观察红花黄色素(Sofflor yellow,SY)对胶原诱导的小鼠血小板聚集的影响,并探讨其对小鼠血小板"第二信使"环磷酸腺苷(Cyclic AMP,c AMP)水平的作用。方法:比浊法测定血小板聚集率;酶联免疫吸附法ELISA检测c AMP的水平。结果:0.25 g/L和0.5 g/L的SY对血小板聚集的抑制率分别为(24.06±3.65)%和(62.36±7.17)%,与对照组相比,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.01)。与对照组的c AMP水平(2.06±0.13 pmol/108 plts)相比,0.25 g/L和0.5 g/L的SY使血小板的c AMP水平分别升高到(2.48±0.20 pmol/108 plts,P0.05)和(3.52±0.28 pmol/108 plts,P0.01),差异均具有统计学意义。结论:SY对胶原诱导的小鼠血小板聚集有显著的抑制作用,其作用机制可能是升高血小板c AMP的水平。

Objective:To observe the effects of safflor yellow (Sofflor yellow, SY) on collagen induced platelet Effect of plate aggregation, and to explore its on miceplatelet "second messenger" cyclic adenosine monophosphate (Cyclic AMP, cAMP) level of. Methods:the platelet aggregation rate was measured byturbidimetric method;enzyme linked immunosorbent assayfor detection of cAMP level ELISA. Results:the inhibition of 0.25 g/L and 0.5 g/L SY on platelet aggregation rate were(24.06 ± 3.65)%and (62.36 ± 7.17)%, compared with the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P< 0.01). And the control group (2.06 ± 0.13 cAMP pmol/108 PLTs), 0.25 g/L and 0.5 g/L SY of platelet cAMP levels were increased to (2.48 ± 0.20 pmol/108 PLTs,P<0.05) and (3.52 ± 0.28 pmol/108 PLTs,P< 0.01), thedifferences were statistically significant.Conclusion:SYhas obvious inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation induced by collagen in mice, and its mechanism may be elevated levels of platelet cAMP.

背景 阳离子抗菌肽(cationic antimicrobial peptides,AMPs)是生物在长期进化过程中保留下来的一类天然的小分子多肽,一方面它作为效应分子介导脓毒症的先天性和获得性免疫反应,在机体抵御入侵病原微生物、修复受损组织中发挥重要的作用；另一方面,AMPs作为内源性危险分子在机体创伤、感染时从中性粒细胞细胞,上皮细胞等细胞中释放到局部组织和循环中,通过免疫调控等机制介导机体内环境紊乱和脓毒症的发生发展.目的 重新认识AMPs这类机体内在固有的、重要的分子在脓毒症免疫应答中的作用.内容 系统阐述AMPs在介导脓毒症的先天性和获得性免疫反应中的双刃剑作用,重点突出近年国际上对AMPs作为一类关键的内源性危险分子在促发脓毒症免疫损伤作用的新进展.趋向 为进一步明确AMPs在脓毒症发病机制中作用和发病机制提供科学依据.

Background Cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is one group of small peptides which is retained in the long-term evolutionary process.On the one hand,AMPs mediate the innate and adaptive immune responses of sepsis,play important roles in defending the body against invading microorganisms and repairing damaged tissue; on the other hand,in response to infection or tissue injury,AMPs as endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns released into the local tissue and circulating,cause disorders of the internal environment and development of sepsis.Objective Re-understanding of the role AMPs in the immune response in sepsis.Content Systematically illustrate that AMPs are double-edged swords in modulation of the innate and adaptive immune response of sepsis.And focus on the mechanisms of AMPs medicate the immune injury of sepsis in recent years.Trend To provide scientific basis for further clarify the AMPs in the pathogenesis and mechanisms of sepsis.

