自2013年3月下旬开始,华南地区遭遇持续性强降水袭击。采用小波分析、交叉小波变换和小波相干、集合经验模态分解(EEMD)、带通滤波等统计方法,分析2013年华南前汛期持续性强降水过程的大尺度大气环流和低频特征,寻找影响持续性强降水可能的前期信号。揭示出:(1)2013年华南前汛期持续性强降水主要分为两个时段:3月26日—4月11日(第1阶段)和4月23日—5月30日(第2阶段)。前者华南雨带呈现西北一东南分布,由北向南降水量逐渐增大,后者降水强度较前者强,雨带主要集中在华南北部和东南沿海地区。(2)第1阶段华南降水主要受北方冷空气的持续影响,第2阶段主要受西太平洋副热带高压和南海季风的影响。两个阶段的环流特征明显不同:第1阶段在对流层中层主要对应西高东低的经向环流,东亚大槽深厚、东北冷涡长时间盘踞,北方冷空气与来自西太平洋副热带高压西北侧的暖湿气流交汇在华南,此时以冷式锋面降水为主;第2阶段500 hPa高度场为两脊一槽的分布型。热带对流活跃,其上空表现一异常的气旋环流,具有季风降水的性质。(3)第1(2)阶段降水呈现出20—50(8—15)d的振荡特征,可能是北方冷空气活动频繁(西太平洋副热带高压加强和南海季风爆发)的影响,交叉小波功率谱分析得到,东北冷涡(南海北部水汽输送的纬向分量)可能提前1(1/2)个周期,对华南降水具有一定的指示。
From April to June,widespread severe rainstorms events mainly concentrate over South China (SC).During the pe-riod,the persistent extreme precipitation events (PEPEs)are in high incidence and rainfall during this period accounts for near-ly 40%-50% of the annual total.It is usually called the first rainy season (FiRS)over SC. From late March to mid-June in 2013,the precipitation frequently occurred in SC with multiple precipitation processes,se-vere intensity and long duration.Based on the statistical methods such as the wavelet analysis,the cross wavelet transform,the wavelet coherence,the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD)and the band pass filter,the PEPEs are analyzed. The results show that two persistent extreme precipitation processes occurred during the period of 26 March-1 1 April (which is called the first stage hereafter)and 23 April-30 May (which is called the second stage hereafter),respectively.During the first stage,rainfall amount increased from the north to the
