本文根据光合作用和光呼吸途径能量代谢,通过改变外界CO2和O2浓度,计算卡尔文循环固定的CO2和光呼吸消耗的O2。结果表明,可以通过3种方法计算。方法1,测定在CO2饱和点(A)和正常CO2(A`)浓度下吸收的CO2,得出光呼吸消耗的O2为：18/19(A-A`),卡尔文循环固定的CO2为：1/19(6A+13A`+19Rd)。方法2,测定在不含O2的空气中(O)和正常O2(O`)浓度下释放的O2,得出光呼吸消耗的O2为：-13/5O-O`-18/5Rd,卡尔文循环固定的CO2为：13/18(O`-O)。方法3,测定在正常情况下吸收的CO2(A`)和释放的O2(O`),得出光呼吸消耗的O2为：18(O`-A`),卡尔文循环固定的CO2为：6O`-5A`+Rd。测定在CO2饱和点和正常CO2浓度下吸收的CO2计算出水稻光呼吸释放的CO2占光合作用固定的24%~40%。

According to energy metabolism of Calvin cycle and photorespiration, the rate of CO2 ifxed in Calvin cycle and O2 consumed in photorespiration were calculated by changing the external CO2 and O2 concentrations. The results showed there were three ways for calculation. Method 1, based on the measurement of CO2absorption at CO2 saturation point (A) and normal air (A`), consumption of O2 in photorespiration could be calculated by 18/19(A-A`), and the CO2 ifxed in Calvin cycle would be considered as 1/19(6A+13A`+19Rd). Method 2, on the grounds of O2released at CO2-free air (O) and normal air (O`) conditions, consumption of O2 in photorespiration and fixation of CO2in Calvin cycle can be deduced by formula -13/5O-O`-18/5Rd and 13/18(O`-O), respectively. Method 3, basing on the CO2 fixation (A`) and O2consumption (O`) under the normal conditions, consumption of O2in photorespiration and ifxation of CO2in dark reaction can be calculated as 18(O`-A`) and 6O`-5A`+Rd, respectively. According to

为了研究H2O对燃料N向NO转化各个阶段的影响，采用可沿程取样的沉降炉反应器，研究了一种烟煤在1273 K温度下，O2/N2、O2/CO2以及O2/CO2/H2O气氛下燃烧的燃尽与NO生成的情况。并通过在停留时间为0.2、0.3、0.5、1.1 s与O2浓度为5%、21%及30%情况下的实验来研究H2O对NO生成的影响。实验结果表明，相对于O2/CO2气氛，H2O的添加抑制了NO的生成，且该影响主要集中在燃烧初期挥发分N的氧化过程。随着O2浓度的增加，H2O添加对oxy-coal燃烧方式下NO生成影响加大。

The influence of H2O on NO formation during oxy-coal combustion was investigated in a drop-tube furnace. A bituminous coal was selected and burnt at temperature of 1273 K under O2/N2, O2/CO2 and O2/CO2/H2O atmospheres, respectively. At different O2 contents 5%, 21%, and 30%, the samples were analyzed for increasing residence time from 0.2 s to 1.1 s. The results show that NO formation is suppressed by addition of H2O. The mechanism of NO reduction is due to the change of volatile-N chemistry with H2O addition. The H2O influence on homogeneous NO formation goes up with the increase of O2 concentration.

以分析纯化学试剂CaO、Al2O3、SiO2和B2O3为原料，研究添加不同B2O3含量的CaO-Al2O3-SiO2三元系在1350℃烧结时铝酸钙熟料的自粉性能、物相形成规律、微观组织形貌及其元素分布和Al2O3的浸出性能，并通过 XRF、XRD 和 SEM-EDS 等手段探讨其作用机理。结果表明：B2O3促进2CaO?Al2O3?SiO2的生成，并抑制β-2CaO?SiO2向γ-2CaO?SiO2的转变，明显降低熟料的自粉性能；B2O3在铝酸钙熟料中均匀分布，其加入使铝酸钙熟料中12CaO?7Al2O3和CaO?Al2O3的晶胞参数增加，固溶至铝酸钙晶体中引起晶胞的扩胀；铝酸钙熟料的Al2O3浸出率随着B2O3含量的增加急剧下降，当B2O3添加量由0增加到0.20%(质量分数)时，Al2O3浸出率由95.01%降低至72.03%，添加B2O3后铝酸钙熟料中生成的2CaO?Al2O3?SiO2和难以浸出的12CaO?7Al2O3是其Al2O3浸出率明显降低的主要原因。

