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双语推荐：精密播种机

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穴盘育苗精密播种机是蔬菜育苗技术的关键设备，可以减轻播种劳动强度，提高播种精度和播种效率。为此，调研了国内外穴盘育苗精密播种机的研究应用现状，分析了穴盘育苗精密播种机的工作原理和分类，指出我国穴盘育苗精密播种机存在的问题，并对穴盘育苗精密播种机的发展提出建设性的意见，旨在为穴盘育苗精密播种机的设计开发与应用提供科学依据和方法。
Precision seeding machine is a key equipment of tray seedling technology which can reduce the sowing labor intensity and improve seeding efficiency and precision.This article analyses the technical principle and characteristics of different tray precision seeder after the research and application situation of tray seeding equipment at home and abroad. The opinions and suggestions for tray precision seeding machine development is given according to the problem of preci-sion seeding equipment and this provides the reference for the research and application of tray precision seeding equip-ment.

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针对目前农机田间试验易受地点、季节以及设备等因素的限制,造成试验周期长、准确度低、费用高等诸多问题,提出了一种小区精密播种机试验台系统。该试验台系统包括电气和机械两大部分,可在实验室内模拟播种机行走,并完成多种情况下的排种试验。多次试验结果表明,该试验台系统可以较好地完成小区精密播种机性能测试,对于改善小区精密播种机的电控性能、提高其数字化和电气化精密程度、降低试验测试成本具有重要意义。
Considering such restrictions for agricultural field trials as location , season , equipment and other factors which result in long test cycle , low accuracy and high cost , a precision plot seeder test bench system was presented .The test bench system , including two parts of the electrical and mechanical , could simulate the seeder walking in the laboratory and complete seeding experiments under a variety of conditions .After many times of tests , the test bench system can bet-ter accomplish the performance tests of the precision plot seeder , which has a great significance in improving electrical control performance , increasing their digitization , electrification , accuracy and lowering the cost of test trials for the pre-cision plot seeder .

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为满足播种机工况监测的需求,在Zigbee技术和单片机技术的基础上,设计了精密播种机工况监测及显示系统。该系统以PIC16F877A单片机和CC2530无线模块为主要部件,由各传感器监测播种机工作参数,所测数据由无线模块与单片机进行串口通信,再由单片机对数据进行分析处理后用液晶显示模块适时显示,使播种机操作手能及时掌握播种机工作状况。
In order to meet the needs of monitoring for seed metering device , a monitoring and display system of working conditioning for precision planter was designed on the basis of the technology of ZigBee and single chip microcomputer .In this system , the MCU PIC16 F877 A and wireless modem CC 2530 are the main components .Working parameters are mo-nitored by the sensors and the data are communicated by the single chip microcomputer and wireless modem .Finally the data was analyzed and processed by the single chip microcomputer , then they were displayed by the LCD modem , which help the manipulator or master the working condition of the planter .

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精密排种器是精密播种机的核心工作部件,其排种性能直接决定了精密播种机的作业质量。为了研究可调窝眼式排种器的机理及性能,确定最佳工作参数,对其进行了台架性能试验测试。同时,通过单因素试验和正交试验的极差与方差分析,得出排种盘转速是影响其排种性能的主要因素;当排种盘转速为50r/min、窝眼长度为11mm时,排种器的排种性能最优,合格指数为88%。
The precision metering mechanism is one core component of a precision planter .Its seeding performance di-rectly causes that the precision planter works well or not .In order to study the seeding mechanism and performance of the adjustable nest-hole metering device and determine its optimal working parameters , the performance tests on test bench have been done in this paper .By using the single-factor experiments as well as the range analysis and variance analysis in the orthogonal test , it founds that seed-wheel rotation speed is a major factor affecting its seeding performance and the seed-metering device has the optimal performance when the seed-wheel rotation speed is 50 r/min, nest-hole length is 11 mm.Its qualified index is 88%.

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山地小型玉米播种机是丘陵山地玉米全程生产机械化的一个重要装备，玉米播种机的播种粒距变异系数是衡量玉米播种器播种精确性的重要指标。运用GB/T 6973—2005单粒（精密）播种机试验方法，在田间进行生产性试验播种，获得几组粒距数据，通过图形分析和数据分析并计算，验证播种器性能，这一研究方法对丘陵山地如何选择小型玉米播种机具有一定的指导意义。
The small mountain corn seeding machine is an important equipment of hilly corn whole production mechanization, corn seed spacing variation coefficient is an important index to measure the planter seeding accuracy,this paper uses GB/T 6973—2005 single particle(precision)method of drill test,production test in the field into the row sowing,get several groups of seed spacing through the analysis of data,graphical analysis and data and calculation,to verify the performance of seeder,this study method of hills and how to choose small corn planter has very important directive significance.

