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双语推荐：威廉·福克纳

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《我弥留之际》是美国著名作家威廉·福克纳的杰出作品。福克纳在这部看似情节简单的小说中表现了多组人生基本命题的二元对立关系，如生与死、言与行、理智与疯狂等，以及它们是如何转化乃至消解的，从而探究人性与人生价值。
As I Lay Dying is the masterpiece of William Faulkner, the famous American writer. Faulkner in this seemingly simple-plot novel discusses the binary oppositions of some basic concepts, such as life and death, words and deeds, sanity and insanity and points out the opposition and transformation within each pair, so as to explore humanity and human value.

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威廉·福克纳是二十世纪美国最重要的小说家,其代表作《喧哗与骚动》中大量运用了神话原型模式,从而使整部小说充满了反讽色彩,揭示了美国南方精神文化的衰落。从结构、人物、意象等方面分析《喧哗与骚动》中的神话原型,能深度揭示福克纳对美国南方传统文化的思考和批判以及对人性和人类命运的探索。
William Faulkner is the most important American novelist of the twentieth century .He used a lot of Myth and Arche-typal patterns in his representative-The Sound and the Fury , which makes the whole novel be full of irony .It reveals the decline of the spiritual culture in the southern United States .The paper is to analyze mythological archetype in The Sound and the Fury from the perspective of structure , character , image and so on , to reveal Faulkner ’ s thinking and criticism of the traditional culture of the south America and his exploration of human nature and human destiny .

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作为一位二十世纪美国南方的文学巨匠,威廉·福克纳十分关注社会动荡时期的人类发展和人类命运,并试图通过其文学作品帮助人类摆脱精神危机。本文旨在探讨他的短篇小说《熊》中两位福克纳式英雄身上所体现出的勇气精神。具体来说,勇气精神首先体现在一位史诗般的英雄身上,即一只老熊,面对人类工业文明对大自然造成的生态破坏,它勇敢地与人类进行着对抗。其次,勇气精神从艾克这位美国青少年四年的狩猎经历中得以体现,在狩猎经历中,艾克对人生有了新的领悟。
As a master of twentieth Century USA Southern Literary, William Faulkner pays more attention to human development and human destiny in the period of social unrest, and attempts through his literary works to help people out of mental crisis. This paper aims to explore the two Faulkner heros who embody the spirit of courage in his short stories"bear". Specifically, the courage spirit first reflects in an epic hero, is an old bear, in the face of the ecological damage to nature caused by human industrial civilization, it bravely against human. Secondly, the courage spirit is reflected from the America adolescents’ four years hunting experience, in hunting experience, Aike has the new comprehension to the life.

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乡土情结影响下的中西方文学在世界文学中占据着举足轻重的地位，乡土情结影响下的中西方文学也因而具有共通之处。在西方文学史威廉·福克纳成功地描绘了美国南方传统世界。深受福克纳影响的莫言则通过独特视角透视展现给世人一个独特的环境--高密东北乡。两者既有相同之处也有不同之处，但唯一可以确定的是那浓的化不开的乡土情结成就了他们的辉煌，也深深影响了世界文学的发展。
Chinese and Western literature play decisive role in the world literature under the influence of Western native complex, Chinese and Western literature have in common. In the literature history of Western, William Faulkner successfully depicts the American southern traditional world. Mo Yan influenced by Faulkner through the unique perspective to show any unique environment--Gaomi northeast township. Both of them have similar and different, but the only certainty is that native complex make their brilliance, also deeply influences the development of the literature of the world.

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《我弥留之际》是威廉.福克纳最优秀的作品之一。自出版以来,评论家们一直从不同的角度来解读它。该故事首先是一部家庭小说。在细读文本的基础上,透过文化研究和女性主义等视角研究本得伦家庭的解体,得出亲人之间相互孤立、家庭中心的缺失和家庭成员的精神危机是本得仑家庭解体的根源。通过本得伦家,福克纳旨在反映普遍的人类关系并探讨处在现代社会中的人类的普遍危机。
As I Lay Dying is one of William Faulkner''s best works and since its publication , many critics have made arduous efforts to study it from different perspectives .It is a family novel .From the perspectives of cultural studies and feminism , it is conclu-ded that the collapse of the Bundren family lies in isolation , the absence of centers and the predicament of spiritual crisis Through the family, Faulkner aims at presenting human relations and exposing the problems of human existence in modern society .

