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双语推荐：空心砌体

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利用有限元方法，对空框架、空心砌体墙框架、实心砌体墙框架、配筋砌体墙框架四种有限元模型进行对比分析，结果显示：空心砌块、实心砌块、配筋砌块的加入显著提高了混凝土框架结构的极限承载力，而降低了结构的延性，改变了结构的破坏形式。
In this paper,four finite element models are analyzed in contrast by using the finite element method,which include the empty frame, hollow masonry wall frame,solid masonry wall frame,and reinforced masonry wall frame. The results show that the hollow block,solid block and reinforced block can significantly improve the ultimate bearing capacity of reinforced concrete frame,while the ductility of the structure can be re-duced,and the failure form structure can be changed.

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为了寻求替代烧结粘土砖的新型墙体材料,对陶粒混凝土小型空心砌块砌体进行抗压性能试验,主要研究不同砂浆强度等级对其抗压性能的影响,分析了砌块砌体的破坏特征和抗压强度。研究结果表明:陶粒混凝土小型空心砌块砌体的抗压性能和普通混凝土砌块砌体的抗压性能基本相似,极限破坏状态为砌体被贯通裂缝分隔成小立柱后破坏。通过对试验数据的整理分析得出,可以用《砌体结构设计规范》(GB50003-2011)建议的公式计算陶粒混凝土小型空心砌块砌体的抗压强度。
In order to seek a new type of wall materials to replace sintered clay brick ,an experimental study on the compression perform-ance of ceramsite concrete small hollow block masonry was presented .We discussed the effect of the mortar strength grades on the com-pressive properties ,and analyzed the failure characteristics and compressive strength of masonry .The results showed that the compres-sion properties of ceramsite concrete small hollow block masonry was similar to the ordinary concrete hollow block masonry ,which was destroyed after the main crack forms and penetrated the specimen .The compression strength of ceramsite concrete small hollow block can be calculated by using the formula in Code for Design of Masonry Sturctures ( GB50003 2011) .

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对不同再生骨料替代率（ RA）下空心砌块、不同强度和不同RA的砂浆以及不同砂浆强度最优替代率组合后空心砌块砌体抗压性能进行试验研究。结果表明，RA为50％时再生砌块和砂浆强度最高；不同RA下设计强度Mb5？0的砂浆强度提高优于Mb7？5；在Mb5？0和Mb7？5砂浆设计强度下，无论是砂浆还是砌块掺入50％再生骨料均可提高再生砌块砌体强度，且均掺入50％的再生骨料强度最高。当RA一定，若砂浆和砌块强度相近，则对空心砌块砌体的强度提高更有利。
With different recycled aggregate replacement rate ( RA) of hollow block, under the different strength and different RA of mortar and mortar strength optimal combination after the replacement, hollow block masonry compressive performance is researched by experiment. The results show that mortar intensity of the recycled brick with RA 50% is highest; The increasing strength of mortar of Mb5?0 is better than that of Mb7?5 under different RA; Under the Mb5?0 and Mb7?5 mortar strength, mortar or block mixed with 50% recycled aggregates all can improve the regeneration of block masonry strength, and the block masonry strength is highest by mixing with 50% recycled aggregate. When RA has a selected value, the strength of mortar is similar with block. The intensity of hollow block masonry is improved better.

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灌孔复合陶粒混凝土砌块砌体是以EPS颗粒混合土为内芯、以陶粒混凝土空心砌块为外模组成的一种新型复合承重墙体材料,为使其在地震区村镇底层建筑中得到推广应用,进行了灌孔复合砌块砌体抗剪强度和抗压强度试验,分析了砌体裂缝开展及破坏过程。试验结果表明:灌孔复合砌块砌体的受压、受剪破坏过程及特征与普通混凝土小型空心砌块砌体相似,通过试验数据分析表明该复合砌块砌体结构非常适合荷载和层数较少的村镇低层建筑。
Grouted composite ceramsite concrete block masonry is a kind of new material for load-bearing walls.In order to promote the application of this new material in village and town low-rise buildings of seismic area ,compression and shear strength of composite brick masonry was tested and crack and failure progress was analyzed.The test results showed that the failure processes and characteristics of the grouted composite block masonry in compression and in shear were similar to that of the small-sized hollowed concrete block masonry , through the analysis of test data showed that the composite block masonry was suitable for buildings in village and town.

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我国的能源问题越来越突显，新型的节能材料的研发和设计愈发重要，通过对自保温混凝土空心砌块的大量调研和研究，发现自保温混凝土空心砌块是现在保温墙体的最佳形式。本文从块型设计、砌体力学性能和砌体热工性能等三个方面进行研究，对复合自保温砌块进行设计优化，实践于我国建筑节能利废墙体材料的改革。
The energy problem is becoming more obvious in our country, new energy-saving materials is more and more important of the design and development. A lot of investigation and research of the self thermal insulation concrete hollow block is done,found self thermal insulation concrete hollow block is the best form of the existing thermal insulation wall.This paper has conducted the research from three aspects, including block design, the mechanical properties and thermal performance of the masonry,design optimization is conducted for the composite self heat insulation block,make guidance for the reform of the energy saving and Waste Utilisation wall materials of the building in our country.