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MaterMacc气吸式精密播种机是意大利马克公司近几年重点推出的代表世界最新技术的播种机产品。该播种机可在已耕地和未耕地播种,适合于播种玉米、豆类、甜菜、花生、棉花、蓖麻等大粒作物;该播种机装有EASY-SET平行滑道系统,播种单体可在平行滑道上自由滑动,根据不同的播种产品可以让用户在几分钟之内利用定位杆,可快速调节行距。2012年,友谊农场第一管理区引进意大利马克公司生产的MaterMacc播种机10台。同时,结合当地农业生产情况,调查了该播种机在播种作业中的效果并对其进行了深入分析。
MaterMacc suction precision seeder is Italy mark company focus in recent years , launched on behalf of the world''s latest technology machine products .The seeder can be in the cultivated land and arable land , sowing seeds , not suitable for seeding corn , beans , sugar beet , peanuts , cotton , canola , major grain crops , such as the machine is e-quipped with EASY-SET parallel chute system , seeding monomer can slide freely on parallel slide , according to the dif-ferent sowing product allows users in the use of locating rod quickly adjust the spacing within minutes .Introduced first friendship farm administrative zone in 2012 Italy mark company production of MaterMacc machine 10 units.Combining with the local agricultural production condition , investigated the planter in planting operation effect and carries on the thorough analysis .

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排种器是播种机的核心部件，其性能优劣直接决定播种质量，进而影响作物产量和品质。气力式排种器广泛应用于精密播种机。简要介绍气力式排种器的分类及性能特点，分析国内外气力式排种器的研究情况，并对其未来发展前景进行展望。
The seed sowing device is the core component of seeding machine. Its performance directly determines the seeding quality, thereby affecting the yield and quality of crops. The pneumatic seed sowing device is widely used in precision seeder. This article briefly introduces the characteristics and classification of the pneumatic seed sowing device, reviews its research situation both at home and abroad, and expounds on its future prospects.

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精密排种器是精密播种机的核心工作部件,排种器的排种性能决定了播种机的播种质量。为此,以气吸式排种器为研究对象进行了台架性能试验测试。试验结果表明:对于气吸式排种器,影响其排种性能的主要因素是排种盘转速,当排种盘转速为39r/min、气吸室真空度为4.5kPa时,粒距合格指数为91%,排种器的排种性能最佳。
The precision metering mechanism is one core component of a precision planter .Its seeding performance di-rectly causes that the precision planter works well or not .In order to study the seeding mechanism and performance of the air suction metering device and determine its optimal working parameters , the performance tests on test bench have been done in this paper .By using the single-factor experiments as well as the range analysis and variance analysis in the or-thogonal test , it founds that seed-wheel rotation speed is a major factor affecting its seeding performance and the seed -metering device has the optimal performance when the seed-wheel rotation speed is 39 r/min and the gas suction cham-ber vacuum is 4.5KPa.Its qualified index is 91%.

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穴盘精密播种设备主要用于实现穴盘精密播种,是设施播种育苗环节的关键设备,可以减轻播种作业的劳动强度,提高播种效率。针对现有圆辊型孔式穴盘播种机的排种辊更换不方便、适应性差的问题,为满足丸粒化蔬菜种子精密播种的需要,设计了一种基于组合式排种辊的穴盘播种机。该机采用可拆卸排种辊的结构形式,排种辊采用排种盘分体组合式,由独立的排种盘组合而成,针对常用的50穴、72穴、128穴标准育苗盘设计了组合排种辊,不同育苗盘的播种作业只需要更换相应的排种盘,实现一机多用,并通过对排种盘清种和护种过程进行运动和受力分析,为播种机的完善设计与试验提供理论支撑。
The precision seeding equipment with plug trays is mainly used to achieve precision seeding in plug trays .The equipment is a key planting equipment in greenhouse seedling .Using it can reduce the labor intensity of operations and improve seeding efficiency .The study designed a tray seeder based on combined seeding roll because of the existing type-hole tray seeder can ’ t replace the seeding roll and the seeder have poor adaptability to float tray , the seed can meet the need of precision seeding of pelleting vegetable seed .The seeder use the structure of removable seed roll , the seed roll combined by independent planter plate .Different combined seeding roll was designed for the standard float tray of 50 points , 72 points and 128 points .The seeding operations of different float tray only need to replace the corresponding planter plate , to achieve a multi-purpose machine .Motion analysis force analysis provide theoretical basis for the impro-ving design and test .

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精密播种机的播种精度不仅与播种机排种器性能、播种机组行进速度、土壤湿度等因素相关,而且还与播种机开沟器有很大关系,不同类型的开沟器形成的种子沟的形状不同,对播种的深度和株距有一定影响。试验研究表明：平底V型截面种子沟具有种子落地散射、反弹和滚动小的优点,又具备了平形硬底种子沟播深一致性好的优点,当种子落入沟底后,楔入与种子尺寸相适应的沟内不再滚动。因此,设计合理的开沟器的截面形状,是提高播种机播种精度的关键。
The precision seeder seeding accuracy not only with the seed metering device performance , seeding unit speed , soil moisture and other relevant factors , but also has the very big relations with the planter for the opener , the for-mation of different types of seed ditch shape is different , have a certain effect on the sowing depth and spacing .Test re-sults show:a V shaped seed ditch with seed ground scattering , bounce and rolling of small advantages , but also has a flat hard bottom seed furrow depth and good consistency , when the seeds fell into the ditch , wedge and seed size adapta-tion of the ditch without rolling .So the opener design reasonable section shape , is the key to improve the seed sowing machine precision .

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