近四十年来,我国水产养殖业取得了长足的发展,并成为大农业中发展最快的产业之一。苗种是水产增养殖产业的源头和必要的物质基础,种质苗种是水产养殖业的核心问题。回顾了我国年轻的水产种业发展历程:最早期的养殖苗种来自于野生种群,及到人类驯化了亲本鱼,在人工条件下成功实施繁育,开始规模化育苗,才有了真正意义上的苗种产业;而良种的引入可以加快新产业形成。人工育种是在某一物种业已形成大规模人工繁育的基础上,特别是可以实现全人工繁殖的条件下,按照人们的意愿和方向开展的代代相继、不断选优的选育实践。20世纪90年代以来,我国水产特别是海洋水产种业受到重视,走向良性发展,取得了引人注目的进展。评述了国内外现代水产种业科技的发展趋势,预言科技创新定会大大促进水产种业的快速发展。
Over the last 4 decades, the aquaculture in China has made significant progress, and is becoming one of industries developed fast in among broad-sense agriculture. Since seed production is the source and essential material basis for aquaculture, it is proved to be the core issue of aquaculture industry. This paper reviewed the development process of young seed industry in aquaculture of China. The initiate seeds for cultivation came from wild population undoubtedly;the true seed industry did not appear until the success of domestication for parent fish, breeding under artificial conditions and seeding in large scale. The introduction of good foreign seeds can accelerate the formation of new industry. Artificial breeding is a continuous breeding practice, which is based on the formulation of a certain seed industry with large scale artificial breeding, especially under the condition of complete artificial propagation, and carries out seed selection by successive generations according to
