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双语推荐：光梗蒺藜草

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通过对光梗蒺藜草在固定沙地、流动沙地、半固定沙地、半流动沙地4种沙地类型中作用的分析,表明光梗蒺藜草为半固定沙地上的优势种,其相对盖度和重要值均高于其他3种样地类型,占主导地位;通过Shannon多样性指数分析表明光梗蒺藜草有导致半固定沙地物种多样性减弱的趋势。进一步的研究应更注重光梗蒺藜草在半固定沙地的入侵趋势。
The invasive potential of Cenchrus calyculatus Cav.in the fixed sand, mobile sand, semi -fixed sand and semi-shifting sand was studied.C.calyculatus was the dominant species in the semi -fixed sand, with a relative coverage and importance value higher than the obtained in the other three types .Based on Shannon diversity indices C. calyculatus led to a reduced species diversity in semi -fixed sand .Further research should pay more attention to the inva-siveness of C.calyculatus in the semi-fixed sand.

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在通辽市科尔沁区的固定沙地,半流动沙地采用相邻样方法观测光梗蒺藜草已萌发种子和未萌发种子在不同埋深中的分布,发现在固定沙地中,光梗蒺藜草种子分布在埋深较浅处（0～3cm）,集中分布在0～1cm;在半流动沙地中,光梗蒺藜草种子分布较为分散,在1～15cm埋深处均有分布,在埋深0～5cm处种子数量较多。固定和半流动沙地中光梗蒺藜草种子随着埋深增加出苗率也随之增加,可达到100%。负二项式法和方差/均值比率（分布系数）法一致的验证了光梗蒺藜草苗和土壤种子库的种子种群分布格局为集群分布。光梗蒺藜草自然散布距离很短,是造成其种群集聚分布格局的原因。
The investigation of distribution pattern of soil seed bank of Cenchrus incertus showed that the seeds of Cenchrus incertus mainly distribute in the soil of 0-3 cm depth.Most seeds are gathered in the soil of 0-1 cm depth in fixed sandy land.Seeds of C.incertus disperse in 1-15 cm depth in semi-mobile dune,and most seeds exist in 0-5 cm.With the depth increase,the germination rate increases in fixed and semi-moble sandy area.The negative binominal formula and the ratio of variance and mean(distribution coefficient) proved the distribution pattern of seed population is cluster distribution.The seed natural disperse distance resuts in the centralizing distribution pattern for the species.

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少花蒺藜草是我国重要外来入侵植物之一。研究了环境因子对少花蒺藜草种子萌发和出苗的影响。研究结果表明，光照会促进少花蒺藜草种子休眠，少花蒺藜草种子萌发温度范围为15～40℃，最适萌发温度为25℃，萌发的临界温度在10～15℃；临界水势在－12～－10 MPa，水势在－8～－4 MPa的环境适宜少花蒺藜草生长。少花蒺藜草出苗临界土壤含水量在1．0％～2．5％，生长临界含水量在2．5％～5．0％；少花蒺藜草在pH值为2～12的条件下均可萌发生长，但pH值为12的条件更适合生长；少花蒺藜草种子在沙土中0～15 cm深度均可出苗，1～9 cm深度出苗率最高，在壤土中1～7 cm深度出苗率最高，超过11 cm不能出苗。
Seed germination and emergence of Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth, an important invasive plant in China, was studied.Light promoted seed dormancy of C.pauciflorus,whose seed germination most favorable and critical germination temperatures were 15~40,25,10~15 ℃,respectively.The most situable water potential to grow for C.pauciflorus was-12~-10 MPa,it also grew well at-8~-4 MPa.Correspondingly,the critical soil moisture for emergence and growth were 1.0%~2.5%and 2.5%~5.0%, respectively.C.pauciflorus could germinate and grow at pH values ranging from 2 to 12,but performed better at pH 12.The seed of C.pauciflorus could emergence at a depth of 0~15 cm in sandy soil, with highest emergence rate at depth of 1~9 cm.However,C.pauciflorus seed emerged best at a depth of 1~7 cm in loamy soil,but could not emergence if buried deeper than 11 cm.