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保温砌模轻质混凝土空心砌块混合生土复合墙体结构是由聚苯乙烯颗粒(EPS)混合土为内芯、轻质陶粒混凝土砌块为外模组成的一种新型复合砌块砌体结构形式,具有保温、抗震和整体好的特性,非常适合村镇低层建筑。考虑不同的内芯材料强度和不同的砌筑砂浆强度,对9组复合砌块砌体抗压试件进行试验研究,分析内芯强度和砂浆强度对复合砌块砌体抗压强度的影响。试验结果表明:内芯材料强度对复合砌体抗压强度贡献最大,影响显著;砂浆强度对复合砌体抗压强度影响较小;空心砌块砌体的抗压强度明显低于复合砌块砌体的抗压强度。
The composite masonry of thermal-insulating lightweight concrete hollow block is a new type of structure with composite polystyrene ( EPS) soil as its inner core and the lightweight ceramsite concrete block as its external mould, because it makes the heat preservation and anti-seismic and integrity as a whole , suitable for buildings in village and town .Considering the different strength of filling materials and different strength of masonry mortar , compressive strength of 9 group specimens of composite block masonry was tested , analyzed the effects of different inner core strength and different mortar strength on the compressive strength of composite block masonry .The test results show that the inner core strength has the largest contribution to the compressive strength of composite masonry , whose influence is significant; mortar strength has weak effect on compressive strength of composite masonry; the compressive strength of hollow block masonry is markedly lower than that of c

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对N型混凝土自保温空心砌块进行了热学参数计算和ANSYS传热模拟,并对比计算和模拟结果,分析出采用N型设计,可阻断热桥传递,提高砌体热阻,从而获得更好的热工性能。
The thermal parameters of N-type self-insulation concrete hollow block are calculated and heat transfer of the block is simulated using the ANSYS software. Then the calculation results and simulation results are compared and an-alyzed. It shows that using N-type design, the heat bridge transfer is interdicted, and thermal resistance of the block is im-proved, so a better thermal performance is achieved.

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介绍了榫卯式小型混凝土空心砌块剪力墙结构体系的技术原理及性能，并将其与一般砌体结构、一般剪力墙结构进行了对比分析，同时对该结构的保温性能作了研究，结果表明该结构体系是一种集承重与隔热保温于一体的结构自保温剪力墙结构体系，值得大力推广应用。
The thesis introduces technological principles and performance of small hollow concrete masonry shear wall structure system with mor-tise and tenon connection style,compares it with general masonry structure and general shear wall structure,and studies its structural thermal in-sulation performance. Results show that:the structural system is the self-protecting thermal insulation shear wall structure system combining bear-ing with thermal insulation,which is worth promoting.

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分析比较闭合复位后经微创小切口空心钉及股骨近端空心锁定板治疗老年患者股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法:选取本院自2011年3月~2013年6月住院的20例老年股骨颈骨折患者。随机分为股骨近端空心锁定板组10例和空心钉组10例。对比两组疗效(比较手术时间、手术切口长度、术中出血量及术后并发症)并进行评分。结果:股骨近端空心锁定板组治疗优9例、优良率90%。空心钉组治疗优7例、优良率70%。从患者手术时间、手术切口长度及术中出血量来看两组无明显差异。但从术后并发症(空心钉退出、空心钉折断及股骨颈短缩)看股骨近端空心锁定板组优于空心钉组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:股骨近端空心锁定板治疗老年患者股骨颈骨折优于空心钉治疗老年患者股骨颈骨折的疗效。
Objective:Analyze the effect of mini-invasive incision hollow nails and proximal femoral hol-low locking plate after closed reduction in the treatment of elderly patients with femoral neck fractures . Methods:Choose 20 cases of elderly patients with femoral neck fracture in the hospital from March 2011 to June 2013 .Divide them into hollow locking plate group and hollow nails group .Compare and evaluate the cur-ative effect (from the operation time ,the incision length ,intraoperative blood loss and postoperative compli-cations) .Results:The excellent rate of hollow locking plate group and hollow nails group were 90% and 70% .No obvious difference were observed between the two groups from the operation time ,incision length and bleeding amount .While from the postoperative complications (nailing out ,broken of hollow nails and shortening of the femoral neck) prospect ,hollow locking plate group was better and the difference was sta-tistically significant (P<0 .05) .Conclusion:Proximal

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介绍了国内外空心钢锭制造技术发展现状。随着空心类锻件向超大型化发展，有必要进一步研究大型空心钢锭的制造技术。
The development situations of manufacturing technology for hollow ingot at home and aboard are intro-duces in this paper.With the development in ultra large scale for hollow forgings, it is needed to research the manufac-turing technology for large hollow ingot.

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