由动词"令"构成的使令句在甲骨文中就已经出现,但是对于这种句式在先秦的使用率和成熟度有不同的看法。通过对《殷墟甲骨刻辞类纂》和《殷墟花园庄东地甲骨》所选录的含有动词"令"的刻辞进行分析归纳,可以看出使令句在甲骨刻辞中的使用已经比较普遍,使令句式已经成熟。

The obligatory sentence containing the verb“令”has already occurred in Oracle Bone Inscriptions. But discussion on use frequency and maturity of this sentence pattern remains to be solved. From statistical comparion of Oracle Bone Inscriptions containing the verb“令”between The Classification of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Tortoise Shells Discovered in the East of HuaYuan Village near Yin Ruins, it can be found that the obligatory sentence has been commonly used in the inscriptions.

依据甲骨文语法及甲骨文词典对甲骨卜辞进行切分,是建立甲骨文语料库实现计算机辅助甲骨文考释的前提和基础.针对甲骨卜辞的切分,采用机械分词与特征扫描相结合的中文分词技术对200条比较完整的卜辞进行切分实验,将只使用机械分词和结合了特征扫描的两种方法进行比较.结果表明,采用机械分词与特征扫描相结合,实现甲骨卜辞的切分的正确率和效率都较高.

To segment the Shang Oracle-bone Inscriptions correctly based on the grammar and the dictionary of the Shang Oracle-bone Inscriptions is the prerequistite for and basis of the establishment of the corpus of the Shang Oracle-bone Inscriptions to realize computer-aided textual explanation.This paper adopts the technology of modern Chinese word segmentation,a combination of mechanical word segmation and Characteristics scanning. In the experiment,200 pieces of Shang Oracle-bone Inscriptions are the experimental samples.We compare the results of the method combined with and without characteristics scanning.The experimental results show that the accuracy and efficiency of segmentation proposed in this paper are both high.

甲骨文是我国现存最早的成体系的文字。甲骨文字和用它刻写的甲骨卜辞都在很大程度上保留了当时社会风貌的痕迹。关乎民生大计的农业生产在甲骨文和卜辞上都有其原始古朴而又生动形象的表现。这种文字与文化在甲骨上的结合，为我们探寻殷商时期的农业文明提供了新的途径。本文分析甲骨文及卜辞，参考出土文物和考古发现，主要从字形这一微观视角，印证和补充传世文献中记录的商代农业生产规模、商代农业生产工具及农业生产工艺，重现商代农业生产的场景，为我们理解、感受商代农业文明提供新的方式。

Inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells is the earliest and systematic characters.Inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells are largely retained the traces of social style at that time.Livelihood matters, agricultural production, have its primitive simplicity and vivid expression in the inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells.This combination of characters and culture in the inscriptions on bones or tortoise provides a new way to explore the period of agricultural civilization for us.Based on the analysis of inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells, and referenced unearthed cultural relics and archaeological discoveries, from the microscopic angle of character shape, this paper verifies and supplements recordings of the scale of agricultural production, the agricultural production tools and production technology of the Shang Dynasty.At the same time, this paper reproduces the agricultural production scene of the Shang Dynasty, and provides a new way of feeling and understand

文章以周原甲骨、西周金文和《诗经》的趋向动词为研究对象，进行了穷尽性的分析统计。周原甲骨和西周金文中的趋向动词与《诗经》趋向动词的主要语法功能是相同的，当时民族共同语已在一定程度上形成。同时，《诗经》趋向动词的语法功能明显比周原甲骨和西周金文趋向动词更为丰富且灵活。《诗经》语言反映的是周代民族共同语，其深受商民族语言的影响，而周原甲骨文和西周金文则是周民族语言的典型代表。西周趋向动词可与其它动词构成连动式，能带宾语，但不带宾语的情况更为常见。趋向连动式仍以趋向动词位于其它动词之前为主，位于其它动词之后的仅一见。

An analysis of directional verbs uses in inscriptions on bones and ancient bronze objects in the Pre-Qin period found that, with other verbs, directional verbs form the serial verb constructions that frequently governs no grammatical objects. Moreover, directional verbs are predominantly positioned before other verbs.

在目前已发现的殷商甲骨文中,与植物相关的词语有一百多个,大体可分为三类:一,已考定的植物名词或与植物相关的文字;二,可知为植物或与植物相关但有待考证的未识之字;三,体现人与植物关系的文字;本文对这些文字作了穷尽性的考述,认为,甲骨文中植物词语虽然不多,却是非常重要的史料.据此不但可以考察三千多年前乃至更早期的人们对植物的认识水平,而且可以清楚梳理部分植物名实的流变及其栽培的历史,对植物学史、农业史、植物志的编撰都有着补苴罅漏的现实意义.

@@@@There are over one hundred characters or words related plant among the characters and words of inscription on bone or tortoise shell in the Shang Dynasty have been discovered. In which they might be divided into three parts after textual criticism:many characters or words have been affirmed as plants or linked to plant;some are thought about plant or related plant but needed continuously to textual criticism and some are considered to reflect the relationship between mankind and plant. All these characters and words collected were criticized and explained in greater detail in this paper, and we think although number of characters and words of inscription on bone or tortoise shell related to plant are fewer but they are very important history contribution. Based on those characters and words we might understand ancient people three thousand years ago how much knowledge to plants they had. Also we would clearly know how did revolute the characters and words related to plants, and how