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苏童和威廉·福克纳在各自文学创作中都细致而深刻地刻画出了女性的成长、爱情以及结局之悲剧。但在女性悲剧命运之源的理解上，福克纳着重批判美国旧南方奴隶社会的清教传统、父权制文化以及南方妇道观对女性的戕害，而苏童更关注女性自身的弱点，着重刻画潜伏于人类内心深处固有的文化结构和心理背景，不过二人对女性悲剧命运的体察、关注和同情却体现出了他们相似的人道主义立场和相同的对弱者的人性关怀。
Both Su Tong and William Faulkner described profoundly the tragic fate of women through the description of their grouth experience, love and ending. But as for the causes of the tragic fate of wom-en, the two writers have different opinions. Faulkner put emphasis on the severe criticism of the violence a-gainst women resulting from Puritan tradition, patriarchal culture and views on women of the old southern slave society of America, while Su Tong paid more attention to the weaknesses of women themselves, the in-herent culture structure and psychological background in the depths of human heart. However, their under-standing and sympathy for the tragic fate of women reflects their similar humanitarian grounds.

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是20世纪美国作家海明威的代表作品,被威廉·福克纳誉为"这代人最优秀的一部作品."对于 中的象征因素,评论界意见不一.事实上,桑提亚哥的遭遇和生存环境就是海明威艺术化了的亲身经历.本文将从 的主人公和其生存环境等方面着手,对丈中的象征因素进行整体的剖析、归纳和总结.
The Old Man and the Sea is one of the masterpieces of Ear-nest Hemingway. William Faulkner considered it as the most outstanding work among the generation. As for the symbols in The Old Man and the Sea, there is variety of opinions in the eyes of different critics. In fact, the undergoing and living environment of Santiago is the portraiture of Hem-ingway''s own experience. This paper will make an analysis on the sym-bols through the aspects of the heroes, the living environment, and etc. to help readers have a more comprehensive and deeper understanding of the symbols in The Old Man and the Sea.

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威廉姆·福克纳是美国“南方文学”的代表人物，是1949年诺贝尔文学奖的获得者。《烧马棚》是福克纳的经典短篇小说。小说讲述了美国内战后南方白人农民阿伯纳一家的生活经历。父亲总是烧地主家的马棚，而让一家人处在颠沛流离的状态中。语气是作者对他所创作的人物等的态度。它可以通过小说中的各种因素如人物、意象、象征等的选择而体现出来。本文将采取新批评派“细读文本”的方法分析能体现作者语气的各种因素、探讨作者对小说中主人公的态度。笔者通过分析小说中儿子对父亲的感情、显著意象和火的象征发现作者在行文时采取了讽刺的语气对儿子表示出同情。
William Faulkner is a great American writer, and in 1949 he was rewarded the Noble Prize in Literature. Although he received public acclaim chiefly for his longer works, such as The Sound and the Fury, and Light in August, Faulkner found himself again and again writing short stories. In Barn Burning, which appeared in 1938, he created the seed story of the whole Snopes trilogy that was to constitute his last great creative accomplishment. Tone in fiction is frequently a guide to an author’s attitudes towards the subject. “Close reading”, a critical method adopted by New Critics, will be used to analyze the tone in the short story “Barn Burning”. It is found out that the author adopts an ironic tone to show sympathy to the son Sarty Snopes.

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威廉·福克纳以自己独特文学语言体现的生态思想遍布于他的作品,尤其是《八月之光》和《去吧,摩西》建构了从1851年到1940年八十余年人类与自然环境交互的历史空间,集中而鲜明地反映了他的生态伦理思想:人与自然互为依存,资本主义经济模式是地球生态危机的根源所在;人类需要重新认识自然价值并关注自然本体,实现从自然价值论到自然本质论的认识飞跃,从而对自己的价值观念、生活方式和文明取向做出根本性的调整。福克纳以其卓绝的文学隐喻明确地告诫我们:如果仍旧无视地球生态恶化,人类也将与动物和其他地球物种一道,在这原本丰富多彩的自然生态中终结和消失。
This paper aims to discuss Faulkner’s Ecological thought that reflected by his unique literary language throughout his works. Especially in Light in August and Go Down Moses. This two works reflected his ecological ethic thought and constructed interactive historical space between human and natural environment from 1850 to 1940. Humans and nature are interdependent, capitalist economy mode is the root of ecological crisis; Humans need to recognize natural value and ontology, achieve cognition leap from natural value theories to the understanding of natural essence. Humans also make fundamental adjustment to their own values, lifestyle and culture orientation. Faulkner used his excellent literary metaphor, explicitly warned us: if you still ignore the ecological deterioration, human being, animals and other species of earth will end and disappear in colorful natural ecology.

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《献给爱米丽的一朵玫瑰花》是威廉·福克纳最为著名的短篇小说，具有独特的叙事学特征，这主要表现在叙事时间、叙述视角及人物刻画几方面。这篇小说打破了传统的线性叙事模式，运用了时间倒错的手法，并灵活运用了多种视角进行叙事。另外，该篇小说人物刻画也极为生动生动的，并富有隐喻色彩。
“A Rose for Emily”is the most famous story of William Faulkn-er. Its unique narrative features are embodied in narrative order, point of view, and characterization. This story breaks the linear narrative mode by us-ing anachrony, and narrates from various points of view. In addition, the characterization of the story is vivid and metaphorical.

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