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双语推荐：多喷嘴对置式气化炉

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气化炉内固体颗粒微观结构特性对气流床气化过程中熔渣、粗渣和细渣的形成具有重要影响。基于多喷嘴对置式水煤浆气化实验，对典型工况（O/C原子比为1．0）下气化炉轴向不同位置的固体颗粒进行取样，利用氮气等温吸附法和扫描电子显微镜对颗粒孔隙结构和微观形态进行研究。结果表明，气化炉内固体颗粒典型形态为不规则多孔状和规则球状，喷嘴平面有少量致密性不规则颗粒和中空颗粒。从喷嘴平面沿气化炉轴向向下，随着气化反应的进行，颗粒表面愈加粗糙，孔隙结构愈加发达。颗粒吸附曲线属于II型等温线，迟滞回线属于H3型回线，表明颗粒具有大量裂缝形孔和较连续的完整孔系统。比表面积和孔容积均随着与喷嘴平面距离的增加而增大，而平均孔径逐渐减小，在喷嘴平面附近变化幅度较大。孔结构以孔径小于10nm的孔为主，随着气化反应的进行颗粒中小于10nm的孔逐渐增多，而大于10nm的孔分布状态变化不大。
The microscopic characteristics of solid particles have important influence on the forma tion fo fluid slag, cora se slag and fine slag during entrained-flow gasification process.Based on the bench-scale opposed multi-burner ( OMB) gasifei r, solid particles were sampled at different aix al distances along the gasifier chameb r under typci al oep rating oc nditino s (oxygen na d carbon atomic ratio at 1.0).The microscopic characteristics of solid particles were studied by using N2 adsorption-deos rption and scanning electron microscopy (S EM ) methods.The results show that the solid particles are comprised mainly of porous irregular particle and spherical particle, and few solid particles generated at burner plane perform as dense irregular and hollow shape.As the gasification reaction proceeds along the axis of gasifier, the surface strucut re of particles becomes rougher, and the pore structure increases.The isotherm s of ap rticle samp les aer all type II, and the particle

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利用多喷嘴对置式气流床气化炉热模试验装置,对两喷嘴对置撞击火焰声学特性和压力波动进行了测量与实验研究,并通过Hilbert-Huang变换对火焰噪声信号及压力信号进行频谱分析。结果表明,气化炉内中高频压力波动主要由火焰撞击区内复杂的燃烧状况引发,并产生50~100 Hz频段的火焰噪声。射流火焰噪声受气化炉内低频压力波动影响,并且因来自撞击区的反向流的作用,火焰噪声的幅值和波形都会受到一定的影响。撞击区的火焰噪声信号与燃烧状况有一定的对应关系,可作为气化炉内火焰状况诊断的一种方式。
Acoustic characteristics of impinging-flame noise of double opposed burners and its pressure fluctuations were studied using opposed multi-burner(OMB) entrained-flow bench-scale gasifier. The frequency spectrum analysis of noise signal and pressure signal of the impinging flame was done through the Hilbert-Huang transform. The results show that the high frequency pressure fluctuations are mainly caused by the complex combustion status in the impinging flame zone which generates the flame noise with the frequencies from 50Hz to 100Hz. The amplitude and waveform of the jet flow flame noise are influenced by low frequency pressure fluctuations and the reverse flow from the impinging zone. The acoustic signal of the impinging flame is somewhat related to the combustion status, and can be used for flame fault-diagnosis of gasifiers.

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气流床煤气化是我国煤高效洁净利用的关键技术。本文总结了气流床煤气化技术的基本特点和主要影响因素，着重介绍了具有代表性的气流宋蟮苦气化技术：德士古水煤浆加压气化技术、壳牌删耻乾化技术、GSP气流床气化技术、多喷嘴对置式水煤浆气化技术以及航天炉（HT-L）粉煤加压气化技术，并讨论了各种技术各自的优势及存在的问题。
Entrained-bed coal gasification was the key technology of high efficiency and clean utilization of coal in China. Its basic characteristic and main affecting factors were briefly introduced. Representative entrained-bed coal gasification technologies:Shell of dry pulverized-coal gasification, Texaco of coal water slurry gasification, GSP gasification technology, multi-nozzle opposing coal-water slurry gasification and pulverized coal gasification of Hangtian Gasifier were focused, and their advantages and existed prob-lems were also discussed.

