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双语推荐：糖蜜酒精

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无酸发酵工艺克服了添加硫酸对设备、环境的危害，十多年来在糖蜜酒精行业多家酒精厂成功应用。随着糖蜜纯度变低，无酸发酵遭遇到细菌感染无法控制等问题，甘蔗糖蜜酒精厂陆续放弃无酸发酵工艺。糖蜜中含量不断增多的灰分、胶体等物质抑制酵母生长繁殖，酵母对细菌无法取得生长优势，导致无酸发酵工艺无法继续应用。在无酸或微酸条件下，尽可能多地排除糖蜜中灰分和胶体，才能从根本上解决无酸发酵染菌问题。
Acid-free fermentation process can overcome the damage of sulfuric acid to equipment and environment. It has been successfully used in some molasses alcohol plants in the past 10 years. Acid-free fermentation encounters problem of uncontrollable bacterial infection due to lower molasses purity and therefore molasses alcohol plants have to give up acid-free fermentation process. Increasing content of ash and colloid in molasses could inhibit the growth and breeding of yeast, and yeast is unable to obtain the growth advantage to bacteria, resulting in acid-free fermentation process unable to continue application. In acid-free or weak-acid conditions, only removing ash and colloid in molasses as much as possible can we fundamentally solve the problem of bacteria infection in free-acid fermentation.

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糖蜜酒精发酵目前多采用双流加连续发酵工艺,其高低浓糖蜜稀释的流加比例对糖蜜连续发酵有重要影响。本文通过糖蜜发酵试验的方式,对不同流加比的投料方式进行简单分析,总结不同流加方式对糖蜜酒精连续发酵的影响。结果表明在相同的平均锤度下,低浓的比例越大时,发酵的时间也越短,出酒率也相对越高。
Continuous dual stream alcoholic fermentation processes are widely used on molasses currently. During this procedure, the proportion of the high and low molasses diluent is important. This article on the alcoholic fermentation processes of molasses, will serve to analyze and summarize different feeding methods and the effect of continuous dual stream alcohol fermentation. Results indicate that under the same average Brix, low concentration ratio results in shorter fermentation times. The rate of wine is also relatively higher.

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糖蜜(Molasses)是甘蔗或甜菜糖厂制糖工业的一种副产品,是含有较多糖的液体残留物,组成因制糖原料、加工条件的不同而有差异。糖蜜主要应用于酒精发酵,而成分的不同给酒精企业收购糖蜜带来很大的困扰。本文用行标法、总还原法、某检测所法和某酒精厂法4种方法对同一样品进行检测,并且对结果进行分析讨论。
Molasses is a by-product of sugar cane or sugar beet refinery in sugar industry. Molasses is mainly used in alcohol fermentation. But its different compositions bring great puzzle to molasses alcohol corporate. In this paper, the same molasses sample were tested using standard method, the total reduction method, the method of an testing institute and the method of an alcohol factory, and the results are analyzed and discussed.

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利用葡萄枯枝蔓和甘蔗糖蜜酒精发酵液为主要培养基原料,发酵生产绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride)孢子菌剂。以产孢量为测定指标,通过单因素试验优化了培养基的组成,并测试了发酵基质不灭菌对于木霉发酵的影响。研究结果表明:葡萄枯枝蔓和糖蜜酒精发酵液适宜作为生产绿色木霉的廉价培养基,优化后培养条件为固态基质粒径10~40目,糖蜜酒精发酵液中硫酸铵添加量1.0%,糖蜜酒精发酵液浓度5°Bx,培养基固液混合比2.5∶1(g∶mL)。在此条件下,绿色木霉JK-20直接发酵未灭菌培养基产孢子量可达1.12×1010CFU/g。
Trichoderm a viride spore culture w as produced using grape branches and m olasses alcoholferm entation m ash as m ain m edium m aterial. U sing spore production as index,the m edium com position w as optim ized by single factor test,and the effectofnon-sterilization ferm entation sub-strate on T.viride ferm entation w as investigated.The resultshow ed thatthe low -costm edium ofgrape branches and m olasses alcoholferm entation m ash w assuitable forT.viride ferm entation.The optim alm edium w asobtained asfollow s:particle size ofthe solid substrate 10-40 m esh,(N H 4)2SO 4 1.0% in m olasses alcoholferm entation m ash,m olasses alcoholferm entation m ash 5 °B x and solid-liquid ratio 2.5∶1(g∶m l).U nderthiscondition,the spore production ofT.viride JK -20 by ferm enting non-sterilized m edium w as1.12×1010 C FU /g.