在不加氮气保护下，采用静置热聚合法，以过硫酸铵（APs）为引发剂，N，N＇-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺（NMBA）为交联剂，制备了淀粉（St）-丙烯酰胺（AM）-2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）三元共聚物，探索了反应条件对共聚物吸附亚甲基蓝和蒸馏水能力的影响。结果表明，当反应体系中AM与AMPS物质的量之比为1．51：1，st在St，AM和AMPS混合体系中的质量分数为23％，St，AM和AMPs在反应体系中的总质量分数为23％，pH=3，交联剂NMBA和引发剂APS在反应体系中的质量分数均为0．03％时，所制备的共聚物对亚甲基蓝的吸附能力最高，且此时的吸水倍率完全满足工业应用要求。

Using ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator,N,N’-methylene-bis-acrylmide (NMBA) as crosslinker,a ternary copolymer of starch(St)–acrylamide(AM)–2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid(AMPS) was prepared in water solution by static thermal polymerization without nitrogen atmosphere. The effect of reaction conditions on adsorptive capacity of methylene blue and water of the copolymer was studied. The results show that when the molar ratio of AM and AMPS in the reaction system is 1.51∶1,the mass fraction of St in the St,AM and AMPS hybrid system is 23%,the total mass fraction of St,AM and AMPS in the reaction system is 23%,pH=3,the mass fraction of NMBA and APS in the reaction system is 0.03%respectively,the prepared copolymer has best adsorption performance for methylene blue and the water absorbent rate can meet the requirements of industry application.

以玉米淀粉（CS）为基体，连续接枝丙烯酰胺（AM）、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）两种单体，合成了CS／AM、CS／AM／AMPS两种降滤失剂，并分别对其降滤失性能进行考察。研究结果发现，在CS和AM的聚合反应中，当反应温度为50℃，引发剂浓度为单体质量的1．0％，CS与AM的质量比为1：2，反应时间为3h时，获得的降滤失剂效果最佳，滤失量为8．6mL。在此基础上，引入AMPS，通过正交试验，得出钻井液老化后的最佳反应条件。

In this paper,two kinds of corn starch-based filtrate reducers,CS/AM and CS/AM/AMPS,were synthe-sized through grafting of acrylamide and AMPS continuously and then studied in respect of their filter loss properties. The results indicated that optimum reaction conditions of polymerization of corn starch and acrylamide included a reaction temperature of 50,℃,a monomer initiator quality of 1.0%,a mass ratio of starch and acrylamide of 1∶2, and a reaction time of 3,h. Under such conditions,the filter loss was 8.6,mL. On this basis,AMPS was introduced into the copolymer of CS/AM. Through an orthogonal test,the optimum synthesis condition was obtained.

研究了不同极限黏度无磷聚合物AA/AMPS/HPA在含异养菌循环水中对Zn2＋和PO3-4的稳定性能，结果表明：极限粘度不同AA/AMPS/HPA对Zn2＋和PO3-4的稳定性能差别不大；在Ca2＋1000mg/L、碱度280mg/L条件下，异养菌对AA/AMPS/HPA稳定锌盐性能的影响较小，46d后稳锌率为75％左右；该条件下异养菌对AA/AMPS/HPA稳定磷酸盐性能的影响较大，46d后稳磷率仅为65％左右；当配水碱度增加到900mg/L后AA/AMPS/HPA对Zn2＋和PO3-4的稳定效果均较差，稳锌率和稳磷率分别为45％和40％。

This article studies the stabilities of non -phosphorus polymers AA/AMPS/HPA with different limiting viscosity to Zn2+ and PO3 -4 in high heterotrophic bacteria circulating water .The results show that the stabilities of AA/AMPS/HPA with different limiting viscosity to Zn2+ and PO3 -4 are almost the same .In the circulating water with Ca2+ 1000 mg/L and alkalinity 280 mg/L ,the effect of heterotrophic bacteria on the stability of AA/AMPS/HPA to Zn2+ is little .After 46d the steady rate of Zn2+ is about 75% .In the circulating water with Ca2+ 1000mg/L and alkalinity 280 mg/L ,the effect of heterotrophic bacteria on the stability of AA/AM PS/HPA to PO3 -4 is great . After 46d the steady rate of PO3 -4 is about 65% .When the alkalinity is 900mg/L ,the stabilities of AA/AM PS/HPA to Zn2+ and PO3 -4 are bad ,w hich are respectively about 45% and 40% .