 d,作为变色标本。用 TION 诊室漂白系统以每7天漂白3次的频率漂白该变色标本。对照组漂白剂为 TION 凝胶,实验组漂白剂分别为 TION 凝胶混合等体积的35%过氧化氢和 TION 凝胶混合二氧化钛。该过程每7天1次共重复4次。用色度计ShadeEye 检测标本颜色。测量结果转换成 CIE L×a×b×色彩模式,使用色彩分析软件,以ΔE×ab 值代表漂白前后的颜色差异。对第1次漂白之前和最后一次漂白之后的颜色变化进行了测量。使用单向方差分析和 Tukey 检验(P<0.01)对实验结果进行统计学分析。结果:第2,第3和第4次漂白前后色差值ΔE×ab的变化小于6.0,第1次漂白前后过氧化氢添加组和二氧化钛添加组大于6.0。结论:对于 TION 漂白系统,添加过氧化氢使得漂白效果得到少许提高,而添加二氧化钛漂白效果与实验组无明显差异。
Objective:We evalvated increases in the concentration of hydrogen per oxide and a titanium dioxide catalyst influenced the efficacy of the TION in Office bleaching system(TION, GC,). Bovine teeth were immersed for 7 days in a pigmentation liquid produced by boiling black tea, to discolor the specimens. Before bleaching treatment, the discolored specimens was measured using a colorimeter. Bleaching treatment was then done using the TION in office system. The color was measured again after the bleaching ,and for three more times. Thereafter, then every 7 days for three more times, in addition,the bleaching agent of the TION gel was mixed with an equal volume of 35% hydrogen peroxide, and bleaching was performed in the same way as for the controls (H2 O2-added group). Using an experimentally produced reactor in which the volume of the titanium dioxide V-CAT contained in the reactor was doubled, bleaching was performed using the mixed gel of TION in the same way as for the contro

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以预处理后的稻草纤维素为原料,以白度为指标,以过氧化氢为漂白剂,硅酸钠为稳定剂,分别考察了漂白次数和稳定剂用量对指标的影响,结果表明,以质量分数为3%的硅酸钠为稳定剂,两段漂白效果最佳。最佳二段漂白条件为:一段:过氧化氢浓度为3%,温度为70℃,反应时间为60 min, pH为10~11;二段:过氧化氢浓度为5%,温度为70℃,反应90 min, pH为10~11,在该条件下稻草纤维素白度最佳,为74.3。
Using whiteness as index, the pretreated straw celluloses were bleached by hydrogen peroxide with sodium silicate while the bleaching number and sodium silicate use level were investigated, respectively.The results induced that the best sodium silicate use levels was 3% and bleached twice.The best conditions were 3% hydrogen peroxide with 70 ℃for 60 min, while pH=10~11 for the first one, and for the second were 5%hydrogen peroxide, 70 ℃, 90 min, and pH=10~11.This whiteness of straw cellulose was 74.3.

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分析竹质重组材原料竹束的导热性能,比较漂白和炭化处理后竹束的化学组份变化趋势及其对产品的影响,讨论酚醛树脂胶粘剂对产品的影响。结果表明:竹束导热系数随着其含水率和密度的增加而增加,漂白和炭化竹束各化学组份的降解程度与蒸汽压力与温度、蒸煮时间、漂白剂种类与浓度、pH值、浴比等工艺参数密切相关。酚醛树脂在146℃温度下固化效果最好。
The author analyzes heat conduction performance of bamboo qualitative reorganization material raw materials, draws comparison on beams chemical components change trend and its influence on product between bleached bamboo beam and carbonization processing, discusses the effects of phenolic resin adhesive for the product. Results show that the bamboo beam with its thermal conductivity increase with the increase of the moisture content and density, bleaching and the degree of degradation of carbonized bamboo bundle of the chemical components and the steam pressure and temperature, cooking time, bleach type and concentration, pH value, bath ratio and other parameters are closely related. Phenolic resin at 146℃temperature curing effect is best.

