为了提高大型公共建筑和高层建筑内的消防应急救援能力和透明化指挥水平,研究室内地理信息系统(GIS)和定位技术是十分必要的。针对目前室内外GIS数据模型表达不一致、室内地图更新困难和室内外路网无法有效集成问题,探讨标准GML对消防室内GIS数据模型进行统一表达,采用开源Web GIS服务对消防室内地图进行定期更新,并通过一体化路网实现由室内外空间的最短救援路径分析。针对目前室内定位精度不高的问题,研究通过融合定位算法提高基站室内定位精度。以天津滨海高新区应急指挥中心作为应用示范,建立了基于上述室内GIS和定位技术的消防一体化指挥系统,研究结果表明,提出的技术方案结果精度较高,示范系统具有良好的应用价值。

To improve the fire emergency rescue capability and the transparent command level of large public build-ings and high-rise buildings, the research on indoor GIS and positioning technologies are very necessary.Aiming at the problems like inconsistent expression of indoor and outdoor GIS data model, the difficulty of indoor map update and being incapable of efficient integration of indoor and outdoor road networks at now, the standard GML was ap-plied to uniformly express the fire indoor GIS data model.The open WebGIS service was applied to update the fire indoor map periodically, and the integrated road network was used to realize the shortest rescue path analysis be-tween outdoor space and indoor space.Aiming at the problems of imprecision on indoor positioning accuracy, a fu-sion positioning algorithm was studied to improve indoor positioning accuracy of base station.Taking emergencycommand center of Tianjin Binhai High-tech Zone as a demonstration, the fire integrated comma

针对目前高层建筑消防缺少室内定位和室内地图支持的问题,结合当前室内定位技术并利用GIS技术研发了一个消防应急指挥平台原型系统。该平台解决了室内外地图服务,室内外定位信息的跟踪显示以及消防员手持终端、指挥中心指挥系统及移动指挥系统间的信息共享与同步等关键问题。基于该平台,可为消防应急指挥和救援提供室内外地图及定位信息服务,对消防应急指挥能力的提升具有较高的应用价值和广泛的应用前景。

Aiming at the problem of lack of indoor positioning and information support in high-rise buildings, a prototype system of the ifre emergency command platform was developed by using the GIS and indoor positioning technologies. The key problems such as the indoor and outdoor map service, tracking and visualization of indoor and outdoor positioning information, and information sharing and synchronization among ifremen handheld terminals, command platforms in the command centre and mobile command platforms were solved by this prototype system. Results show that the developed platform can provide indoor and outdoor map services and positioning services for ifre emergency commands and has a good application value and wide application prospect to improve the capability of ifre emergency command.

在1∶5万土壤测量工作中,通过使用GPS定位技术及GIS Office、Mapgis、section、GeoIPAS等地质专业计算机应用软件,大大提高工作效率,并保证成果质量。其工作流程可分为:室内准备的地形图校正、采样点的布置、采样点属性提取;野外作业的GPS参数设置、设计采样点位坐标导入手持GPS、实际采样点位坐标投影到地形图、样品加工;室内资料整理及成果图件编制。

In 1∶50 000 Soil geochemical survey, the use of GPS positioning technology、GIS Office、Mapgis, section、GeoIPAS and other professional geological softwares greatly improve the work efficiency and ensure the quality of the results. The work flow can be divided into:indoor topographic correction、layout of sampling points、extracting the attribute of sampling points; GPS parameter settings for field operations、importing coordinates of designed sampling points into handheld GPS、projecting actual coordinates of sampling points onto topographic maps and sample processing;Data compilation and draw maps of the results.

文章以吉林省农安县土地整理项目区新增耕地为例,实地调查与室内分析相结合,利用Arc GIS技术,对土地整理项目区新增耕地质量作出评价。并通过相关分析,得出影响农安县土地整理项目区新增耕地质量的因素主要为土壤PH值,土壤有机质含量和土壤盐渍化程度。

In this artcle, select NongAn district of JiLin Province cultivated land in land consolidation project as an example, combine with field investigation and laboratory analysis and use Arc GIS technology, evaluate quality of cultivated land. Through the relevant analysis, quality of cultivated land is affected by soil PH, soil organic matter and soil salinization.

为了探讨西北干旱绿洲区土地利用/覆盖类型景观格局特征,以及不同土地利用/覆盖类型植被覆盖度变化,本文以干旱典型绿洲区新疆生产建设兵团第八师为研究区,选取2000年、2005年的 Landsat TM和2010年环境一号星CCD遥感影像数据,采用室内解译与野外核查相结合,运用RS和GIS技术分析了该区域的土地利用/覆盖和景观格局变化特征,并基于土地利用/覆盖类型选取3年的 MODIS数据进行了植被覆盖度变化分析。结果表明：1)该研究区主要以耕地、草地和灌丛为主,占总面积的88.9%。在自然因素和人为因素的综合作用下,干旱绿洲区土地利用/覆盖类型发生明显变化,草地和灌丛呈减少趋势,面积分别由2000年的2603.2 km2和1166.2 km2减少至2010年的1677.3 km2和933.8 km2；耕地和城镇逐步增加,面积分别由2000年的2892.8 km2和209.2 km2增加至2010年的4038.3 km2和259.1 km2；耕地主要由草地和灌丛转化而来,城镇主要由耕地转化而来,土地利用变化整体处于不平衡发展趋势。2)研究区景观特征趋于简单,土地利用变化改变了该区域景观格局,景观多样性、均匀度减少,优势度明显增大,破碎化程度降低,生物多样性也呈向单一方向转变的趋势。3)受气候等主要因素的影响,2000—2010年植被覆盖度呈先降低后逐步升高的趋势,不同土地利用/覆盖类型植被覆盖度表现为林地>耕地>草地>灌丛>荒漠,林地、灌丛、草地和耕地植被覆盖度分别增加6.7%、38.2%、15.6%和12.3%；较高和高等级植被覆盖面积增加,中、较低和低等级植被覆盖度面积减少。4)温度一定的条件下,降雨量是影响干旱绿洲区植被覆盖变化的关键因素。该研究结果可为新疆生产建设兵团生态环境保护管理以及合理规划生产模式提供科学的参考依据。

Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (XPCC) is in the transition zone of the Xinjiang oasis and desert. In the diverse natural environment, agriculture is the main stay in XPCC and the intensity of agriculture in XPCC is higher than in other areas of Xinjiang. Land use/cover types in XPCC have changed markedly with socio-economic development. The Eighth Division of XPCC was investigated in this study. Aided by field verification, the changes in land use/cover in the study region were determined in RS and GIS environments. The study used Landsat TM satellite imagery for 2000 and 2005 in combination with environment first satellite CCD imagery for 2010 to explore the dynamics of land use/cover and landscape patterns. The changes were analyzed for vegetation cover degree for different land use/cover types using MODIS data for 2000, 2005 and 2010. The results showed that:1) the study area mainly composed of cultivated land, brush land and grassland, accounting for 88.9%of t