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目的：采用HPLC法测定蒺藜中蒺藜皂苷元(25R-Spirostan-4-ene-3,12-dione)的含量。方法采用色谱柱Welch Ultimate LP-C18(250 mm ×4．6 mm,5μm)；流动相：甲醇-水(80∶20)；检测波长：203 nm；柱温：30℃；流速：1．0 mL/min；进样量：20μL。结果蒺藜皂苷元对照品在0．82~7．38μg与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0．9997),平均回收率为99．3%,RSD=1．67%(n=6)。结论所建立的方法灵敏、准确、重复性好,可用于蒺藜药材的含量测定。18个产地的蒺藜样品中以内蒙产的蒺藜皂苷元含量最高。
Objective To determine the content in Tribulus terrestris saponin(25R-Spirostan-4-ene-3,12-di-one)by HPLC method. Methods Welch Ultimate LP-C18 column(250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) was used,the mobile phase consisted of methanol-water(80∶20),the detection wavelength was 203 nm,column temperature was 30 ℃;the flow rate was 1. 0 mL/min,sample volumn was 20 μL. Results It showed a good linear relationship with the peak ar-ea in 0. 82~7. 38 μg (r=0. 999 7),the average recovery was 99. 3%,RSD=1. 67%(n=6). Conclusion The meth-od is sensitive,accurate,reproducible,and can be used for determination of the content of the Tribulus terrestris. The highest content in the 18 areas is from Inner Mongolia.

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中药蒺藜中含有多种重要的生物活性物质如皂苷类、黄酮类等的化合物，具有众多的药理作用。现代医学研究证明，蒺藜具有显著的抗衰老、降血糖、降血脂、性强壮及提高人体中性激素含量等的作用，对肿瘤、高血压、细菌真菌感染、糖尿病等均有较好疗效。本文主要对近年来中药蒺藜成分及主要药理作用研究进展进行综述。
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Tribulus terrestris contains a variety of important biological active substances, such as saponins, flavonoids and other compounds, which has many pharmacological effects. Modern medi-cal research indicates that Tribulus terrestris can remarkably delay senescence, reduce blood glucose and blood lipid, strengthen sexual function and enhance the sex hormones in the human body, etc. And it has good curative effects for cancer, high blood pressure, bacteria and fungal infections, diabetes and etc. This article mainly discusses the research progress on Tribulus terrestris composition and its main pharmacological activities in recent years.

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采用《中华人民共和国药典》（2010版）一部三味蒺藜散现行标准进行摸索研究，对主要成分蒺藜及冬葵果进行含量测定。结果表明，蒺藜中皂苷类、黄酮类成分的测得含量太低（0.034%），该方法简便易行，重现性、稳定性均较好，少于万分之一，所以不能作为本品种的定量方法。冬葵果中阿魏酸的定量指标无专属性。
Uses “the People’s Republic of China Pharmacopoeia”(2010 editions) a three taste puncture vine disperses the present standard to conduct the fumble research, the micro distinction, the physics and chemistry distinction carry on the specificity inspection;Has carried on the thin layer distinction and the content determination to the principal constituent puncture vine. The result indicated that the ownership micro characteristic,the physics and chemistry distinction does not have the specificity,the thin layer distinction method carries on the experiment, through the methodology confirmation, established the specificity to be strong, reproduction quality good experimental technique.

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为了掌握少花蒺藜草在我国北方部分地区的分布、侵染程度,了解其在分布区的各种生境和空间分布,结合实地和走访调查,综述了少花蒺藜草在辽宁和内蒙古的分布地区、发生面积、严重发生区和危害程度等的研究现状,对这些研究进行总结,旨在为开展少花蒺藜草的调查、制定防除计划,以及进一步研究其入侵机制、生态安全预警、未来可能扩展区域预测等提供参考。
Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth.is an exotic weed .To document its spread and the level of infestation in northern China ,in relation to a variety of habitats and spatial distribution in its infesting range ,we summarized current research re-garding C.pauciflorus areas of distribution ,occurrence ,and seriousness and damage level in Liaoning Province and Inner Mongolia .The collected information may be helpful for conducting further research ,formulating control plans ,studying the mechanism of invasion ,promote ecological awareness ,and predict the possible expansion regions in the future .