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目的通过实验观察氟化物对过氧化脲类漂白剂渗透性及漂白效果的影响。方法 36颗离体牙样本使用标准茶溶液染色、VITA比色板比色后,12颗样本使用35%过氧化脲漂白,12颗样本NaF处理后再行漂白,12颗样本放入去离子水中作为空白对照。治疗时间均为30 min。比色后分别从近远中向和唇舌向剖开,使用图像分析软件测量、比较其剩余染色面积。结果两组离体牙漂白后牙齿色阶改变无显著性差异;对比NaF漂白组和漂白组之间的近远中向剖面染色面积和唇舌向两剖面剩余染色面积,漂白组和NaF漂白组对牙本质的漂白深度无显著性差异。结论着色牙漂白术前局部应用氟化物并不影响漂白效果和漂白深度。
Objective To observe the influence of fluoride on the permeability and the bleaching effect of such bleach as Carbamide peroxide;to evaluate whether the use of 2 percent sodium fluoride before bleaching would decrease bleaching efficacy of CP when com-pared with a placebo and to confirm the applicability and reliability of the fluoride in clinic.Methods The crowns of 36 caries and de-velopmental defect free human maxillary incisors were stained internally with a standard tea solution and colorimetric analysis was done with VITA shade guide.12 specimens were bleached with light activated 35% hydrogen peroxide and another 12 were bleached by the same agents after using 2%NaF.12 others were placed in ionized water (control group).The exposure time was all 30 mins.Vita shade guide (SG)was employed before,after tea staining and after power bleaching/water treatments.Eighteen specimens from three groups were sectioned mesio-distally.An additional 18 specimens from the bleach and the control

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目的观察氟化物对过氧化脲类漂白剂渗透性及漂白效果的影响。方法选取2010年1月至2012年7月就诊于第三军医大学大坪医院野战外科研究所口腔科,因正畸治疗需要拔除第一前磨牙的12例患者的36颗离体牙,用标准茶溶液染色后,其中12颗样本经NaF处理后用过氧化脲进行漂白(A、B组),12颗样本使用过氧化脲漂白(C、D组),12颗样本放入去离子水中作为空白对照(E、F组)。用VITA比色板对受试牙漂白前后进行比色,然后分别从近远中向(A、C、E组)和唇舌向(B、D、F组)剖开,使用图像分析软件测量并比较剩余染色面积百分比。结果所有标本染色后色度均增加,着色范围为3.66~8.33个色阶。漂白治疗后A、B、C、D组的色阶改变为5~5.53个色阶。而空白对照(E、F组)无色阶改变。(1)近远中向剖开:A组唇侧剩余染色面积为28.6%~39.4%,舌侧剩余染色面积为58%~72%;C组唇侧剩余染色面积为29.3%~37.2%,舌侧剩余染色面积为57.6%~70.1%;E组两剖面显示全部牙本质均匀染色,面积百分比约96.97%~100%;A、C组间各剖面差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05),而二者与E组的差异均有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。(2)唇舌向剖开:B组唇侧和舌侧剖面剩余染色面积基本相等,为61.7%~68.7%;D组两剖面剩余染色面积为60.8%~66.3%,反映出相同的颜色改变的深度;F组两剖面染色面积为96.4~99.8%;B、D组间差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05),但与F组间差异均有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。结论着色牙漂白前局部氟化物处理对漂白效果无明显影响。
Objective To investigate whether the use of sodium fluoride before bleaching regimen would decrease bleaching efficacy of HP when compared with a placebo,and to confirm the applicability and reliability of the fluoride in clinic. Methods The crowns of 36 caries and developmental defect free human maxillary incisors were stained internal-ly with a standardised tea solution;12 specimens were power bleached with light activated 35%hydrogen peroxide and 12 were placed in water;another 12 specimens were bleached by same agents after using 2%NaF. Both exposure times were 30 min. Vita shade guide was employed prior to and after tea staining and after power bleaching/water treatments. Eighteen specimens each from three group were sectioned mesio-distally. An additional 18 specimens from the bleach and the control group were sectioned labio-palatally. The stain area for each specimen was measured using image analy-sis software. Results With tea staining,the mean changes in Vita shade guide unit

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