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新型白酒已成为白酒业的重要组成部分，食用酒精是生产新型白酒最重要的基础物质。食用酒精的处理方法有：①高锰酸钾法。高锰酸钾的最适添加量：在玉米酒精中为0．5％o、木薯酒精中为0．9％o、糖蜜酒精中为0．7‰。②活性炭法。玉米酒精中加0．8％。的203型活性炭，适中；木薯酒精加1．2‰的203型活性炭；糖蜜酒精中加1．0‰的205型活性炭最好。③综合法。即在不同原料生产的食用酒精中添加最佳高锰酸钾和活性炭用量，混合处理，效果更好。
The production of rlG~q-type liquor has become an important component of liquor-making industry.Edible alcohol,the most importantfundamental essentials in new-type liquor production.its management methods were as follows~1.Management by potassium permm~ganate.Theproper addition quantity of potassium permanganate in I]aize alcohol,cassava alcohol and molasses alcohol were 0.5%o,0.9%o and 0.7%o respee-tively.2.Managemem by active carbon.The proper addition quantity oftype 203 active carbon in maize alcohol,cassava alcohol and molasses alcoholwere 0.8%0,1.20/00 and 1.0%o respectively.3.Comprehensive nmnageme~.Better effects could be achievedthroughmanageme~bymixed additionof potassium permanganate and active carbon in edible alcohol produced by different essentials.

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糖蜜酒精废液经蒸发浓缩后制成干粉减水剂、配制生物有机肥等资源化利用是行业内推荐采用的成熟工艺技术。但酒精废液蒸发浓缩通洗罐水水量大、挥发酸高、COD 含量高是一直困扰该工艺的问题。本技术通过对通洗罐水进行沉降、油质分离、灭菌处理等工序，使其挥发酸达到工艺用水指标要求，把处理后的通洗罐水作为工艺用水添加至糖蜜稀释箱，使糖蜜酒精厂的废水产生量削减20%，单位成品废水产生量小于10 m3/kL，达到酒精制造业清洁生产（HJ581-2010）一级水平。
Molasses alcohol wastewater after evaporation and concentration could be made into water reducing agent and compounded into bio-organic fertilizer, which is a mature process recommended by industry. But the problems including huge water consumption, high volatile acid and massive content of COD are making it very difficult for the process. Through a series of process, such as settlement, oil separation and sterilization, this technology makes the volatile acid of cleansing water reach the requirements for industry consumption. At the meantime, the wastewater production reduces by 20%and the wastewater amount per final product is less than 10 m3/kL with treated wastewater added to molasses dilution tank, which achieves the first grade of clean production for alcohol manufacturing (HJ581-2010).

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主要综述了国内外糖蜜酒精废液资源化利用的研究进展，同时根据我国生产现状，提出适合我国国情的酒精废液资源化利用模式，为我国酒精废液的资源化利用提供参考。
This article mainly reviews the research progress of resource utilization of molasses alcohol wastewater at home and abroad. Meanwhile, according to the production status of our country, the utilization patterns of alcohol wastewater resource, which are suitable for situations in our country, was presented, and the reference for utilization patterns of alcohol wastewater in our country was provided.

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分析了糖蜜酒精废液的特点,介绍了酒精废液锅炉燃烧后产生烟尘的特性,总结了应用静电除尘器治理酒精废液锅炉烟气的经验,通过合理设计静电除尘器各系统,可保证静电除尘器可靠、稳定运行,使酒精废液锅炉废气达标排放。
@@@@The article analyzes the characteristic of gooey alcohol waste liquid, introduces the flue dust characteristic caused after incineration of alcohol waste liquid boiler, sums up the experiences by using electro static precipitator and treating flue gas of alcohol waste liquid boiler. Based on reasonably design of al systems of electro static precipitator, the electro static precipitator can be ensured to operate in credible and stable conditions so that the exhaust gas in alcohol waste liquid boiler can comply with the emission standard.