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为确实掌握辽宁省草原少花蒺藜草(Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth.)的危害与防治情况,2012~2013年,辽宁省草原监理站对全省12县75个乡镇草原对少花蒺藜草发生情况进行了调查。调查发现,彰武、阜蒙、义县、凌源4县草原中有少花蒺藜草侵染,侵染面积近50万亩。防治主要以化学防治和人工割除为主,除草剂选用精喹禾灵、烟嘧磺隆等,平均防治效果达80%以上。
The harmful effects and control measures of Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth. were investigated in 75 towns of 12 counties in Liaoning province by Liaoning Grass-land Supervision Station in 2012~2013. The results showed that the grasslands of 500,000 acres in four counties of Zhang-wu, Fumeng, Yixian and Lingyuan had been in-vaded by Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth. Chemical treatment and artificial eradication are currently used control measures. Quizalofop-p-ethyl and nicosulfuron are current-ly being used herbicides and their efficacy can be at least 80% .

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由于长期缺乏对草原毒害草的重视，少花蒺藜草在彰武县全县范围内扩散蔓延，并已发展到难以控制的局面，给草原生态生产环境带来极大影响。本文通过喷施乙草胺单剂和乙草胺同精喹禾灵、烟嘧磺隆、烯草酮混合的3种复配剂来研究其对少花蒺藜草的防除效果。结果表明：喷施乙草胺单剂及其3种复配剂乙草胺+精喹禾灵、乙草胺+烟嘧磺隆、乙草胺+烯草酮40 d对少花蒺藜草均有较好的防治效果，防治效果都在75%以上。说明喷施乙草胺土壤处理剂及其和茎叶处理剂的复配剂可作为防除少花蒺藜草的手段之一，这对于草原上入侵生物少花蒺藜草的安全、有效防除有着重要意义。
Because of the long-term lack of grassland poisonous grass attention, Cenchrus pauci-florus Benth. spread all over ZhangWu county ,and it was almost out of controlling, which had brought great influence to the grassland ecological environment. The herbicide acetochlor and its 3 mixtures with quizalofop-p-ethyl, nicosulfuron and clethodim were tested for measuring their con-trolling effects on C. pauciflorus. These treatments of acetochlor and its mixtures all had good performance with rates of 75% higher 40d after spraying . It was to say that spraying soil treat-ment agent acetochlor and its mixture with leaf treatment herbiside may be used as a means of man-agement on controlling Cenchrus pauciflorus,which has a positive meaning for comprehensive manage-ment effectly with no pollution on the biological invasion plant C. pauciflorus in the grassland.

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MADS-box基因家族是植物体内的重要转录因子,它们广泛地调控着植物生长、发育和生殖等过程。本研究以蒺藜苜蓿基因组数据为材料,采用结构域搜索方法,鉴定了138个MADS-box基因。通过序列比对系统进化分析,将它们分成两大类:Ⅰ型(92个)和Ⅱ型(46个)。同时,通过染色体定位分析发现,134个MADS-box基因定位在染色体上,还有4个MADS-box基因定位在尚未完成最终拼接的超长片段上。蒺藜苜蓿的MADS-box基因家族成员之间存在大量的基因重复,特别是Ⅰ型MADS-box基因,通过基因复制,MADS-box基因家族在染色体上形成多个密集的MADS-box基因簇。对蒺藜苜蓿的RNA-seq表达谱数据分析,发现MADS-box基因在心皮组织、花器官等组织中表达量较高,这表明蒺藜苜蓿的MADS-box基因家族广泛地参与苜蓿组织分化、发育以及生殖等过程的调控,这将为进一步揭示MADS-box类转录因子在蒺藜苜蓿中作用机制提供了重要的参考。
MADS-box genes encode important transcription factors in plants that are involved in many processes during growth,development and reproduction.A Pfam domain search of the Medicago truncatula genome re-vealed 138 putative MADS-box genes.These genes were classified into two classes,type I (92 members)and type II (46 members),based on multiple alignment and phylogenetic analysis.There were 134 MADS-box genes present on all chromosomes in M.truncatula,while four were located on the super-contigs.Like Arabi-dopsis and rice MADS-box genes,those MADS-box genes expanded through gene duplication events in M. truncatula ,especially the type I genes.There were many duplicate gene clusters,where MADS-box genes with high degrees of similarity were clustered across the M.truncatula genome.Analysis of RNA-seq data from dif-ferent tissues in M.truncatula revealed that MADS-box genes are expressed in seedpod,flower and other tis-sues.This expression pattern suggests that the MADS-box genes pl

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