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双语推荐：物理天平

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根据物理天平设计的杠杆原理和相关理论,详细阐述了天平的安装,调整,衡量和记录四个方面中的细节,帮助操作者快速熟练地掌握天平的使用技巧.
According to the lever principle and theories of physical balance ,the detail about instal-lation ,adjustment ,measurement and data recording of the physical balance were expounded ,in order to help operators master the use of the balance technique skillfully .

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根据 JPL/NASA 发布的月球行星历表 DE430/LE430提供的月球物理参数，计算了月球主转动惯量；使用刚体月球转动微分方程获得的月球物理天平动解析关系式，计算了不同分层模型的月球自由天平动三个模式的频率及周期，比较并讨论了不同的解析结果；在此基础上，评估了月球受迫天平动一个模式的幅度。
Based on the lunar physical parameters in ephemeris DE430/LE430 of JPL/NASA,we estimated the moments of inertia of the Moon.Using these values of moment of inertia,the frequencies and periods of lunar free librations in different modes have been calculated by solving the rotational differential equations of rigid Moon.We compared the results and discussed the analytic results of lunar librations.Meanwhile,we also estimated the forced librations by means of the amplitude of longitudinal part.For the further research,more analytic methods should be mixed into numerical results,and the interactions between two layers would be next objective.

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着重于寻找月核证据并将月核模型引入月球天平动理论中，探讨如何将多种空间探测技术应用于毫角秒精度的月球天平动观测，进而测定液态和固态月核参量。通过讨论多层月球的月球物理参数、流体核的几何与动力学椭率、松散黏滞的月幔，可获得月球相关详细信息与参量，这些参量对评估多层结构的月球自由天平动很重要。物理天平动的解析理论还可应用于未来多种月球工作中，期望在近代月球科学研究基础上能有进一步发展。
The emphasis will be put on the evidences of lunar core existence and on the necessity to take this fact into account in the lunar librations theory.Our goal is to show how the millisecond precision observations of lunar physical librations in the projects.We discuss geophysical parameters,geometrical and dynamic ellipticity of liquid core and viscose-elastic mantel of the multilayered Moon.The research results include the survey of internal structure of the Moon,tabulated values of geophysical parameters and geophysical profile of the Moon,including liquid lunar core, values of geometrical compression on the Moon’s surface, densities, as well as graphic representations of the received data.The new prospects for horizons of research and development of the Moon for the nearest decade will be opened.

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借鉴物理学的平衡杠杆原理,企业内部协调可概括为天平型、扁担型、杆秤型三种类型策略。通过实行目标管理、建立激励机制、建设企业文化、建立规范制度等方式使企业取得长期的平衡;通过各种积极和消极协调方式灵活轻松地解决失衡问题。
Internal coordination can be summarized as three types of strategies, including balance type, shoulder pole type, and steelyard type. The enterprise can achieve long-term equilibrium by implementing target management, incentive mechanism, enterprise culture and standardized system, solve non-equilibrium problems by a variety of positive and negative coordination actions.

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为了实现滤膜式PM2?5测量仪中挥发性颗粒物的连续补偿测量，根据挥发性颗粒物加热挥发、冷却凝结的物理特性，利用冷凝装置和串级冲击采样器原理，设计了双通道的挥发性颗粒物连续采样测量装置。按照采样粒径为10、5、2?5μm的颗粒物设计了3级冲击采样器，通过理论计算得到了采样器的孔径、孔数等相关参数；对采样器中采集的样品使用石英晶体微天平（ QCM）直接测量，并采用加热清洗的方式结合双通道的设计实现挥发性颗粒物的连续采样测量。该装置不但可以应用于目前滤膜式颗粒物监测仪中的挥发性颗粒物补偿测量，使测量结果更加准确可靠；也可直接应用于挥发性颗粒物的测量分析。
In order to realize the continuous compensation measurement of volatile particulate in the PM2?5 measuring instruments with filter,we designed a double-channel continuous sampling and measuring device for volatile particulate with the condensing device and cascade impactor,which was based on the volatile particles’ physical characteristics of evaporating by heating and condensing by cooling. According to the particle size of 10μm, 5μm and 2?5μm,we designed three levels sampler,include the diameter and number of the apertures and other relevant parameters of the sampler. The sample in the sampler is directly measured by Quartz Crystal Microbalance( QCM) ,and cleaned by heating. Combine with the double-channel,it can sample and measure the volatile particles continuously. This sampler not only can be used in the compensation measuring continuously of volatile particulate in the PM2?5 measuring instruments with filter,so that its measurements will be more accurate;but also c

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通过对比碱木质素(AL)和乙酰化碱木质素(ACAL)在四氢呋喃(THF)中溶液行为和物理化学性质的差异，揭示了乙酰化处理对碱木质素在THF中微结构的影响。分别采用动态光散射、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、特性粘度、荧光光谱仪、耗散型石英晶体微天平(QCM-D)和自组装技术等研究了AL和ACAL在聚集形态、聚集机理以及吸附特性等方面的特征。研究发现，乙酰化处理会降低碱木质素在THF中的分子间和分子内聚集程度。 AL在THF中以单分子和聚集体的形式共同存在，分子较为蜷曲； ACAL在THF中则更多地是以单分子形式存在而几乎不存在大聚集体，分子较为伸展，其流体力学半径要比相同绝对分子量的AL更大。 THF中的AL聚集体会在液固界面上发生强烈的吸附，但ACAL由于与溶剂间的相互作用较强而几乎不会吸附在液固界面上。由于AL 分子在THF中较为蜷曲且吸附能力较强，因此利用以THF为流动相的GPC直接测量AL的分子量时所得结果并不准确，为保证GPC的测量结果更加全面可靠，需要在测量前对碱木质素进行乙酰化处理。
The effect of acetylation on the microstructure of alkali lignin (AL) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) was studied. The physicochemical properties of AL and acetylated alkali lignin (ACAL) were compared. Dynamic light scattering, gel penetration chromatography (GPC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), intrinsic viscosity, fluorescence spectrophotometry, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) measurements, and layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly were used to investigate the aggregation and adsorption of AL and ACAL. Intermolecular and intramolecular associations in AL decreased fol owing acetylation. AL in THF existed mainly as mono-molecules and intermolecular associations and had a more compact conformation. ACAL existed mainly as mono-molecules with a more stretched conformation. ACAL had a larger hydrodynamic radius than AL (of the same absolute molecular mass), because of its stretched conformation. QCM-D and LbL self-assembly measurements suggested that AL aggr

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