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为研究塔宾曲霉(Aspergillus tubingensis)F12对类黑精及实际糖蜜酒精废水的脱色机理,考察分析了塔宾曲霉F12对类黑精模拟废水(SMW)和实际糖蜜酒精废水(MSW)的脱色进程、脱色效果、菌体吸附作用、酶活及产过氧化氢的变化等方面的异同。结果表明:塔宾曲霉F12对类黑精及实际糖蜜酒精废水均有一定的脱色作用,对SMW和MSW的最高脱色率分别为57%和36%,分别出现在脱色的第8天和第5天。两种废水培养液的pH变化趋势基本一致,还原糖的消耗与菌量的变化比较一致,推测塔宾曲霉F12对两种废水的脱色都需要还原糖,并生成类似的物质。塔宾曲霉F12在MSW中的生长情况优于在SMW中的,但对MSW的脱色率却低于对SMW的;塔宾曲霉F12对MSW的脱色过程以菌体物理吸附为主,而对SMW的脱色时物理吸附作用不大,而以生物降解为主。在F12脱色两种废水的进程中均检测到Lac(漆酶)、MnP(锰过氧化物酶)、MIP(不依赖于锰的过氧化物酶)的活力,MSW中Lac酶活高于SMW的,MSW中MIP产量也明显高于SMW的,而MnP的产酶情况则相反,SMW中MnP的产量高于MSW的,推测木质素过氧化物酶在F12脱色SMW及MSW过程中所起作用存在差异。在F12脱色两种废水的过程中均检测到H2O2的产生,H2O2对废水的脱色有贡献。综上推测,塔宾曲霉F12的脱色作用可能是吸附、产H2O2、木质素氧化酶(MnP、Lac和MIP)等的协同作用。
The effects of decolarization process, the adsorption of thallus, the activity of lidin perox-idase enzyme and the production of H2 O2 on the decolarization of the melanoidins model wastewater (SMW) and molasses actual wastewater (SMW) in the presence of Aspergillus tubingensis F12, re-spectively , were studied in order to investigate the decolorization mechanism of melanoidins by F12 . Result shows that F12 can decolor both SMW and MSW with a maximum decoloration ratio of 57%and 36%, which occured on the 8th and 5th day, respectively. The change of pH value, the deple-tion of reducing sugar, and dry cell weight of two effluent during decoloration were basically unani-mous, indicating that the decoloration of both wastewaters by F12 requires reducing sugar and gener-ates similar products. The growth of F12 in MSW was better than that in SMW, while the decolora-tion of MSW was lower than SMW. In addition, the mechanism of MSW decoloration by F12 are physical adsorption, while biodegrada

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研究自行筛选的一株黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)A5p1(保藏号CGMCC.4292)对糖蜜酒精废水(MSW)的脱色机理.在外加蔗糖情况下菌株A5p1对MSW具有较好的脱色效果,脱色率由14%增高至58%;脱色进程与细胞生长基本同步.从培养液中检测出3种木质素过氧化物酶——漆酶(Lac)及两种胞外过氧化物酶即锰过氧化物酶(MnP)和不依赖锰的过氧化物酶(MiP)的酶活,但是水平不高,认为此3种酶不是主要的脱色机制.发现由各种代谢过程产生的总H2O2生成速率与脱色率基本同步,同时在第4天达到最大值,随后下降;还原糖总消耗也在初期阶段较快.外加蔗糖后总H2O2生成速率增加10倍,达到0.0027 mmol·min-1·mL-1.认为体系中脱色机制可能与产H2O2的酶相关.紫外可见光谱分析和凝胶色谱分析表明脱色过程中有大分子物质降解.综上所述初步认为,黄曲霉A5p1脱色糖蜜酒精废水是一个受产H2O2酶影响、复杂的生物降解过程.
The decolorization mechanism of molasses wastewater ( MSW) by Aspergillus flavus A5P1 ( CGMCC.4292) was studied in this article. With the addition of sucrose, strain A5P1 displayed a better decolorization activity, and the decolorization rate increased from 14% to 58%. The cell dry weight was synchronized with the change of decolorization rate. Three lignin peroxidases relevant to the biodecolorization were detected in the culture fluid, including laccase and two extracellular peroxidases, a manganese-independent peroxidase ( MiP ) and manganese peroxidase ( MnP ) , but, with low activity. It is deducted that these three enzymes did not play a leading role in the the MSW-decolorization by the strain. The total generation rate of H2 O2 from a variety of metabolic processes was found to be synchronous to the decolorization rate, both reaching maximum after 4 d and decreasing subsequently. The total reducing sugar consumption rate also appeared higher at the initial stage. The total gener

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