Calcium aluminate clinkers containing different contents of B2O3 in CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 system sintered at 1350℃were obtained by using analytical reagents of CaO, Al2O3, SiO2 and B2O3 as raw materials. The pulverization, mineralogical formation characteristic, microstructure, elemental distribution and alumina leaching property of clinkers were studied by XRF, XRD and SEM-EDS. The results show that B2O3 promotes the formation of 2CaO?Al2O3?SiO2 and inhibits the conversion of β-2CaO?SiO2 to γ-2CaO?SiO2, which deteriorates the pulverization property of calcium aluminate clinker. B2O3 distributes uniformly in the calcium aluminate clinker, and the crystal parameters of 12CaO?7Al2O3 and CaO?Al2O3 increase with the increase of B2O3 addition, indicating that B2O3 forms solid solutions in calcium aluminates to increase their crystal cell parameters. The Al2O3 leaching rate of calcium aluminate clinkers decreases quickly with the increasing of B2O3 addition, which decreases from 95.01%

分析了大数据环境下的O2O电商用户数据特征,提出O2O电商用户数据挖掘框架,并探讨数据挖掘流程和主要的数据挖掘方法,分别从O2O电商平台、O2O用户和O2O商家三者角度探讨了O2O电商用户数据挖掘的应用问题.研究认为:O2O用户数据挖掘框架包括数据来源层、数据收集层、数据组织层、数据分析层与数据应用层等层级;数据挖掘流程主要包括数据收集、数据预处理、数据挖掘及数据应用4个过程;O2O电商用户数据的挖掘应用包括精准营销、平台网站优化、欺诈分析与防范、个性化推荐、增值服务开发与产品创新等方面.

In this paper, not only the characters of O2O EC user data but also their data mining framework, procedure and the main methods are analyzed. And the application issue of O2O EC user data mining is highlighted from the perspective of O2O EC platform enterprises, O2O users, and O2O merchants. By theoretical analysis, the paper gets the following conclusions. Mining framework of O2O user data consists of data sources layer, data collection layer, data organization layer, data analysis layer and data application layer. Data mining process includes data collection, data preparation, data mining and data application. The O2O user data mining can put forward precision marketing, platform website optimization, fraud analysis and precaution, personalized recommendation, the development of value-added services and product innovation based on mining result.

Raman spectra of a series of cubic rare earth sesquioxides RE2 O3(RE=Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Sc and Y) were investigated by Raman spectroscopy with both 532 and 785 nm laser lines. Abundant additional bands due to laser-excited luminescence were observed. For Eu2 O3, Dy2 O3, Ho2 O3, Er2 O3, Tm2 O3 and Yb2 O3, the luminescence mainly came from the intrinsic trivalent lanthanide ions, while for Gd2 O3, Lu2 O3, Sc2 O3 and Y2 O3, their luminescence were attributed to the trace impurities of other luminescent lanthanide ions such as Eu3+, Nd3+and Er3+. This investigation confirmed Raman spectroscopy as a useful tool for detecting trace luminescent lanthanide impurities.

Raman spectra of a series of cubic rare earth sesquioxides RE2O3 (RE=Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Sc and Y) were investigated by Raman spectroscopy with both 532 and 785 nm laser lines. Abundant additional bands due to laser-excited lumines-cence were observed. For Eu2O3, Dy2O3, Ho2O3, Er2O3, Tm2O3 and Yb2O3, the luminescence mainly came from the intrinsic trivalent lanthanide ions, while for Gd2O3, Lu2O3, Sc2O3 and Y2O3, their luminescence were attributed to the trace impurities of other lumines-cent lanthanide ions such as Eu3+, Nd3+and Er3+. This investigation confirmed Raman spectroscopy as a useful tool for detecting trace luminescent lanthanide impurities.