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基于多喷嘴对置式水煤浆气化试验平台，利用高温内窥镜配合使用高速相机，结合火焰图像处理技术，研究了多喷嘴对置式气化炉内水煤浆撞击火焰高度及其脉动频率特征，选用的图像处理方法可实现撞击火焰高度区域图像的有效分割．结果表明，撞击火焰的平均火焰高度和最大火焰高度均随氧碳比的增大不断上升，且撞击火焰稳定性增强．撞击火焰特征频率随着氧碳比的升高而降低，主要频率特征峰的幅值降低，脉动特征频率在1～3Hz处趋于稳定．在水煤浆操作的典型氧碳比条件下，撞击火焰将不会直接冲蚀到拱顶耐火砖．
Based on the bench-scale opposed multi-burner(OMB)gasifier,impinging flame height and flame pulsa-tion frequency were investigated by high temperature endoscope combined with industrial high speed camera and flame image processing technology which could effectively distinguish flame region from refractory wall in height. The results show that the average and maximum impinging flame height is increased and the impinging flame stability are improved with the increase of O/C atom ratio. In the laboratory operation conditions,with the increase of O/C atom ratio,the characteristic value of impinging flame pulsation frequency is stabilized between 1-3,Hz,and the amplitude of the characteristic peaks of the main frequency is reduced. At typical operating O/C atom ratios,the im-pinging flame height in a gasifier will not directly erose dome firebrick.

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颗粒物在气化炉内的分布对合成气成分、碳转化率和壁面熔渣的沉积行为具有重要影响。基于实验室规模的多喷嘴对置式水煤浆气化炉，利用Malvern激光粒度仪和扫描电镜/能谱仪表征了气化炉内颗粒物的粒径分布和组成，并结合碳含量分析了不同氧碳比、气化炉不同轴向位置颗粒物的形成过程。结果表明，气化炉内存在两种不同微观形态的细颗粒物和粗颗粒物。随着氧碳比的增大，沿气化炉轴向向下，颗粒物的平均粒径和固定碳含量均减小，而细颗粒物的含量增加。水煤浆的热解过程主要发生在撞击火焰区，而焦炭的燃烧气化反应不仅发生在撞击火焰区，也发生在管流区，二者消耗的固定碳量之比约为2：1。
Particle distribution in gasifier has important influence on syngas, carbon conversion and slag deposition. Based on a bench-scale opposed multi-burner (OMB) gasifier, particle size and composition were measured by scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) and Malvern laser particle size analyzer. The results show that there are two kinds of microstructure of particles in gasifier. With the increase of atom ratio of oxygen to carbon, average particle size and fixed carbon content reduce downwards the axis of gasifier while the mass percentage of fine particles increases. The pyrolysis of coal occurs mainly in the impinging flame region, whereas combustion and gasification take place in both impinging flame region and plug flow region. The mass ratio of burned fixed carbon in the two regions is about 2:1.

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对多喷嘴对置式气化炉内复杂的气固两相流动与炉壁的颗粒捕捉特性进行三维数值模拟。应用Euler-Lagrange模型模拟气固两相流动,采用Realizable k-ε湍流模型计算炉内气相湍流流场,颗粒轨迹跟踪采用随机轨道模型。模拟结果与冷模测试数据吻合,且流场与热模实验现象一致,壁面捕捉颗粒平均粒径与热态水煤浆气化实验数据吻合。工业规模模拟结果表明,壁面捕捉的颗粒平均粒径呈现一定的规律性,存在两个极大值位置,分别在喷嘴平面下方0.2 m及上方2.8 m处,在喷嘴平面上方,壁面捕捉颗粒粒径随颗粒密度的增大而减小;颗粒沉积能基本覆盖整个炉膛内壁,颗粒在撞击流股作用下在喷嘴平面上方1.8 m及下方1.9 m处沉积量最大;缩短喷嘴上方直段高度将影响炉内流场,拱顶对撞击流股产生一定的限制作用,使其变短变宽,并且使拱顶捕捉颗粒粒径增加,颗粒沉积速率增加。
3D numerical simulation was conducted to investigate the gas-solid two phase flows and particle capture characteristics of the wall in an opposed multi-burner gasifier. The Realizable k-εmodel was used to calculate the complex turbulent gas flow, Euler-Lagrange model was used to simulate turbulent gas-solid flows in the gasifier, while stochastic trajectory model was adopted to trace particles trajectories. The simulation results agree with the experimental data of cold model reasonably well, the flow field conforms to the phenomenon of the hot model experimental results, and the average diameter of the particles the gasifier wall captured is consistent with the experimental data of hot model. The results show that the average diameter of particles captured by the wall of gasifier wall presents certain regularity. There are two positions (2.8 m above and 0.2 m below the burner plane) where the average diameter of the particles has local maximums. Above the burner plane, the

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采用颗粒停留时间分布表征炉内颗粒流动,建立了一种考虑了炉体结构、颗粒粒径以及煤焦反应动力学的气流床气化炉综合模型,其中包含了煤脱挥发份、均相反应、非均相反应、气-固相能量方程、相间传热等子模型。模拟结果与多喷嘴对置式水煤浆气化炉工业运行数据吻合良好,考察了气相组分、温度以及不同粒径颗粒的碳转化率和温度在炉内的一维无因次分布。对模拟结果的分析表明：煤颗粒的预热、脱挥发份和燃烧过程在约30 ms内完成,气化过程占颗粒反应历程的绝大部分;气化炉内100μm以下的小颗粒升温速率快,且温度较高,碳转化率基本接近100%;而200μm以上的大颗粒升温速率较慢,碳转化率较低,影响了气化炉整体碳转化率。
With taking the effects of gasifier structure, particle size and reaction kinetics on gasification results into account, a comprehensive model of entrained flow gasifier was developed in this study, in which the particle residence time distribution was employed to characterize the particle flow behavior. Submodels of coal devolatilization, homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions, energy balance and heat transfer were included in this model. The simulation results of an OMB (opposed multi-burner) gasifier are in well agreement with industrial operating data. 1-D distributions of gas components, temperature and total carbon conversion in gasifier were obtained. Additionally, profiles of temperature and carbon conversion of particles with different diameters along normalized gasifier length are included as well. Following results can be observed quantitatively: Preheating, devolatilization and combustion of coal particles are completed in about 30 ms. Gasification of particle is the major

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对在多喷嘴对置式水煤浆气化实验装置中采用的仪表做了介绍和特性分析,包括温度仪表,压力仪表,流量仪表,液位仪表,阀门仪表,分析仪表。
For multi-nozzle-mounted CWS gasification experimental device used in the instrument made the introduction and characterization, Including temperature instruments, pressure instruments, flow instruments, level instruments, valves, analytical instruments.

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国泰公司通过建立煤炭质量信息化管控平台，实现优化配煤，促进多喷嘴水煤浆气化炉的安全、稳定、环保生产，达到了降耗增效的目的。
After establishing the coal quality information management and control platform , the coal blending process is optimized , so the multi-nozzle CWS gasifier is running more safely , stablely and environmentally friendly . The effects of reducing consumption and increasing efficiency are good .

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石油是一种不可再生资源,必须要寻求新能源的制造方法,其中,甲醇的大规模生产也受到了各个国家有关部门的高度重视。本文主要从原料、产品与投资方面几个方面对多喷嘴对置式水煤浆气化技术、Shell技术、BGL煤熔渣气化工艺进行分析,得出最优的生产技术。
Oil is a kind of non-renewable resources, we must seek new energy manufacturing method, among them, the mass production of methanol also attaches great importance by authorities in various countries. This article analyzed the nozzle contraposition type coal-water slurry gasification technology, Shell technology, BGL coal gasification process mainly from the aspects of raw materials, products and investment and so on, and obtained the optimal production technology.

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